The DOI matches its Crossref record; 69 of the 69 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
fMRI evidence for multisensory recruitment associated with rapid eye movements during sleep.
Open accessAbstract
We studied the neural correlates of rapid eye movement during sleep (REM) by timing REMs from video recording and using rapid event‐related functional MRI. Consistent with the hypothesis that REMs share the brain systems and mechanisms with waking eye movements and are visually‐targeted saccades, we found REM‐locked activation in the primary visual cortex, thalamic reticular nucleus (TRN), ‘visual claustrum’, retrosplenial cortex (RSC, only on the right hemisphere), fusiform gyrus, anterior cingulate cortex, and the oculomotor circuit that controls awake saccadic eye movements (and subserves awake visuospatial attention). Unexpectedly, robust activation also occurred in non‐visual sensory cortices, motor cortex, language areas, and the ascending reticular activating system, including basal forebrain, the major source of cholinergic input to the entire cortex. REM‐associated activation of these areas, especially non‐visual primary sensory cortices, TRN and claustrum, parallels findings from waking studies on the interactions between multiple sensory data, and their ‘binding’ into a unified percept, suggesting that these mechanisms are also shared in waking and dreaming and that the sharing goes beyond the expected visual scanning mechanisms. Surprisingly, REMs were associated with a decrease in signal in specific periventricular subregions, matching the distribution of the serotonergic supraependymal plexus. REMs might serve as a useful task‐free probe into major brain systems for functional brain imaging. Hum Brain Mapp 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“In short, two lines of research that initially appeared to contradict each other now converge on the view that REMs are involved in both the scanning and generation of dream imagery (Hong et al., 2009).”
From Virtual reality and consciousness inference in dreaming (2014) · cites this paper as Hong et al., 2009
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Finally, REM-locked activation is seen in primary somatosensory cortex, premotor cortex, vestibular cortex, insula, anterior cingulate cortex, putamen, and superior temporal gyrus (Hong et al., 2009).”
From Virtual reality and consciousness inference in dreaming (2014) · cites this paper as Hong et al., 2009
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Instead, REM-locked multisensory recruitment may reflect top-down priming of sensory cortex (Tallon-Baudry and Bertrand, 1999; Calvert and Thesen, 2004; Hong et al., 2009).”
From Virtual reality and consciousness inference in dreaming (2014) · cites this paper as Hong et al., 2009
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Rapid eye movement-locked activation in the primary sensory (olfactory or somatosensory) cortex does not necessarily correspond to an olfactory or somatosensory dream experience (Hong et al., 2009).”
From Virtual reality and consciousness inference in dreaming (2014) · cites this paper as Hong et al., 2009
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“First, REM-locked activation is greater in the posterior left hemisphere (Hong et al., 2009) that appears to be crucial for generation of dream imagery (Farah, 1984).”
From Virtual reality and consciousness inference in dreaming (2014) · cites this paper as Hong et al., 2009
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Second, REM-locked activation in language areas speaks to the involvement of association (semantic) cortex (Hong et al., 2009) and its reciprocal interaction with lower (sensory) cortex (e.g., Tallon-Baudry and Bertrand, 1999).”
From Virtual reality and consciousness inference in dreaming (2014) · cites this paper as Hong et al., 2009
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
A default mode of brain function
Raichle, M. E., MacLeod, A. M., Snyder, A. Z., Powers, W. J., Gusnard, D. A., & Shulman, G. L. (2001) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.98.2.676 · Cited by 12,190
Neurophysiological investigation of the basis of the fMRI signal
Logothetis, N. K., Pauls, J., Augath, M., Trinath, T., & Oeltermann, A. (2001) · Nature · doi:10.1038/35084005 · Cited by 6,551
Functional connectivity in the resting brain: a network analysis of the default mode hypothesis
Greicius, M. D., Krasnow, B., Reiss, A. L., & Menon, V. (2003) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0135058100 · Cited by 6,358
Cognitive and emotional influences in anterior cingulate cortex
Bush, G., Luu, P., & Posner, M. I. (2000) · Trends in Cognitive Sciences · doi:10.1016/s1364-6613(00)01483-2 · Cited by 6,259
Distributed and overlapping representations of faces and objects in ventral temporal cortex
Haxby, J. V., Gobbini, M. I., Furey, M. L., Ishai, A., Schouten, J. L., & Pietrini, P. (2001) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1063736 · Cited by 3,940
IARBUS, A. L. (1967) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 3,319
Yarbus, A. L. (1967) · doi:10.1007/978-1-4899-5379-7 · Cited by 3,304
Oscillatory gamma activity in humans and its role in object representation
Tallon‐Baudry, C. (1999) · Trends in Cognitive Sciences · doi:10.1016/s1364-6613(99)01299-1 · Cited by 2,205
Image And Brain: The Resolution of the Imagery Debate
Kosslyn, S. M. (1994) · doi:10.7551/mitpress/3653.001.0001 · Cited by 1,977
Function of the thalamic reticular complex: the searchlight hypothesis
Crick, F. (1984) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.81.14.4586 · Cited by 1,651
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
REM sleep and dreaming: towards a theory of protoconsciousness
Hobson, J. A. (2009) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn2716 · Cited by 625
Dreaming and the brain: from phenomenology to neurophysiology
Nir, Y., & Tononi, G. (2010) · Trends in Cognitive Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.tics.2009.12.001 · Cited by 595
Dreaming as mind wandering: evidence from functional neuroimaging and first-person content reports
Fox, K. C. R., Nijeboer, S., Solomonova, E., Domhoff, G. W., & Christoff, K. (2013) · Frontiers in Human Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnhum.2013.00412 · Cited by 289
Waking and dreaming consciousness: neurobiological and functional considerations.
Hobson, J. A., & Friston, K. J. (2012) · Progress in Neurobiology · doi:10.1016/j.pneurobio.2012.05.003 · Cited by 287
Virtual reality and consciousness inference in dreaming
Hobson, J. A., Hong, C. C.-H., & Friston, K. J. (2014) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2014.01133 · Cited by 197
“…in human subjects suggest that REMs are visually targeted eye movements – commanded by the forebrain – in response to visual dream images (Roffwarg et al., 1962; Herman Frontiers in Psychology | Cognitive Science October 2014 | Volume 5 | Article 1133 | 10 et al., 1984; Hong et al., 1995, 2009).”
BackgroundInfluentialSelf-citation
Metadata
- Authors
- Hong, C. C., Harris, J. C., Pearlson, G. D., Kim, J., Calhoun, V. D., Fallon, J. H., Golay, X., Gillen, J. S., Simmonds, D. J., van Zijl, P. C. M., Zee, D. S., & Pekar, J. J.
- Affiliations
- Johns Hopkins University (US)
- Hartford Hospital (US)
- University of California, Irvine (US)
- Kennedy Krieger Institute (US)
- Corresponding author
- Hong, Charles Chong‐Hwa
- ORCID
- Venue
- Human Brain Mapping
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2008-10-28
- Volume
- 30
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 1705-1722
- ISSN
- 1065-9471 (ISSN-L)
- 1097-0193
- PMC
- PMC2753360
- OpenAlex
- W2141802213
- Cited by
- 124
- References
- 69
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 7 · 2013: 10 · 2012: 6
- FWCI
- 3.97
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Human Brain Mapping (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- UCL Discovery (University College London) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Johns Hopkins University
- National Institute of Mental Health (R01 MH 43326, R01MH043326)
- National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (R01EB000840, R01EB020407, R01EB005846, P41EB015909, R01EB004130, R01EB006841)
- National Center for Research Resources (M01 RR-00052, P41RR15241, P41RR015241, M01RR000052)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Sleep and Wakefulness Research
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Visual perception and processing mechanisms
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and related disorders
- Keywords
- REM sleep, saccades, primary visual cortex, thalamic reticular nucleus, retrosplenial cortex, fusiform gyrus, anterior cingulate cortex, ascending reticular activating system, cholinergic input, multisensory integration
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Afferent Pathways, Brain, Brain Mapping, Electrooculography, Female, Fingers, Humans, Image Processing, Computer-Assisted, Functional Laterality, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Oxygen, Perception, Psychomotor Performance, Sensation, Sleep, Sleep, REM, Video Recording, Polysomnography, Young Adult
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
