Cited by 984Student Stress and CopingPsychometric Methodologies and TestingAnxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes

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Further psychometric support for the 10-item version of the Perceived Stress Scale

Roberti, Jonathan W., Harrington, Lisa N., Storch, Eric A.·2006·Journal of College Counseling

DOI 10.1002/j.2161-1882.2006.tb00100.x

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Abstract

Because of increased stress conditions in college students, updated psychometrics of the Perceived Stress Scale, 10‐item version (PSS‐10; S. Cohen & G. Williamson, 1988) are necessary. Participants were 281 undergraduates at 3 public universities. An exploratory factor analysis revealed a 2‐factor structure measuring Perceived Helplessness and Perceived Self‐Efficacy. Normative results, internal consistencies, and construct validity were supported. The current findings reveal that the PSS‐10 is a reliable and valid instrument for assessment of perceived stress in college students.

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Salguedo-Madrid, M., Mo-Carrascal, J., Castro, Á. M., & Monterrosa-Castro, A. (2013) · Revista Ciencias Biomédicas · doi:10.32997/rcb-2013-2830 · Cited by 8
Examining the factor structure of the perceived ethnic discrimination questionnaire in a sample of Australian university students
Pieterse, A. L., Nicolas, A. I., & Monachino, C. (2016) · International Journal of Culture and Mental Health · doi:10.1080/17542863.2016.1265998 · Cited by 6
“Support for construct validity with college samples has been noted with significant positive correlation among scores on the PSS, as well as measures of depression, anxiety, lower selfesteem and externalized locus of control over health (Chambers et al., 1998; Roberti et al., 2006).”
Background
Reported restorative experiences associated with everyday activities among university students
Atler, K. E., & Sharp, J. L. (2019) · British Journal of Occupational Therapy · doi:10.1177/0308022619859158 · Cited by 7
“89) when used with a sample of 285 university students (Roberti et al., 2006).”
BackgroundMethodInfluential
Prevalence of hypertension and its risk factors among high school children in Bangalore, India
Srirama, S., & Subramanian, M. (2020) · International Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health · doi:10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20200945 · Cited by 6
“Cohen’s Perceived Stress Scale was used to measure the stress among the adolescents.(16) Students with scores above the 95 Percentile were categorized as having high stress.”
Method
Need for care, adversity exposure and perceived stress in clinical and healthy voice-hearers
Baumeister, D., Ward, T., Garety, P. A., Jackson, M. C., Morgan, C., Charalambides, M., Chadwick, P., Howes, O. D., & PETERS, E. R. (2020) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291720002433 · Cited by 6
Therapeutic Use of the Elkins Hypnotizability Scale: A Feasibility Study
Yek, M. H., & Elkins, G. R. (2021) · International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis · doi:10.1080/00207144.2021.1831390 · Cited by 6
“The PSS-10 was shown to be positively correlated with anxiety, demonstrating convergent validity (Roberti et al., 2006).”
BackgroundMethodInfluential
Iron fists and velvet gloves: Investigating the associations between the stringency of governments’ responses to COVID‐19, stress, and compliance in the early stages of the pandemic
Ćepulić, D., Travaglino, G. A., Chrona, S., Uzelac, E., Jeftić, A., Reyna, C., & Kowal, M. (2021) · British Journal of Social Psychology · doi:10.1111/bjso.12506 · Cited by 5
“PSS- 10 has a two- factor structure (i.e., a positive and a negative factor, with the latter consisting of reversed items; Chaaya et al., 2010; Roberti et al., 2006) and is generally considered a highly reliable measure of stress (Taylor, 2015).”
Background
Work-related stress among headteachers in Wales: Prevalence, sources, and solutions
Scott, S., Limbert, C., & Sykes, P. (2021) · Educational Management Administration & Leadership · doi:10.1177/17411432211054630 · Cited by 9
“Although the PSS is not a diagnostic tool capable of diagnosing psychological symptomatology, it does provide an indication of who may be at risk of developing stress-related health issues (Roberti, Harrington and Storch, 2006).”
Background
Optimists and Realists: A Latent Class Analysis of Students Graduating from High School during COVID-19 and Impacts on Affect and Well-Being
Zdravković, A., & Goldstein, A. L. (2023) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph20032120 · Cited by 6
Understanding Stress in International Students of Higher education in a Mexican Private University
Araiza, M. J., & Kutugata, A. (2013) · Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.sbspro.2013.12.368 · Cited by 6
Perceived stress levels and health promoting behaviors among NAIA and NCAA Division I student athletes
Divin, A. L. (2009) · SHAREOK (University of Oklahoma; Oklahoma State University; Central Oklahoma University) · Cited by 6
The Impact of Virtual Reality Immersive Light Art on Anxiety Reduction: Exploring the Role of Color Combinations and Emotional Perception
Lu, S.-Y., & Li, Q. (2025) · International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction · doi:10.1080/10447318.2025.2518331 · Cited by 5
“…Anxiety Inventory procedure measures the intensity of the ner-vousness, depression, or anxiety experienced by an individual at a specific time, and the trait anxiety inventory measures how an individual generally feels (Hofmann & Smits, 2008; Knowles & Olatunji, 2020; Roberti et al., 2006).”
Prenatal obsessive beliefs predict postpartum obsessive-compulsive symptoms: a prospective study
Abramowitz, J. S., Hellberg, S. N., Krasnow, J., Friedman, J. B., Myers, N. S., Nestadt, P. S., Ojalehto, H. J., Juel, E. K., SAMUELS, J. F., Kimmel, M., et al. (2025) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2025.116620 · Cited by 5
Self-citation
Evaluating the mySugr diabetes app: A randomised controlled trial exploring changes in HbA1c and psychological outcomes in adults with type 1 diabetes
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Moderators of the Relationship Between Pain and Pain-Related Sexual Disability in Women with Provoked Vestibulodynia Symptoms
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Childhood exposure to parental threatening behaviors and anxiety in emerging adulthood: Indirect effects of perceived stress
Trent, E. S., Viana, A. G., Raines, E. M., Conroy, H. E., Silva, K., Storch, E. A., & Zvolensky, M. J. (2023) · Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1002/jclp.23516 · Cited by 5
Self-citation
Assessing unsafe behaviors and their relationship with work-related factors among EMS staff in Iran: a cross-sectional study
Asadi-JabehDar, R., Dashti-Kalantar, R., Mehri, S., Mirzaei, A., & Soola, A. H. (2024) · BMC Emergency Medicine · doi:10.1186/s12873-024-00980-5 · Cited by 5
“The PSS-10 possesses adequate internal consistency, with Cronbach’s alpha coefficients ranging from 0.67 to 0.91 [38–40].”
MethodInfluential
A Semester of Hatha Yoga Has Comparable Effects to Physical Education for Children in Terms of Physical Activity and Psychosocial Indicators
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“A study conducted by Roberti, Harrington, and Storch [23] found the perceived stress scale to be a reliable and valid instrument for college students.”
Background
Relationships Among Occupation/Activity Patterns, Health and Stress Perceptions, and Life Orientation in Well Adults
White, B. P., Ma, A., & Whitney, D. (2014) · The Open Journal of Occupational Therapy · doi:10.15453/2168-6408.1088 · Cited by 5
The Need for a Neutral Speaking Period in Psychosocial Stress Testing
Grimley, S. J., Ko, C. M., Morrell, H. E. R., Grace, F., Bañuelos, M., Bautista, B. R., Chavez, G. N., Dalrymple, E. R., Green, M., Gurning, J., et al. (2018) · Journal of Psychophysiology · doi:10.1027/0269-8803/a000228 · Cited by 5
“Psychological measure scores (M ± SD) of the sample compared to normative values from (Herman et al., 2011; Roberti et al., 2006; Spielberger & Gorsuch, 1983) Normative values Men (n = 14) Women (n = 27) Men Women STAI-S 34.9 ± 10.3 38.8 ± 9.6 36.5 ± 10.0 38.8 ± 12.0 STAI-T 38.6 ± 13.0 42.6 ± 14.3…”
Influential
What do undergraduates with high levels of childhood adversity want to cope with stress?
Karatekin, C., & Ahluwalia, R. (2020) · Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1002/jclp.23022 · Cited by 5
Stress Tracker—Detecting Acute Stress From a Trackpad: Controlled Study
Goel, R., An, M., Alayrangues, H., Koneshloo, A., Lincoln, E. T., & Paredes, P. E. (2020) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/22743 · Cited by 5
“Self-reported stress (SRS) can be measured through the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) [10,11].”
MethodInfluential
The impact of COVID-19 on rural treatment-seeking families with children with overweight or obesity
Forseth, B. M., Dean, K. M., Murray, M., Killian, H. J., Bakula, D. M., Romine, R. S., Fleming, K., Befort, C. A., England, K., Bhagat, R., et al. (2022) · Children s Health Care · doi:10.1080/02739615.2022.2041419 · Cited by 5
Blood Pressure and Blood Glucose Control and Associated Factors Among Adults with Hypertension at Three Public Hospitals in Southern Ethiopia
Sorato, M. M., Davari, M., Kebriaeezadeh, A., Sarrafzadegan, N., & Shibru, T. (2022) · High Blood Pressure & Cardiovascular Prevention · doi:10.1007/s40292-022-00516-7 · Cited by 5
Impact of Covid-19 outbreak on stress and depression among Indian football players
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Resilience, Generalized Self-Efficacy, and Mindfulness as Moderators of the Relationship Between Stress and Well-Being
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Public Child Welfare Adoption: The adoptive parent and adolescent adoptee perception of adoption outcomes
Wood, Z. B. (2012) · OhioLink ETD Center (Ohio Library and Information Network) · Cited by 5
Effectiveness of a Web- and Mobile-Guided Psychological Intervention for Depressive Symptoms in Turkey: Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial
İnce, B. Ü., Gökçay, D., Riper, H. M., & Cuijpers, P. J. (2019) · JMIR Research Protocols · doi:10.2196/13239 · Cited by 5
“It consists of 14 items originally, but it can also be assessed in a short form of 10, for which the total score range is 0 to 40 [47].”
Psoriasis affects self‐perception of stress negatively: A prospective, case‐control study
Karabay, E. A., İzci, N. M. F., & Aksoy, B. (2020) · Dermatologic Therapy · doi:10.1111/dth.13864 · Cited by 5
“The PSS consists of two subscales that measure perceived helplessness (PH) and perceived self-efficacy (PSE).(7) As far as we know, the subscales of PSS have not been examined in patients with psoriasis.”
Background
The role of aberrant salience in the association between cannabis use frequency and psychotic experiences among racial and ethnic minoritized youth.
Anglin, D. M., Tikhonov, A. A., Tayler, R., & Devylder, J. (2021) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/j.schres.2021.09.016 · Cited by 5
Structural analysis and reliability of the Perceived Stress Scale in nursing professionals from Peru
Domínguez-Lara, S., Merino‐Soto, C., & Torres-Villalobos, G. (2022) · Enfermería Clínica (English Edition) · doi:10.1016/j.enfcle.2022.01.001 · Cited by 8
Predicting Perceived Stress in Students: A Comparison of Two Theoretical Models
Dickhäuser, L., Koddebusch, C., & Hermann, C. (2022) · Journal of College Student Mental Health · doi:10.1080/87568225.2022.2119185 · Cited by 8
“First, while the ratio of male to female participants was representative of the quota of females in the student population, stress levels were quite high compared to other samples (Klein et al., 2016; Roberti et al., 2006; Tavolacci et al., 2013).”
Result
Individual and Work-Related Predictors of Exhaustion in East and West Germany
Braunheim, L., Otten, D., Kasinger, C., Brähler, E., & Beutel, M. E. (2022) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph191811533 · Cited by 5
“The correlation with the first factor of the PSS-10, which indicates perceived helplessness [30], was high and positive (r = 0.”
Background
Cross-Cultural Differences in Psychological Health, Perceived Stress, and Coping Strategies of University Students During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Mohamed, N. H., Beckstein, A. S., Hutchings, P. B., Pang, N. T. P., Dawood, S. R. S., Fadilah, R., Sullivan, K., Yahaya, A., & Baral, J. E. V. (2022) · European Journal of Mental Health · doi:10.5708/ejmh.17.2022.2.8 · Cited by 8
“…the Brief COPE and PSS in the current study are higher than has been reported in previous studies on university students (e.g., Poulus et al., 2020; Roberti et al., 2006 respectively); however, this may not be surprising given the context of the situation that participants found themselves in…”
Result

Authors: Roberti, J. W., Harrington, L. N., & Storch, E. A.
Affiliations: New College of Florida (US)
University of Florida (US)
Corresponding author: Roberti, Jonathan W.
ORCID: Storch, Eric A.
Venue: Journal of College Counseling
Publisher: Wiley
Published: 2006-09
Volume: 9
Issue: 2
Pages: 135-147
ISSN: 1099-0399 (ISSN-L)
2161-1882
DOI: 10.1002/j.2161-1882.2006.tb00100.x
OpenAlex: W2168766452
Cited by: 984
References: 35
Citations by year: 2026: 48 · 2025: 54 · 2024: 70 · 2023: 91 · 2022: 111 · 2021: 130 · 2020: 83 · 2019: 72 · 2018: 56 · 2017: 47 · 2016: 59 · 2015: 42 · 2014: 37 · 2013: 30 · 2012: 18
FWCI: 5.09
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor (vor, 1939 d)
Locations: Journal of College Counseling (publishedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Student Stress and Coping
Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Management Science and Operations Research › Psychometric Methodologies and Testing
Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
Keywords: Perceived Stress Scale, PSS-10, perceived stress, psychometric validation, factor structure, helplessness, self-efficacy, university students, reference values, internal consistency, construct validity

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Further psychometric support for the 10-item version of the Perceived Stress Scale

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