Cited by 69Racial and Ethnic Identity ResearchCounseling Practices and SupervisionSocial and Intergroup Psychology

Oppression Within Safe Spaces: Exploring Racial Microaggressions Within Domestic Violence Shelters

Nnawulezi, Nkiru A., Sullivan, Cris M.·2014·Journal of Black Psychology

Abstract

Racial microaggressions are often unintentional and subtle forms of racism that manifest in interpersonal communications, behaviors, or environments. The purpose of this study was to explore the presence of racial microaggressions within domestic violence shelters and to understand how women respond to them. Using a phenomenological approach to data collection and analysis, 14 Black women from 3 different shelters were interviewed. Twelve women reported experiencing at least one racial microaggression, although few identified the experience as racist. Additional themes were also examined to understand why women did not identify their experiences of racial microaggressions as racist. Implications for research and practice are discussed.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1177/0095798413500072

Cites

50 of 50 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

This paper’s full text isn’t openly available, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Cites

Flagged first, then by citations

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Authors
Nnawulezi, N. A., & Sullivan, C. M.
Affiliations
Michigan State University (US)
Venue
Journal of Black Psychology
Published
2013-08-07
Volume
40
Issue
6
Pages
563-591
ISSN
  • 0095-7984 (ISSN-L)
  • 1552-4558
OpenAlex
W2155636458
Cited by
69
References
50
Citations by year
2026: 6 · 2025: 15 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 5
FWCI
5.14
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
Journal of Black Psychology (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Racial and Ethnic Identity Research
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Counseling Practices and Supervision
  • Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Social and Intergroup Psychology
Keywords
racial microaggressions, women's shelters, Black women, racism, safe spaces, intimate partner violence

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review