Oppositional Defiant and Conduct Disorder: A Review of the Past 10 Years, Part I

LOEBER, ROLF; BURKE, JEFFREY D.; LAHEY, BENJAMIN B.; WINTERS, ALAINA; ZERA, MARCIE

doi:10.1097/00004583-200012000-00007

Cited by 1,192Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional DevelopmentPsychopathy, Forensic Psychiatry, Sexual OffendingPersonality Disorders and Psychopathology

Oppositional Defiant and Conduct Disorder: A Review of the Past 10 Years, Part I

LOEBER, ROLF, BURKE, JEFFREY D., LAHEY, BENJAMIN B., WINTERS, ALAINA, ZERA, MARCIE·2000·Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry

DOI 10.1097/00004583-200012000-00007

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Abstract

Objective To review empirical findings on oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) and conduct disorder (CD).Method Selected summaries of the literature over the past decade are presented.Results Evidence supports a distinction between the symptoms of ODD and many symptoms of CD, but there is controversy about whether aggressive symptoms should be considered to be part of ODD or CD. CD is clearly heterogenous, but further research is needed regarding the most useful subtypes. Some progress has been made in documenting sex differences. Symptoms that are more serious, more atypical for the child's sex, or more age-atypical appear to be prognostic of serious dysfunction. Progress has been made in the methods for assessment of ODD and CD, but some critical issues, such as combined information from different informants, remains to be addressed. A proportion of children with ODD later develop CD, and a proportion of those with CD later meet criteria for antisocial personality disorder. ODD and CD frequently co-occur with other psychiatric conditions.Conclusions Although major advances in the study of the prevalence and course of ODD and CD have occurred in the past decade, some key issues remain unanswered.

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Deficient motivational gradients may also be related to ODD.
“Our findings suggest that deficient motivational gradients may also be related to ODD, a frequent precursor to early-onset CD (Loeber et al. 2000).”
From Risk taking and sensitivity to punishment in children with ADHD, ODD, ADHD+ODD, and controls (2011) · cites this paper as Loeber et al. 2000

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Self-citation

Authors: LOEBER, R., BURKE, J. D., LAHEY, B. B., WINTERS, A., & ZERA, M.
Affiliations: University of Pittsburgh (US)
Corresponding author: LOEBER, ROLF
ORCID: BURKE, JEFFREY D.
Venue: Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2000-12
Volume: 39
Issue: 12
Pages: 1468-1484
ISSN: 0890-8567 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1097/00004583-200012000-00007
OpenAlex: W2095007892
Cited by: 1,192
References: 204
Citations by year: 2026: 6 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 13 · 2023: 26 · 2022: 28 · 2021: 28 · 2020: 36 · 2019: 38 · 2018: 57 · 2017: 89 · 2016: 54 · 2015: 64 · 2014: 71 · 2013: 69 · 2012: 77
FWCI: 4.93
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations: Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: NIMH (grant MH 42529, grant MH 50778)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychopathy, Forensic Psychiatry, Sexual Offending
Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Personality Disorders and Psychopathology
Keywords: oppositional defiant disorder, conduct disorder, sex differences, prognosis, informant-based assessment, antisocial personality disorder, comorbidities, symptom heterogeneity, child and adolescent psychiatric disorders
MeSH terms: Adolescent, Adult, Child, Diagnosis, Differential, Female, Humans, Male, Prognosis, Sex Factors, Comorbidity, Prevalence, Age of Onset, Conduct Disorder, Attention Deficit and Disruptive Behavior Disorders

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Oppositional Defiant and Conduct Disorder: A Review of the Past 10 Years, Part I

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