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Cited by 124Sleep and Wakefulness ResearchVisual perception and processing mechanismsSleep and related disorders

fMRI evidence for multisensory recruitment associated with rapid eye movements during sleep.

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Hong, Charles Chong‐Hwa, Harris, James C., Pearlson, Godfrey D., Kim, Jin‐Suh, Calhoun, Vince D., Fallon, James H., Golay, Xavier, Gillen, Joseph S. +4 more·2009·Human Brain Mapping
DOI 10.1002/hbm.20635PMC PMC2753360
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Abstract

We studied the neural correlates of rapid eye movement during sleep (REM) by timing REMs from video recording and using rapid event‐related functional MRI. Consistent with the hypothesis that REMs share the brain systems and mechanisms with waking eye movements and are visually‐targeted saccades, we found REM‐locked activation in the primary visual cortex, thalamic reticular nucleus (TRN), ‘visual claustrum’, retrosplenial cortex (RSC, only on the right hemisphere), fusiform gyrus, anterior cingulate cortex, and the oculomotor circuit that controls awake saccadic eye movements (and subserves awake visuospatial attention). Unexpectedly, robust activation also occurred in non‐visual sensory cortices, motor cortex, language areas, and the ascending reticular activating system, including basal forebrain, the major source of cholinergic input to the entire cortex. REM‐associated activation of these areas, especially non‐visual primary sensory cortices, TRN and claustrum, parallels findings from waking studies on the interactions between multiple sensory data, and their ‘binding’ into a unified percept, suggesting that these mechanisms are also shared in waking and dreaming and that the sharing goes beyond the expected visual scanning mechanisms. Surprisingly, REMs were associated with a decrease in signal in specific periventricular subregions, matching the distribution of the serotonergic supraependymal plexus. REMs might serve as a useful task‐free probe into major brain systems for functional brain imaging. Hum Brain Mapp 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.

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  • Two lines of research that initially appeared to contradict each other now converge on the view that REMs are involved in both the scanning and generation of dream imagery.

    “In short, two lines of research that initially appeared to contradict each other now converge on the view that REMs are involved in both the scanning and generation of dream imagery (Hong et al., 2009).”

    From Virtual reality and consciousness inference in dreaming (2014) · cites this paper as Hong et al., 2009

    The Discussion section, “REMs May Be Visually Targeted Saccades” (page unavailable), says the findings are consistent with REMs scanning dream imagery and with a possible role in generating it. But it also says the study did not test the scanning hypothesis and does not establish that the two proposed roles have converged into a confirmed account. (LLM, conf=0.83)

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  • REM-locked activation is seen in primary somatosensory cortex, premotor cortex, vestibular cortex, insula, anterior cingulate cortex, putamen, and superior temporal gyrus.

    “Finally, REM-locked activation is seen in primary somatosensory cortex, premotor cortex, vestibular cortex, insula, anterior cingulate cortex, putamen, and superior temporal gyrus (Hong et al., 2009).”

    From Virtual reality and consciousness inference in dreaming (2014) · cites this paper as Hong et al., 2009

    The Results sections on sensory-perceptual engagement and visually targeted saccades report REM-locked activation in somatosensory and vestibular cortices, the insula, and anterior cingulate cortex. The Discussion also identifies the superior temporal gyrus and reports putamen activation from an earlier study. However, our copy names precentral motor cortex rather than premotor cortex, so that anatomical specification is not established. (LLM, conf=0.86)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

  • REM-locked multisensory recruitment may reflect top-down priming of sensory cortex.

    “Instead, REM-locked multisensory recruitment may reflect top-down priming of sensory cortex (Tallon-Baudry and Bertrand, 1999; Calvert and Thesen, 2004; Hong et al., 2009).”

    From Virtual reality and consciousness inference in dreaming (2014) · cites this paper as Hong et al., 2009

  • REM-locked activation in primary sensory (olfactory or somatosensory) cortex does not necessarily correspond to an olfactory or somatosensory dream experience.

    “Rapid eye movement-locked activation in the primary sensory (olfactory or somatosensory) cortex does not necessarily correspond to an olfactory or somatosensory dream experience (Hong et al., 2009).”

    From Virtual reality and consciousness inference in dreaming (2014) · cites this paper as Hong et al., 2009

  • REM-locked activation is greater in the posterior left hemisphere, which appears crucial for generation of dream imagery.

    “First, REM-locked activation is greater in the posterior left hemisphere (Hong et al., 2009) that appears to be crucial for generation of dream imagery (Farah, 1984).”

    From Virtual reality and consciousness inference in dreaming (2014) · cites this paper as Hong et al., 2009

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Authors
Hong, C. C., Harris, J. C., Pearlson, G. D., Kim, J., Calhoun, V. D., Fallon, J. H., Golay, X., Gillen, J. S., Simmonds, D. J., van Zijl, P. C. M., Zee, D. S., & Pekar, J. J.
Affiliations
  • Johns Hopkins University (US)
  • Hartford Hospital (US)
  • University of California, Irvine (US)
  • Kennedy Krieger Institute (US)
Corresponding author
Hong, Charles Chong‐Hwa
ORCID
Venue
Human Brain Mapping
Publisher
Wiley
Published
2008-10-28
Volume
30
Issue
5
Pages
1705-1722
ISSN
  • 1065-9471 (ISSN-L)
  • 1097-0193
DOI
10.1002/hbm.20635
PMC
PMC2753360
OpenAlex
W2141802213
Cited by
124
References
69
Citations by year
2026: 4 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 7 · 2013: 10 · 2012: 6
FWCI
3.97
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor (vor)
Locations
  • Human Brain Mapping (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • UCL Discovery (University College London) (submittedVersion)
Funders
  • Johns Hopkins University
  • National Institute of Mental Health (R01 MH 43326, R01MH043326)
  • National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (R01EB000840, R01EB020407, R01EB005846, P41EB015909, R01EB004130, R01EB006841)
  • National Center for Research Resources (M01 RR-00052, P41RR15241, P41RR015241, M01RR000052)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Sleep and Wakefulness Research
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Visual perception and processing mechanisms
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and related disorders
Keywords
REM sleep, saccades, primary visual cortex, thalamic reticular nucleus, retrosplenial cortex, fusiform gyrus, anterior cingulate cortex, ascending reticular activating system, cholinergic input, multisensory integration
MeSH terms
Adult, Afferent Pathways, Brain, Brain Mapping, Electrooculography, Female, Fingers, Humans, Image Processing, Computer-Assisted, Functional Laterality, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Oxygen, Perception, Psychomotor Performance, Sensation, Sleep, Sleep, REM, Video Recording, Polysomnography, Young Adult

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