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An integrative theory of locus coeruleus-norepinephrine function: adaptive gain and optimal performance

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The locus coeruleus–noradrenergic system: modulation of behavioral state and state-dependent cognitive processes

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The locus coeruleus and noradrenergic modulation of cognition

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Uncertainty, Neuromodulation, and Attention

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Orienting and reorienting: the locus coeruleus mediates cognition through arousal

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Failure to Regulate: Counterproductive Recruitment of Top-Down Prefrontal-Subcortical Circuitry in Major Depression

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Chewing and Cognitive Improvement: The Side Matters

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Attentional resource allocation among individuals with different fluid intelligence: The integrated control hypothesis and its evidence from pupillometry

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Pupillometry as a Potential Objective Measurement of Pain Assessment in Healthy Volunteers

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Eyes on Memory: Pupillometry in Encoding and Retrieval

Kafkas, A. (2024) · Vision · doi:10.3390/vision8020037 · Cited by 14

Role of the Medial Posterior Parietal Cortex in Orchestrating Attention and Reaching

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Detecting Intention Through Motor-Imagery-Triggered Pupil Dilations

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Arousal amplifies biased competition between high and low priority memories more in women than in men: The role of elevated noradrenergic activity

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Multiple object tracking and pupillometry reveal deficits in both selective and intensive attention in unilateral spatial neglect

Walle, K. M., Nordvik, J. E., Espeseth, T., Becker, F., & Laeng, B. (2018) · Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology · doi:10.1080/13803395.2018.1536735 · Cited by 14

Confirmation bias and misconceptions: Pupillometric evidence for a confirmation bias in misconceptions feedback

Sleegers, W. W. A., Proulx, T., & van Beest, I. (2019) · Biological Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.biopsycho.2019.03.018 · Cited by 13

Factors Influencing Saccadic Reaction Time: Effect of Task Modality, Stimulus Saliency, Spatial Congruency of Stimuli, and Pupil Size

Yamagishi, S., & Furukawa, S. (2020) · Frontiers in Human Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnhum.2020.571893 · Cited by 13

Computer Vision for Brain Disorders Based Primarily on Ocular Responses

Li, X., Fan, F., Chen, X., Li, J., Li, N., Lin, K., Chen, Z., Qin, Z., Yeung, A., Li, X., et al. (2021) · Frontiers in Neurology · doi:10.3389/fneur.2021.584270 · Cited by 14

A Glimpse of Memory Through the Eyes: Pupillary Responses Measured During Encoding Reflect the Likelihood of Subsequent Memory Recall in an Auditory Free Recall Test

Micula, A., Rönnberg, J., Książek, P., Nielsen, R. M., Wendt, D., Fiedler, L., & Ng, E. H. N. (2022) · Trends in Hearing · doi:10.1177/23312165221130581 · Cited by 13

How uncertain are you? Disentangling expected and unexpected uncertainty in pupil-linked brain arousal during reversal learning

Pajkossy, P., Gesztesi, G., & Racsmány, M. (2023) · Cognitive Affective & Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.3758/s13415-023-01072-w · Cited by 15

Standard Correction of Vision Worsens EMG Activity of Pericranial Muscles in Chronic TMD Subjects

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Pupil dilation indexes automatic and dynamic inference about the precision of stimulus distributions

Silvestrin, F., Penny, W. D., & FitzGerald, T. H. B. (2021) · Journal of Mathematical Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.jmp.2021.102503 · Cited by 12

Predicting Product Preferences on Retailers’ Web Shops through Measurement of Gaze and Pupil Size Dynamics

Loon, G. V., Hermsen, F., & Naber, M. (2022) · Journal of Cognition · doi:10.5334/joc.240 · Cited by 12

Mobilizing effort to reduce lapses of sustained attention: examining the effects of content-free cues, feedback, and points

Nash Unsworth, A., Robison, M. K., & Miller, A. L. (2024) · Cognitive Affective & Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.3758/s13415-024-01254-0 · Cited by 12

Stimulate to Remember? The Effects of Short Burst of Transcutaneous Vagus Nerve Stimulation ( taVNS ) on Memory Performance and Pupil Dilation

Ludwig, M., Betts, M. J., & Hämmerer, D. (2025) · Psychophysiology · doi:10.1111/psyp.14753 · Cited by 14

Neural mechanisms of resource allocation in working memory

Li, H.-H., Sprague, T. C., Yoo, A. H., Ma, W. J., & Curtis, C. E. (2025) · Science Advances · doi:10.1126/sciadv.adr8015 · Cited by 12

Pupil-linked arousal, cortical activity, and cognition in Alzheimer’s disease

David, M., Mallas, E., Li, L. M., Kolanko, M., Nilforooshan, R., Tsoi, M. L., Karakoc, H., Hoang, K., Brandt, J., Triantafyllou, C., et al. (2025) · Brain Communications · doi:10.1093/braincomms/fcaf236 · Cited by 14

Pupil Dilation Fulfills the Requirements for Dynamic Difficulty Adjustment in Gaming on the Example of Pong

Strauch, C., Barthelmäs, M., Altgassen, E., & Huckauf, A. (2020) · ACM Symposium on Eye Tracking Research and Applications (ETRA) · doi:10.1145/3379157.3388934 · Cited by 12

Causal Role of Noradrenaline in the Timing of Internally Generated Saccades in Monkeys

Suzuki, T. W., & Tanaka, M. (2017) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2017.10.003 · Cited by 12

Low Cost Eye Tracking: Ready for Individual Differences Research?

Sibley, C. M., Foroughi, C. K., Brown, N. L., & Coyne, J. T. (2018) · Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting · doi:10.1177/1541931218621168 · Cited by 12

Expectancy modulates pupil size both during endogenous orienting and during re‐orienting of spatial attention: A study with isoluminant stimuli

Lasaponara, S., Fortunato, G., Dragone, A., PELLEGRINO, M. A., Marson, F., Silvetti, M., Pinto, M., D'Onofrio, M., & Doricchi, F. (2019) · European Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1111/ejn.14391 · Cited by 12

Integration of Simultaneous Resting-State Electroencephalography, Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging, and Eye-Tracker Methods to Determine and Verify Electroencephalography Vigilance Measure

Mayeli, A., Zoubi, O. A., Misaki, M., Stewart, J. L., Zotev, V. S., Luo, Q., Phillips, R., Fischer, S., Götz, M., Paulus, M. P., et al. (2020) · Brain Connectivity · doi:10.1089/brain.2019.0731 · Cited by 12

Pupillometry as a Window into Young Children’s Sustained Attention

Benitez, V. L., & Robison, M. K. (2022) · Journal of Intelligence · doi:10.3390/jintelligence10040107 · Cited by 13

Nonlinear changes in pupillary attentional orienting responses across the lifespan

Riley, E., Turker, H. B., Wang, D., Swallow, K. M., Anderson, A. K., & Rosa, E. D. (2023) · GeroScience · doi:10.1007/s11357-023-00834-1 · Cited by 11

Autonomic Nervous System Functioning in ADHD

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Temporal Information Processing in the Cerebellum and Basal Ganglia

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Comparison of Pupil Dilation Responses to Unexpected Sounds in Monkeys and Humans

Selezneva, E., Brosch, M., Rathi, S., Vighneshvel, T., & Wetzel, N. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2021.754604 · Cited by 11

Auditory disturbances in patients with complex regional pain syndrome

Drummond, P. D., & Finch, P. M. (2022) · Pain · doi:10.1097/j.pain.0000000000002766 · Cited by 11

Differentiating between Bayesian parameter learning and structure learning based on behavioural and pupil measures

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Attention Mobilization as a Modulator of Listening Effort: Evidence From Pupillometry

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Linking Indices of Tonic Alertness: Resting-State Pupil Dilation and Cingulo-Opercular Neural Activity

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Neural Underpinnings of Decision Strategy Selection: A Review and a Theoretical Model

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Top-down control of the left visual field bias in cued visual spatial attention

Meyyappan, S., Rajan, A., Mangun, G. R., & Ding, M. (2022) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/bhac402 · Cited by 11

TENS effects on salivary stress markers: A pilot study

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A gaze interactive assembly instruction with pupillometric recording

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EEG assessment of brain dysfunction for patients with chronic primary pain and depression under auditory oddball task

Li, Y., Yang, B., Wang, Z., Huang, R., Lu, X., Bi, X., & Zhou, S. (2023) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2023.1133834 · Cited by 10

Pupil dilation reveals the intensity of touch

Brink, A. F. T., Heiner, I., Dijkerman, H. C., & Strauch, C. (2024) · Psychophysiology · doi:10.1111/psyp.14538 · Cited by 10

Correlated P300b and phasic pupil‐dilation responses to motivationally significant stimuli

Menicucci, D., Animali, S., Malloggi, E., Gemignani, A., Bonanni, E., Fornai, F., Giorgi, F. S., & Binda, P. (2024) · Psychophysiology · doi:10.1111/psyp.14550 · Cited by 10

Cortical Networks Relating to Arousal Are Differentially Coupled to Neural Activity and Hemodynamics

Meyer-Baese, L., Morrissette, A. E., Wang, Y., Chatelier, B. L., Borden, P. Y., Keilholz, S. D., Stanley, G. B., & Jaeger, D. (2024) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.0298-23.2024 · Cited by 11

Individual differences in belief updating and phasic arousal are related to psychosis proneness

Murphy, P. R., Krkovic, K., Monov, G., Kudlek, N., Lincoln, T. M., & Donner, T. H. (2024) · Communications Psychology · doi:10.1038/s44271-024-00140-2 · Cited by 11

Probing locus coeruleus functional network in healthy aging and its association with Alzheimer’s disease biomarkers using pupillometry

Wu, J., Toporek, A., Lin, Q., Goldstein, F. C., Loring, D. W., Kelberman, M. A., Weinshenker, D., Levey, A. I., Lah, J. J., & Qiu, D. (2025) · Alzheimer s Research & Therapy · doi:10.1186/s13195-025-01701-1 · Cited by 10

The Interplay of Spontaneous Pupil‐Size Fluctuations and EEG Power in Near‐Threshold Detection

Ruuskanen, V., Boehler, C. N., & Mathôt, S. (2025) · Psychophysiology · doi:10.1111/psyp.70035 · Cited by 11

Multimodal state-dependent connectivity analysis of arousal and autonomic centers in the brainstem and basal forebrain

Pourmotabbed, H., Martin, C. G., Goodale, S. E., Doss, D. J., Wang, S., Bayrak, R. G., Kang, H., Morgan, V. L., Englot, D. J., & Chang, C. (2025) · Imaging Neuroscience · doi:10.1162/imag.a.91 · Cited by 10

Shouting strengthens maximal voluntary force and is associated with augmented pupillary dilation

Takarada, Y., & Nozaki, D. (2021) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-021-97949-2 · Cited by 11

Early phase of pupil dilation is mediated by the peripheral parasympathetic pathway

Marumo, C., & Nakano, T. (2021) · Journal of Neurophysiology · doi:10.1152/jn.00401.2021 · Cited by 10

Slow fluctuations in ongoing brain activity decrease in amplitude with ageing yet their impact on task-related evoked responses is dissociable from behavior

Ribeiro, M. J., & Castelo-Branco, M. S. (2022) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.75722 · Cited by 12

Salient omissions—pupil dilation in response to unexpected omissions of sound and touch

Dercksen, T., Widmann, A., & Wetzel, N. (2023) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1143931 · Cited by 11

A Primer on Design and Data Analysis for Cognitive Pupillometry

Reilly, J. J., Zuckerman, B. M., & Kelly, A. E. (2024) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-54896-3_14 · Cited by 10

How does social information affect charitable giving?: Empathic concern promotes support for underdog recipient

Saito, Y., Ueshima, A., Tanida, S., & Kameda, T. (2019) · Social Neuroscience · doi:10.1080/17470919.2019.1599421 · Cited by 10

Pupillary response to light and tasks in early and late onset essential tremor patients

Becktepe, J. S., Gövert, F., Kasiske, L., Yalaz, M., Witt, K., & Deuschl, G. (2019) · Parkinsonism & Related Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.parkreldis.2019.07.004 · Cited by 10

Pupil dilation during orienting of attention and conscious detection of visual targets in patients with left spatial neglect

Lasaponara, S., Fortunato, G., Conversi, D., PELLEGRINO, M. A., Pinto, M., Collins, D. L., Tomaiuolo, F., & Doricchi, F. (2020) · Cortex · doi:10.1016/j.cortex.2020.10.021 · Cited by 10

Saying “yes” when you want to say “no” - pupil dilation reflects evidence accumulation in a visual working memory recognition task

Lewandowska, K., Gągol, A., Sikora-Wachowicz, B., Marek, T., & Fąfrowicz, M. (2019) · International Journal of Psychophysiology · doi:10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2019.03.001 · Cited by 11

Retrieval practice decreases processing load of recall: Evidence revealed by pupillometry

Pajkossy, P., Szöllősi, Á., & Racsmány, M. (2019) · International Journal of Psychophysiology · doi:10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2019.07.002 · Cited by 10

Effortful Bayesian updating: A pupil-dilation study

Alós‐Ferrer, C., Jaudas, A., & Ritschel, A. (2021) · Journal of Risk and Uncertainty · doi:10.1007/s11166-021-09358-5 · Cited by 10

Dynamics of brainstem arousal systems and pupil size predict cortical interactions for flexible decision-makingPreprint

van den Brink, R. L., Hagena, K., Wilming, N., Murphy, P. R., Calder-Travis, J. M., Finsterbusch, J., Büchel, C., & Donner, T. H. (2023) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2023.12.05.570327 · Cited by 9

Aging and Attention

Robertson, I. H., & Dockree, P. M. (2019) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108554350.010 · Cited by 9

Pupil size tracks cue–trace interactions during episodic memory retrieval

Siefert, E. M., He, M., Festa, E. K., & Heindel, W. C. (2023) · Psychophysiology · doi:10.1111/psyp.14409 · Cited by 10

Acute moderate-intensity aerobic exercise facilitates processing speed involving inhibitory control but not neuroelectric index of control process and cognitive integration

Hsieh, S., McGowan, A. L., Chandler, M. C., & Pontifex, M. B. (2024) · International Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology · doi:10.1080/1612197x.2024.2365374 · Cited by 9

Task-irrelevant stimuli reliably boost phasic pupil-linked arousal but do not affect decision formation

Hebisch, J., Ghassemieh, A.-C., Zhecheva, E., Brouwer, M., van Gaal, S., Schwabe, L., Donner, T. H., & de Gee, J. W. (2024) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-024-78791-8 · Cited by 10

Aperiodic spectral slope tracks the effects of brain state on saliency responses in the human auditory cortex

Mocchi, M. M., Bartoli, E., Magnotti, J. F., de Gee, J. W., Metzger, B. A., Pascuzzi, B., Mathura, R. K., Pulapaka, S., Goodman, W. K., Sheth, S. A., et al. (2024) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-024-80911-3 · Cited by 9

Pupil size as a biomarker of cognitive (dys)functions: Toward a physiologically informed screening of mental states

Castellotti, S., Castaldi, E., Blini, E., & Arrighi, R. (2025) · Acta Psychologica · doi:10.1016/j.actpsy.2025.104720 · Cited by 12

Trait anxiety affects attentional bias to emotional stimuli across time: A growth curve analysis

Xing, C., Zhang, Y., Lü, H., Zhu, X., & Miao, D. (2022) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2022.972892 · Cited by 9

Zoom behavior during visual search modulates pupil diameter and reflects adaptive control states

Brunyé, T. T., Drew, T. W., Kerr, K. F., Shucard, H. L., Powell, K., Weaver, D. L., & Elmore, J. G. (2023) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0282616 · Cited by 9

Effects of Adult Age and Functioning of the Locus Coeruleus Norepinephrinergic System on Reward-Based Learning

Chen, H.-Y., Marxen, M., Dahl, M. J., & Glöckner, F. (2023) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.2006-22.2023 · Cited by 9

Are the P600 and P3 ERP components linked to the task‐evoked pupillary response as a correlate of norepinephrine activity?

Contier, F., Wartenburger, I., Weymar, M., & Rabovsky, M. (2024) · Psychophysiology · doi:10.1111/psyp.14565 · Cited by 12

Identifying the bioimaging features of Alzheimer’s disease based on pupillary light response-driven brain-wide fMRI in awake mice

Liu, X., Hike, D., Choi, S., Man, W., Ran, C., Zhou, X. A., Jiang, Y., & Yu, X. (2024) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-024-53878-y · Cited by 9

Paced Breathing Associated With Pupil Diameter Oscillations at the Same Rate and Reduced Lapses in Attention

Andrews, R., Melnychuk, M. C., Moran, S., Walsh, T., Boylan, S., & Dockree, P. M. (2025) · Psychophysiology · doi:10.1111/psyp.70003 · Cited by 9

Pupil Diameter and Performance in a Supervisory Control Task: A Measure of Effort or Individual Differences?

Coyne, J. T., Foroughi, C. K., & Sibley, C. M. (2017) · Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting · doi:10.1177/1541931213601689 · Cited by 9

Baseline Intraocular Pressure Is Associated With Subjective Sensitivity to Physical Exertion in Young Males

Vera, J., Jiménez, R., García, J. A. G., Perales, J. C., & Vélez, D. C. (2017) · Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport · doi:10.1080/02701367.2017.1407491 · Cited by 9

Hyper-Reactivity to Salience Limits Social Interaction Among Infants Born Pre-term and Infant Siblings of Children With ASD

Zivan, M., Morag, I., Yarmolovsky, J., & Geva, R. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2021.646838 · Cited by 9

Effects of Locus Coeruleus Activation on n-Back Performance and Frontoparietal Activity

Negelspach, D., Alkozei, A., Huskey, A., & Killgore, W. D. S. (2024) · Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1162/jocn_a_02252 · Cited by 9

Salient, Unexpected Omissions of Sounds Can Involuntarily Distract Attention

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Chong, S. D., & Baldwin, C. L. (2021) · Frontiers in Neuroergonomics · doi:10.3389/fnrgo.2021.765322 · Cited by 8

Independent effects of emotional arousal and reward anticipation on episodic memory formation

Gieske, A., & Sommer, T. (2022) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/bhac359 · Cited by 8

Isometric handgrip exercise speeds working memory responses in younger and older adults.

Bachman, S. L., Attanti, S., & Mather, M. (2023) · Psychology and Aging · doi:10.1037/pag0000728 · Cited by 8

On the relationship of arousal and attentional distraction by emotional novel sounds

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Locus coeruleus microstructural integrity is associated with vigilance vulnerability to sleep deprivation

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IR-camera-based measurements of 2D/3D cognitive fatigue in 2D/3D display system using task-evoked pupillary response

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How the size of the to-be-learned material influences the encoding and later retrieval of associative memories: A pupillometric assessment

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Early posterior negativity indicates time dilation by arousal

Özoğlu, E., & Thomaschke, R. (2020) · Experimental Brain Research · doi:10.1007/s00221-020-05991-9 · Cited by 8

Processing of emotional faces in sexual offenders with and without child victims: An eye-tracking study with pupillometry

Gillespie, S. M., Mitchell, I., Beech, A. R., & Rotshtein, P. (2021) · Biological Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.biopsycho.2021.108141 · Cited by 8

Auditory spatial attention gradients and cognitive control as a function of vigilance

Golob, E. J., Nelson, J. T., Scheuerman, J., Venable, K. B., & Mock, J. R. (2021) · Psychophysiology · doi:10.1111/psyp.13903 · Cited by 9

The Unfolding of Cognitive Effort During Sentence Processing: Pupillometric Evidence From People With and Without Aphasia

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Trial‐wise exposure to visual emotional cues increases physiological arousal but not temporal discounting

Knauth, K., & Peters, J. (2022) · Psychophysiology · doi:10.1111/psyp.13996 · Cited by 9

Spectral Fingerprints of Cortical Neuromodulation

Radetz, A., & Siegel, M. (2022) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.1801-21.2022 · Cited by 9

Erotic cue exposure increases physiological arousal, biases choices toward immediate rewards, and attenuates model‐based reinforcement learning

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