Detecting clinical change with the CDR-FTLD: differences between FTLD and AD dementia
Open accessAbstract
Objective: To investigate the psychometric properties of the Clinical Dementia Scale—frontotemporal lobar degeneration (CDR‐FTLD) psychometric properties using Rasch analysis and its sensitivity distinguishing disease progression between FTLD and Alzheimer's disease (AD). Methods: Of 603 consecutive patients from the National Alzheimer Coordinating Center dataset (FTLD = 350; AD = 253), 120 FTLDs were included in a Rasch analysis to verify CDR‐FTLD psychometric properties; 483 (FTLD = 230; AD = 253) were included to analyse disease progression, with 195 (FTLD = 82; AD = 113) followed‐up (24 months). Results: The CDR‐FTLD demonstrated good consistency, construct and concurrent validity and correlated well with mini‐mental state examination (MMSE) and disease duration (p s < 0.05). At baseline, FTLD showed greater dementia severity than AD after matched for MMSE and disease duration (p < 0.001). Independent Rasch analyses demonstrated different patterns of progression for FTLD and AD in terms of the domains initially and then subsequently affected with disease progression. At follow‐up, although MMSE showed significant changes (p < 0.05), these were greater on the CDR‐FTLD (p < 0.001). Conclusion: The CDR‐FTLD satisfactorily measures dementia severity and change in FTLD, distinguishing disease progression between FTLD and AD, with clear implications for care, prognosis and future clinical trials. © 2016 The Authors. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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The FTLD-CDR demonstrated annual decline over years in genetic and sporadic FTD populations.
“Findings showed the FTLD-CDR demonstrated annual decline over years in genetic and sporadic FTD population (Knopman et al., 2008; Mioshi et al., 2017; Staffaroni et al., 2019a,b; Anderl-Straub et al., 2021; Lima-Silva et al., 2021).”
From The pursuit for markers of disease progression in behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia: a scoping review to optimize outcome measures for clinical trials (2024) · cites this paper as Mioshi et al., 2017
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“Traditional approaches in validating health scales tend to rely on classic test theory, which relies on correlations and may be limited in its applicability when tests adopt Likert scales (Churchill, 1979), such as the CDR-FTLD.”
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“The Clinical Dementia Rating - FTLD scale-modified (CDR-FTLD) (Knopman et al., 2008) addresses this issue with the addition of two extra domains, language and behaviour, making it more sensitive to FTLD subtypes, while enhancing description of disease # 2016 The Authors.”
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“This study went beyond prior analyses (Knopman et al., 2011) and confirmed the utility of the CDR-FTLD in detecting changes in FTLD and AD dementia over time using Rasch analysis.”
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“an adaptation of the CDR, the CDR for frontotemporal lobar degeneration (CDR-FTDL) [36], was developed with the inclusion of language and behavior domains not contemplated in the original CDR, and has been shown to be sensitive in distinguishing disease progression between FTLD and AD in the general population [37].”
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“Findings showed the FTLD-CDR demonstrated annual decline over years in genetic and sporadic FTD population (Knopman et al., 2008; Mioshi et al., 2017; Staffaroni et al., 10.3389/fnagi.2024.1382593 Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience 03 frontiersin.org 2019a,b; Anderl-Straub et al., 2021; Lima-Silva et…”
BackgroundInfluentialCardiovascular risk factors and the allostatic interoceptive network in dementia
Hazelton, J. L., Migeot, J., González-Gómez, R., Altschuler, F., Duran-Aniotz, C. A., Wen, O., Rial, D. S. G. G., Barttfeld, P., Medel, V., Campo, C. G., et al. (2025) · Cardiovascular Research · doi:10.1093/cvr/cvaf185 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
“55 The CDR-SOB (Sum of Boxes) is calculated by summing each of the domain scores.”
The CBI‐R detects early behavioural impairment in genetic frontotemporal dementia
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“The CDR plus NACC FTLD sum of boxes score in which the total score on each domain is added together (max score = 24) provides a measure of disease severity.(11,12)”
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“Data that were not normally distributed were analysed by using Kruskal–Wallis tests followed by post hoc pairwise comparisons, using Dunn's (1964) procedure with Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons (education, CDR-FTLD, ACE-III, BART balloons popped, mean reaction time, and total money collected) or Mann–Wh…”
InfluentialCorrelation between white matter lesions and cognitive impairment after stroke
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“Scales such as Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) require 15–20 min to complete, while the Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR) [7] scale (completed within 5 min) was more in line with the clinical operation time constraints at that time.”
Plasma Biomarkers and Clinical Outcomes in Early-Onset Dementia
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“20 But CDR is an ecological approach involving both the patient and the informant, 21 whom does not require reading and writing skills, which is ideal in the Peruvian context,whereeducationalgapsandurban-ruraldisparitiesarepromi-nent.”
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- Authors
- Mioshi, E., Flanagan, E., & Knopman, D.
- Affiliations
- University of East Anglia (GB)
- Mayo Clinic (US)
- Corresponding author
- Mioshi, Eneida
- Venue
- International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2016-07-28
- Volume
- 32
- Issue
- 9
- Pages
- 977-982
- ISSN
- 0885-6230 (ISSN-L)
- 1099-1166
- PMC
- PMC5274594
- OpenAlex
- W2501092250
- Cited by
- 29
- References
- 18
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 3
- FWCI
- 1.48
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- UEA Digital Repository (University of East Anglia) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Alzheimer's Association (NIRP‐12‐258380)
- Alzheimer's Society (AS‐SF‐14‐003)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Alzheimer's disease research and treatments
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Historical and Modern Theater Studies
- Keywords
- frontotemporal lobar degeneration, Alzheimer's disease, dementia severity, disease progression, Rasch analysis, psychometric properties, dementia assessment, differential diagnosis
- MeSH terms
- Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Alzheimer Disease, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Psychometrics, Sensitivity and Specificity, Reproducibility of Results, Disease Progression, Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration, Frontotemporal Dementia
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