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Browning of White Fat: Novel Insight Into Factors, Mechanisms, and Therapeutics: FAT BROWNING AND THEIR POTENTIAL AS THERAPEUTICS
Open accessAbstract
What is more interesting about brown adipose tissue (BAT) is its ability to provide thermogenesis, protection against obesity by clearing triglycerides, releasing batokines, and mitigating insulin resistance. White adipose tissue (WAT) on the other hand stores excess energy and secretes some endocrine factors like leptin for regulating satiety. For the last decade there has been an increasing interest in the browning of fat keeping in view its beneficial effects on metabolic disorders and protection in the form of perivascular fat. Obesity is one such metabolic disorder that leads to significant morbidity and mortality from obesity-related disorders such as type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) and cardiovascular disease risk. Browning of white fat paves the way to restrict obesity and obesity related disorders. Although exercise has been the most common factor for fat browning; however, there are other factors that involve: (1) beta aminoisobutyric acid (BAIBA); (2) gamma amino butyric acid (GABA); (3) PPARɣ agonists; (4) JAK inhibition; and (5) IRISIN. In this review, we propose two novel factors musclin and TFAM for fat browning. Musclin a myokine released from muscles during exercise activates PPARɣ which induces browning of WAT that has beneficial metabolic and cardiac effects. TFAM is a transcription factor that induces mitochondrial biogenesis. Since BAT is rich in mitochondria, higher expression of TFAM in WAT or TFAM treatment in WAT cells can induce browning of WAT. We propose that fat browning can be used as a therapeutic tool for metabolic disorders and cardiovascular diseases. J. Cell. Physiol. 232: 61-68, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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“Moreover, BAIBA has been proposed as a promising molecule capable of inducing the thermogenic framework by an independent pathway of adrenergic activation (Jeremic et al., 2017).”
From Physical Exercise-Induced Myokines and Muscle-Adipose Tissue Crosstalk: A Review of Current Knowledge and the Implications for Health and Metabolic Diseases (2018) · cites this paper as Jeremic et al., 2017
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“Targeting of brown adipose tissue and browning white adipose tissue (inducing white adipocytes to become beige adipocytes) may increase thermogenesis, lead to negative energy balance, and decrease glucose and triglyceride levels [181].”
From Anti-Obesity Medications and Investigational Agents: An Obesity Medicine Association (OMA) Clinical Practice Statement (CPS) 2022 (2022) · cites this paper as [181]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Jeremic, N., Chaturvedi, P., & Tyagi, S. C.
- Affiliations
- University of Louisville (US)
- Corresponding author
- Tyagi, Suresh C.
- Venue
- Journal of Cellular Physiology
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2016-06-21
- Volume
- 232
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 61-68
- ISSN
- 0021-9541 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC6567990
- OpenAlex
- W2412754298
- Cited by
- 211
- References
- 91
- Citations by year
- 2026: 11 · 2025: 13 · 2024: 19 · 2023: 30 · 2022: 26 · 2021: 31 · 2020: 27 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 20 · 2017: 20 · 2016: 4
- FWCI
- 2.04
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Journal of Cellular Physiology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- NIH (HL-74185, HL-108621)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Adipose Tissue and Metabolism
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Adipokines, Inflammation, and Metabolic Diseases
- Keywords
- white adipose tissue browning, brown adipose tissue, thermogenesis, obesity, type 2 diabetes, musclin, TFAM, mitochondrial biogenesis, PPARγ agonists, physical activity, beta-aminoisobutyric acid, GABA, JAK inhibition, irisin, perivascular adipose tissue, metabolic disorders, cardiovascular disease
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Adipose Tissue, Brown, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Humans, Insulin Resistance, Obesity, Thermogenesis, Adipose Tissue, White
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