Stem cell property epithelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition is a core transcriptional network for predicting cetuximab (Erbitux™) efficacy in KRAS wild‐type tumor cells
Abstract
Beyond a well‐recognized effect of KRAS mutations in determining de novo inefficacy of cetuximab (CTX) in metastatic colorectal cancer, we urgently need a biomarker signature for predicting CTX efficacy in KRAS wild‐type (WT) tumors. CTX‐adapted EGFR gene‐amplified KRAS WT tumor cell populations were induced by stepwise‐chronic exposure of A431 epidermoid cancer cells to CTX. Genome‐wide analyses of 44K Agilent's whole human arrays were bioinformatically evaluated by Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA)‐based screening of the KEGG pathway database. Molecular functioning of CTX was found to depend on: (i) The occurrence of a positive feedback loop on Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) activation driven by genes coding for EGFR ligands (e.g., amphiregulin); (ii) the lack of a negative feedback on mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) activation regulated by dual‐specificity phosphatases (e.g., DUSP6) and; (iii) the transcriptional status of gene pathways controlling the epithelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition (EMT) and its reversal (MET) program (actin cytoskeleton and cell–cell communication—e.g., keratins—focal adhesion signaling—e.g., integrins—and EMT‐inducing cytokines – e.g., transforming growth factor‐β). Quantitative real‐time PCR, high‐content immunostaining, and flow‐cytometry analyses confirmed that CTX efficacy depends on its ability to promote: (i) Stronger cell–cell contacts by up‐regulating the expression of the epithelial markers E‐cadherin and occludin; (ii) down‐regulation of the epithelial transcriptional repressors Zeb, Snail, and Slug accompanied by restoration of cortical F‐actin; and (iii) complete prevention of the CD44 pos/CD24 neg/low mesenchymal immunophenotype. The impact of EGFR ligands/MAPK phosphatases gene transcripts in predicting CTX efficacy in KRAS WT tumors may be tightly linked with the ability of CTX to concurrently reverse the EMT status, a pivotal property of migrating cancer stem cells. J. Cell. Biochem. 112: 10–29, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The property of CSCs to EMT is a core transcriptional network to predict the efficacy of EGFR-targeted therapy in KRAS WT CRC.
“The property of CSCs to EMT is a core transcriptional network to predict the efficacy of EGFR-targeted therapy in KRAS WT CRC [142].”
From Resistance to anti-EGFR therapies in metastatic colorectal cancer: underlying mechanisms and reversal strategies (2021) · cites this paper as [142]
Cites
Subramanian, A., Tamayo, P., Mootha, V. K., Mukherjee, S., Ebert, B. L., Gillette, M. A., Paulovich, A., Pomeroy, S. L., Golub, T. R., Lander, E. S., et al. (2005) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0506580102 · Cited by 53,625 · see citing works
Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transitions in Development and Disease
Thiery, J. P., Acloque, H., Huang, R. Y. J., & Nieto, M. A. (2009) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2009.11.007 · Cited by 9,931 · see citing works
Stem cells, cancer, and cancer stem cells
Reya, T., Morrison, S. J., Clarke, M. F., & Weissman, I. L. (2001) · Nature · doi:10.1038/35102167 · Cited by 9,738 · see citing works
The Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition Generates Cells with Properties of Stem Cells
Mani, S. A., Guo, W., Liao, M.-J., Eaton, E. N., Ayyanan, A., Zhou, A. Y., Brooks, M. W., Reinhard, F., Zhang, C. C., Shipitsin, M. V., et al. (2008) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2008.03.027 · Cited by 8,679 · see citing works
Massagué, J. (2008) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2008.07.001 · Cited by 3,907 · see citing works
ERBB receptors and cancer: the complexity of targeted inhibitors
Hynes, N. E., & Lane, H. A. (2005) · Nature reviews. Cancer · doi:10.1038/nrc1609 · Cited by 3,313 · see citing works
Epithelial-mesenchymal transition: at the crossroads of development and tumor metastasis.
Yang, J., & Weinberg, R. (2008) · Developmental Cell · doi:10.1016/j.devcel.2008.05.009 · Cited by 3,135 · see citing works
Snail, Zeb and bHLH factors in tumour progression: An alliance against the epithelial phenotype?
Peinado, H., Olmeda, D., & Cano, A. (2007) · Nature reviews. Cancer · doi:10.1038/nrc2131 · Cited by 3,121 · see citing works
EMT, cancer stem cells and drug resistance: an emerging axis of evil in the war on cancer
Singh, A., & Settleman, J. (2010) · Oncogene · doi:10.1038/onc.2010.215 · Cited by 2,545 · see citing works
EGF–ERBB signalling: towards the systems level
Citri, A., & Yarden, Y. (2006) · Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology · doi:10.1038/nrm1962 · Cited by 2,004 · see citing works
Intrinsic Resistance of Tumorigenic Breast Cancer Cells to Chemotherapy
Li, X., Lewis, M. T., Huang, J., Gutiérrez, C., Osborne, C. K., Wu, M.-F., Hilsenbeck, S. G., Pavlick, A. C., Zhang, X., Chamness, G. C., et al. (2008) · JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute · doi:10.1093/jnci/djn123 · Cited by 1,789 · see citing works
Generation of Breast Cancer Stem Cells through Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition
Morel, A., Lièvre, M., Thomas, C., Hinkal, G., Ansieau, S., & Puisieux, A. (2008) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0002888 · Cited by 1,673 · see citing works
Adherens and tight junctions: Structure, function and connections to the actin cytoskeleton
Hartsock, A., & Nelson, W. J. (2007) · Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Biomembranes · doi:10.1016/j.bbamem.2007.07.012 · Cited by 1,559 · see citing works
Khambata-Ford, S., Garrett, C. R., Meropol, N. J., Basik, M., Harbison, C. T., Wu, S., Wong, T. W., Huang, X., Takimoto, C. H., Godwin, A. K., et al. (2007) · Journal of Clinical Oncology · doi:10.1200/jco.2006.10.5437 · Cited by 1,125 · see citing works
ErbB receptors and signaling pathways in cancer
Hynes, N. E., & MacDonald, G. (2009) · Current Opinion in Cell Biology · doi:10.1016/j.ceb.2008.12.010 · Cited by 956 · see citing works
Moustakas, A., & Heldin, C. (2007) · Cancer Science · doi:10.1111/j.1349-7006.2007.00550.x · Cited by 798 · see citing works
Molecular Mechanisms of Resistance to Cetuximab and Panitumumab in Colorectal Cancer
Bardelli, A., & Siena, S. (2010) · Journal of Clinical Oncology · doi:10.1200/jco.2009.24.6116 · Cited by 746 · see citing works
Linardou, H., Dahabreh, I. J., Kanaloupiti, D., Siannis, F., Bafaloukos, D., Kosmidis, P., Papadimitriou, C. A., & Murray, S. (2008) · The Lancet Oncology · doi:10.1016/s1470-2045(08)70206-7 · Cited by 739 · see citing works
Understanding resistance to EGFR inhibitors—impact on future treatment strategies
Wheeler, D. L., Dunn, E. F., & Harari, P. M. (2010) · Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology · doi:10.1038/nrclinonc.2010.97 · Cited by 683 · see citing works
Lu, Z., Ghosh, S., Wang, Z.-Y., & Hunter, T. (2003) · Cancer Cell · doi:10.1016/s1535-6108(03)00304-0 · Cited by 682 · see citing works
Kurrey, N. K., Jalgaonkar, S. P., Joglekar, A. V., Ghanate, A. D., Chaskar, P. D., Doiphode, R. Y., & Bapat, S. A. (2009) · Stem Cells · doi:10.1002/stem.154 · Cited by 655 · see citing works
Vincent, C. T., Neve, E. P. A., Johnson, J. R., Kukalev, A., Rojo, F., Albanell, J., Pietras, K., Virtanen, I., Philipson, L., Leopold, P. L., et al. (2009) · Nature Cell Biology · doi:10.1038/ncb1905 · Cited by 649 · see citing works
Transcriptional regulation of cell polarity in EMT and cancer
Moreno‐Bueno, G., Portillo, F., & Cano, A. (2008) · Oncogene · doi:10.1038/onc.2008.346 · Cited by 610 · see citing works
Viloria‐Petit, A., Crombet, T., Jothy, S., Hicklin, D. J., Böhlen, P., Schlaeppi, J.-M., Rak, J. W., & Kerbel, R. S. (2001) · PubMed · Cited by 558 · see citing works
HER2 regulates the mammary stem/progenitor cell population driving tumorigenesis and invasion
Körkaya, H., Paulson, A. K., Iovino, F., & Wicha, M. S. (2008) · Oncogene · doi:10.1038/onc.2008.207 · Cited by 557 · see citing works
Siena, S., Bianchi, A. S., Nicolantonio, F. D., Balfour, J., & Bardelli, A. (2009) · JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute · doi:10.1093/jnci/djp280 · Cited by 526 · see citing works
Dual-specificity MAP kinase phosphatases (MKPs) and cancer
Keyse, S. M. (2008) · Cancer and Metastasis Reviews · doi:10.1007/s10555-008-9123-1 · Cited by 492 · see citing works
Kokkinos, M. I., Wafai, R., Wong, M. K., Newgreen, D. F., Thompson, E. W., & Waltham, M. (2007) · Cells Tissues Organs · doi:10.1159/000101320 · Cited by 394 · see citing works
Jacobs, B., De Roock, W., Piessevaux, H., Van Oirbeek, R., Biesmans, B., De Schutter, J., Fieuws, S., Vandesompele, J., Peeters, M., Van Laethem, J.-L., et al. (2009) · Journal of Clinical Oncology · doi:10.1200/jco.2008.21.3744 · Cited by 368 · see citing works
Targeting Breast Cancer Stem Cells
Liu, S., & Wicha, M. S. (2010) · Journal of Clinical Oncology · doi:10.1200/jco.2009.27.5388 · Cited by 360 · see citing works
Fuxe, J., Vincent, C. T., & de Herreros, A. G. (2010) · Cell Cycle · doi:10.4161/cc.9.12.12050 · Cited by 311 · see citing works
Li, C., Scott, D., Hatch, E., Tian, X.-Y., & Mansour, S. (2007) · Development · doi:10.1242/dev.02701 · Cited by 298 · see citing works
Blick, T., Hugo, H. J., Widodo, E., Waltham, M. C., Pinto, C., Mani, S. A., Weinberg, R. A., Neve, R. M., Lenburg, M. E., & Thompson, E. W. (2010) · Journal of Mammary Gland Biology and Neoplasia · doi:10.1007/s10911-010-9175-z · Cited by 291 · see citing works
Magnifico, A., Albano, L., Campaner, S., Delia, D., Castiglioni, F., Gasparini, P., Sozzi, G., Fontanella, E., Ménard, S., & Tagliabue, E. (2009) · Clinical Cancer Research · doi:10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-08-1327 · Cited by 252 · see citing works
TGFβ-induced EMT requires focal adhesion kinase (FAK) signaling
Cicchini, C., Laudadio, I., Citarella, F., Corazzari, M., Steindler, C., Conigliaro, A., Fantoni, A., Amicone, L., & Tripodi, M. (2007) · Experimental Cell Research · doi:10.1016/j.yexcr.2007.09.005 · Cited by 240 · see citing works
A crucial function of PDGF in TGF-β-mediated cancer progression of hepatocytes
Gotzmann, J., Fischer, A. N. M., Zojer, M., Mikula, M., Proell, V., Huber, H., Jechlinger, M., Waerner, T., Weith, A., Beug, H., et al. (2006) · Oncogene · doi:10.1038/sj.onc.1209083 · Cited by 223 · see citing works
The morphological and molecular features of the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition
Moreno-Bueno, G., Peinado, H., Molina, P., Olmeda, D., Cubillo, E., Santos, V., Palacios, J., Portillo, F., & Cano, A. (2009) · Nature Protocols · doi:10.1038/nprot.2009.152 · Cited by 221 · see citing works
Wendt, M. K., Smith, J. A., & Schiemann, W. P. (2010) · Oncogene · doi:10.1038/onc.2010.377 · Cited by 197 · see citing works
Cancer stemness and metastasis: Therapeutic consequences and perspectives
Monteiro, J., & Fodde, R. (2010) · European Journal of Cancer · doi:10.1016/j.ejca.2010.02.030 · Cited by 186 · see citing works
Vázquez‐Martín, A., Oliveras‐Ferraros, C., Barco, S. D., Martı́n-Castillo, B., & Menéndez, J. A. (2010) · Breast Cancer Research and Treatment · doi:10.1007/s10549-010-0924-x · Cited by 180 · see citing works
Self-citationSmith, G. C., Bounds, R., Wolf, H., Steele, R. J., CAREY, F. A., & Wolf, C. R. (2010) · British Journal of Cancer · doi:10.1038/sj.bjc.6605534 · Cited by 176 · see citing works
Lu, Y., Li, X., Liang, K., Luwor, R., Siddik, Z. H., Mills, G. B., Mendelsohn, J., & Fan, Z. (2007) · Cancer Research · doi:10.1158/0008-5472.can-07-0589 · Cited by 170 · see citing works
Milsom, C., Yu, J., Mackman, N., et al. (2008) · Cancer Research · doi:10.1158/0008-5472.can-08-2067 · Cited by 152 · see citing works
Uttamsingh, S., Bao, X., Nguyen, K. T., Bhanot, M., Gong, J., Chan, J., Liu, F., Chu, T.-Y., & Wang, L. (2007) · Oncogene · doi:10.1038/sj.onc.1210915 · Cited by 146 · see citing works
Using the KEGG Database Resource
Aoki-Kinoshita, K. F., & Kanehisa, M. I. (2005) · Current Protocols in Bioinformatics · doi:10.1002/0471250953.bi0112s11 · Cited by 133 · see citing works
Mutations of the BRAF gene in squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck
Weber, A., Langhanki, L., Sommerer, F., Markwarth, A., Wittekind, C., & Tannapfel, A. (2003) · Oncogene · doi:10.1038/sj.onc.1206705 · Cited by 131 · see citing works
Chng, Z., Teo, A. K. K., Pedersen, R. A., & Vallier, L. (2010) · Cell stem cell · doi:10.1016/j.stem.2009.11.015 · Cited by 129 · see citing works
TGFβ family signaling: novel insights in development and disease
Wharton, K. A., & Derynck, R. (2009) · Development · doi:10.1242/dev.040584 · Cited by 117 · see citing works
Italiano, A., Hostein, I., Soubeyran, I., Fabas, T., Benchimol, D., Evrard, S., Gugenheim, J., Becouarn, Y., Brunet, R., Fonck, M., et al. (2010) · Annals of Surgical Oncology · doi:10.1245/s10434-009-0864-z · Cited by 114 · see citing works
The role of cetuximab for the treatment of squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck.
Mehra, R., Cohen, R. B., & Burtness, B. A. (2008) · PubMed · Cited by 103 · see citing works
Paccione, R. J., Miyazaki, H., Patel, V., Waseem, A., Gutkind, J. S., Zehner, Z. E., & Yeudall, W. A. (2008) · Molecular Cancer Therapeutics · doi:10.1158/1535-7163.mct-08-0450 · Cited by 95 · see citing works
Colorectal Cancer Progression: Integrin alphavbeta6 and the Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition (EMT)
Bates, R. C. (2005) · Cell Cycle · doi:10.4161/cc.4.10.2053 · Cited by 87 · see citing works
Role of β5-integrin in epithelial-mesenchymal transition in response to TGF-β
Bianchi, A., Gervasi, M. E., & Bakin, A. V. (2010) · Cell Cycle · doi:10.4161/cc.9.8.11517 · Cited by 85 · see citing works
Wong, R., & Cunningham, D. (2008) · Journal of Clinical Oncology · doi:10.1200/jco.2008.19.5024 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
Menendez (1992) · International Journal of Oncology · doi:10.3892/ijo_00000106 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Stemming Resistance to HER-2 Targeted Therapy
Bedard, P. L., Cardoso, F., & Piccart, M. J. (2009) · Journal of Mammary Gland Biology and Neoplasia · doi:10.1007/s10911-009-9116-x · Cited by 68 · see citing works
Yoshida, T., Okamoto, I., Okabe, T., Iwasa, T., Satoh, T., Nishio, K., Fukuoka, M., & Nakagawa, K. (2007) · International Journal of Cancer · doi:10.1002/ijc.23253 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Skvortsova, I., Skvortsov, S., Raju, U., Stasyk, T., Riesterer, O., Schottdorf, E.-M., Popper, B., Schiestl, B., Eichberger, P., Debbage, P. L., et al. (2010) · Radiotherapy and Oncology · doi:10.1016/j.radonc.2010.04.017 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Oliveras‐Ferraros, C., Vázquez‐Martín, A., Martı́n-Castillo, B., et al. (2010) · Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications · doi:10.1016/j.bbrc.2010.05.041 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Self-citationMenendez (2010) · International Journal of Oncology · doi:10.3892/ijo_00000716 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Elevated tissue factor procoagulant activity in CD133‐positive cancer cells
Milsom, C., ANDERSON, G. M., Weitz, J. I., et al. (2007) · Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis · doi:10.1111/j.1538-7836.2007.02766.x · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Lack of evidence for KRAS oncogenic mutations in triple-negative breast cancer
Sánchez‐Muñoz, A., Gallego, E., de Luque, V., Perez‐Rivas, L. G., Vicioso, L., Ribelles, N., Lozano, J., & Alba, E. (2010) · BMC Cancer · doi:10.1186/1471-2407-10-136 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Non-small-cell lung cancer harbouring mutations in the EGFR kinase domain
Rosell, R., Morán, T., Carcereny, E., Quiroga, V., Molina‐Vila, M. Á., Costa, C., Benlloch, S., & Tarón, M. (2010) · Clinical & Translational Oncology · doi:10.1007/s12094-010-0473-0 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
PAI-1 Mediates the TGF-β1+EGF-Induced “Scatter” Response in Transformed Human Keratinocytes
Freytag, J., Wilkins-Port, C. E., Higgins, C. E., Higgins, S. P., Samarakoon, R., & Higgins, P. J. (2010) · Journal of Investigative Dermatology · doi:10.1038/jid.2010.106 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Santini, D., Spoto, C., Loupakis, F., Vincenzi, B., Silvestris, N., Cremolini, C., Canestrari, E., Graziano, F., Galluccio, N., Salvatore, L., et al. (2010) · Annals of Oncology · doi:10.1093/annonc/mdq318 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Mandić, R., Rodgarkia‐Dara, C., Zhu, L., Folz, B. J., Bette, M., Weihe, E., Neubauer, A., & Werner, J. A. (2006) · FEBS Letters · doi:10.1016/j.febslet.2006.07.064 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Tissue Factor and Cancer Stem Cells
Milsom, C., Magnus, N., Meehan, B., et al. (2009) · Arteriosclerosis Thrombosis and Vascular Biology · doi:10.1161/atvbaha.108.177444 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Booth, B. W., Boulanger, C. A., Anderson, L. H., et al. (2009) · Experimental Cell Research · doi:10.1016/j.yexcr.2009.11.006 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
de Reyniès, A., Boige, V., Milano, G. A., Faivre, J., & Laurent‐Puig, P. (2008) · Journal of Clinical Oncology · doi:10.1200/jco.2007.15.9186 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Pueyo, G., Mesı́a, R., Figueras, A., Lozano, A., Baro, M., Vázquez, S., Capellá, G., & Balart, J. (2010) · The Oncologist · doi:10.1634/theoncologist.2008-0290 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Samarakoon, R., Higgins, C. E., Higgins, S. P., & Higgins, P. J. (2009) · Journal of Oncology · doi:10.1155/2009/342391 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Arnoletti, J. P., Frolov, A., Eloubeidi, M., et al. (2010) · Cancer Chemotherapy and Pharmacology · doi:10.1007/s00280-010-1383-0 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Gattenlöhner, S., Etschmann, B., Kunzmann, V., Thalheimer, A., Hack, M., Kleber, G., Einsele, H., Germer, C.-T., & Müller-Hermelink, H. K. (2009) · Journal of Oncology · doi:10.1155/2009/831626 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Smith, D. C., Britten, C. D., Clary, D. O., Nguyen, L. T., Woodard, P., & Hurwitz, H. I. (2009) · Journal of Clinical Oncology · doi:10.1200/jco.2009.27.15_suppl.3512 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Hawkes, E. A., & Cunningham, D. (2010) · Journal of Clinical Oncology · doi:10.1200/jco.2010.29.5626 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Emerging profile of cetuximab in non-small cell lung cancer
Ettinger, D. S. (2009) · Lung Cancer · doi:10.1016/j.lungcan.2009.07.012 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Baker, J., Dutta, D., Watson, D. C. T., et al. (2008) · Journal of Clinical Oncology · doi:10.1200/jco.2008.26.15_suppl.3512 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Zhou, J., Ji, Q., & Li, Q. (2021) · Journal of Experimental & Clinical Cancer Research · doi:10.1186/s13046-021-02130-2 · Cited by 246 · see citing works
Tian, S., Simon, I., Moreno, V., Roepman, P., Tabernero, J., Snel, M., van't Veer, L., Salazar, R., Bernards, R., & Capella, G. (2013) · Gut · doi:10.1136/gutjnl-2012-302423 · Cited by 128 · see citing works
Arai, H., Millstein, J., Loupakis, F., Stintzing, S., Wang, J., Battaglin, F., Kawanishi, N., Jayachandran, P., Soni, S., Zhang, W., et al. (2021) · European Journal of Cancer · doi:10.1016/j.ejca.2021.03.048 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
- Authors
- Oliveras‐Ferraros, C., Vazquez‐Martin, A., Cufí, S., Queralt, B., Báez, L., Guardeño, R., Hernández‐Yagüe, X., Martin‐Castillo, B., Brunet, J., & Menendez, J. A.
- Affiliations
- Institut Català d'Oncologia (ES)
- Venue
- Journal of Cellular Biochemistry
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2011-01
- Volume
- 112
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 10-29
- ISSN
- 0730-2312 (ISSN-L)
- 1097-4644
- OpenAlex
- W2041777830
- Cited by
- 47
- References
- 77
- Citations by year
- 2025: 1 · 2024: 2 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 1 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 2 · 2014: 3 · 2013: 5 · 2012: 9
- FWCI
- 2.84
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Cellular Biochemistry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Colorectal Cancer Treatments and Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Cancer Cells and Metastasis
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › HER2/EGFR in Cancer Research
- Keywords
- cetuximab, KRAS wild-type tumors, metastatic colorectal cancer, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, cancer stem cells, EGFR, EGFR ligands, amphiregulin, MAPK signaling, DUSP6, E-cadherin, occludin, ZEB, snails, Slug, F-actin, predictive biomarkers, drug resistance
- MeSH terms
- Cetuximab, Antibodies, Monoclonal, Antineoplastic Agents, Carcinoma, Squamous Cell, Female, Humans, Proto-Oncogene Proteins, Vulvar Neoplasms, Down-Regulation, Proto-Oncogene Proteins p21(ras), Neoplasms, Squamous Cell, ras Proteins, Hyaluronan Receptors, Cell Line, Tumor, CD24 Antigen, Gene Regulatory Networks, Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition, Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized, ErbB Receptors
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
