The DOI matches its Crossref record; 112 of the 112 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Meta-analysis of the factor structures of four depression questionnaires: Beck, CES-D, Hamilton, and Zung
Abstract
Four separate metaanalyses of factor analyses were conducted for the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D), the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HRSD), and the Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS). The total number of participants (N) and studies (k) included in each of the metaanalyses were the following: BDI (N = 13,643, k = 33), CES-D (N = 22,340, k = 28), HRSD (N = 2,606, k = 17), and SDS (N = 12,621, k = 13). Metaanalysis results suggest that the specific depression symptom factors within each test appear to be relatively robust and well established and match fairly closely previously hypothesized factor structures. A general Depression Severity factor and a small Somatic Symptoms factor are found in all four tests and two tests had a small Positive Affect factor. There were fewer common specific depression symptom factors across tests than expected.
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“9% according to the more conservative BDI-13 (Shafer, 2006)”
From Persistent psychopathology and neurocognitive impairment in COVID-19 survivors: effect of inflammatory biomarkers at three-month follow-up (2021) · cites this paper as Shafer, 2006
Citations
Cites
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Pilkonis, P. A., Choi, S. W., Reise, S. P., Stover, A. M., Riley, W. T., Cella, D., & PROMIS Cooperative Group (2011) · Assessment · doi:10.1177/1073191111411667 · Cited by 2,132
“For examples in the area of depression, see Quilty, Zhang, and Bagby (2010), Santor, Gregus, and Welch, (2006), Shafer (2006), and Simms, Gros, Watson, and O’Hara (2008).”
BackgroundResultPsychometric properties of the Beck Depression Inventory-II: a comprehensive review
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“The results of factor analytic approaches, however, vary across different depression screening instruments, and factor solutions for the same instrument differ across samples (Brown et al., 1995; Furukawa et al., 2005; Helmes and Nielson, 1998; Shafer, 2006; Wood et al., 2010).”
Subcallosal cingulate gyrus deep brain stimulation for treatment-resistant depression
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Depression sum-scores don’t add up: why analyzing specific depression symptoms is essential
Fried, E. I., & Nesse, R. M. (2015) · BMC Medicine · doi:10.1186/s12916-015-0325-4 · Cited by 981
Metadata
- Authors
- Shafer, A. B.
- Corresponding author
- Shafer, Alan B.
- Venue
- Journal of Clinical Psychology
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2005
- Volume
- 62
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 123-146
- ISSN
- 0021-9762 (ISSN-L)
- 1097-4679
- OpenAlex
- W2170701421
- Cited by
- 837
- References
- 111
- Citations by year
- 2026: 31 · 2025: 23 · 2024: 34 · 2023: 35 · 2022: 25 · 2021: 28 · 2020: 49 · 2019: 51 · 2018: 76 · 2017: 58 · 2016: 49 · 2015: 51 · 2014: 61 · 2013: 69 · 2012: 45
- FWCI
- 2.17
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Clinical Psychology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Management Science and Operations Research › Psychometric Methodologies and Testing
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Mental Health Research Topics
- Keywords
- factor structure, Beck Depression Inventory, CES-D, Hamilton Depression Rating Scale, Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale, depression severity, somatic symptoms, positive affect
- MeSH terms
- Depressive Disorder, Factor Analysis, Statistical, Humans, Psychological Tests, Surveys and Questionnaires
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