Academic Burden and Emotional Problems Among Adolescents: A Longitudinal Mediation Analysis
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Introduction: Existing research indicates high prevalence of emotional problems among adolescents with excessive academic burden, yet the underlying reasons are not well understood. This study aimed to explore loneliness, physical activity, and sleep as potential mediating pathways between academic burden and emotional problems in adolescents. Methods: A longitudinal cohort study was conducted among middle and high school students in Taizhou City, Zhejiang Province, China, with data collected at three time points. The study included 2965 adolescents, with a mean age of 15.2 years (SD = 1.7), of whom 48.0% were female. Most participants came from families with middle to high economic status (94.8%). Structural equation modeling was employed to analyze the direct associations between academic burden (measured by study time and academic stress) and depressive and anxiety symptoms. Additionally, the indirect associations were explored through three mediators: loneliness, physical activity, and sleep. Results: Higher academic stress at T1 was directly associated with more severe depressive symptoms at T3. Sleep (indirect effect 0.11, 95% CI 0.09–0.13), loneliness (0.10, 0.08–0.11) and physical activity (0.01, 0.002–0.012) at T2 mediated the relationship, accounting for 31.0%, 26.8%, and 1.8% of the total association of academic stress, respectively. For anxiety symptoms, sleep (0.11, 0.09–0.14) and loneliness (0.07, 0.05–0.08) mediated the association of academic stress with longitudinal mediation effect sizes of 34.1% and 20.6%, respectively. Study time was only associated with the outcomes indirectly via academic stress. Conclusions: Our results highlight the importance of behavioral and psychosocial differences related to academic burden in understanding the severity of mental health problems in adolescents.
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Sleep disturbances and loneliness are major mediators linking academic stress to depression and anxiety, while physical activity contributes modestly and inconsistently across outcomes.
“Sleep disturbances and loneliness have been identified as major mediators linking stress to depression and anxiety, while physical activity contributes modestly and inconsistently across outcomes (26).”
From Academic stress in adolescents: findings from a school-based study in Belagavi district (2025) · cites this paper as [26]
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Self-citationPredicting multiple mental health outcomes in adolescents using explainable machine learning models
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Self-citation
- Authors
- Wang, J., Wang, Z., Yang, Y., Wang, T., Lin, H., Zhang, W., Chen, X., & Fu, C.
- Affiliations
- Fudan University (CN)
- Taizhou City Center for Disease Control and Prevention Taizhou China
- Corresponding author
- Chen, Xiaoxiao
- Fu, Chaowei
- Venue
- Journal of Adolescence
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2025-01-21
- Volume
- 97
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 989-1001
- ISSN
- 0140-1971 (ISSN-L)
- 1095-9254
- PMC
- PMC12128909
- OpenAlex
- W4406686039
- Cited by
- 40
- References
- 69
- Citations by year
- 2026: 32 · 2025: 8
- FWCI
- 79.56
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of Adolescence (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- China Medical Board
- Shanghai Municipal Health Commission (202240115)
- National Natural Science Foundation of China (72104053)
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Student Stress and Coping
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Healthcare professionals’ stress and burnout
- Keywords
- academic workload, academic stress, study time, adolescent emotional problems, depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms, loneliness, physical activity, sleep, mediation, adolescent mental health
- MeSH terms
- Mediation Analysis, Adolescent, Anxiety, China, Depression, Female, Humans, Loneliness, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Sleep, Stress, Psychological, Students, Exercise
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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