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Polydeoxyribonucleotides (PDRNs) From Skin to Musculoskeletal Tissue Regeneration via Adenosine A 2A Receptor Involvement
Abstract
Polydeoxyribonucleotides (PDRNs) are low molecular weight DNA molecules of natural origin that stimulate cell migration and growth, extracellular matrix (ECM) protein production, and reduce inflammation. Most preclinical and clinical studies on tissue regeneration with PDRNs focused on skin, and only few are about musculoskeletal tissues. Starting from an overview on skin regeneration studies, through the analysis of in vitro, in vivo, and clinical studies (1990–2016), the present review aimed at defining the effects of PDRN and their mechanisms of action in the regeneration of musculoskeletal tissues. This would also help future researches in this area. A total of 29 studies were found by PubMed and www.webofknowledge.com searches: 20 were on skin (six in vitro, six in vivo, one vitro/vivo, seven clinical studies), while the other nine regarded bone (one in vitro, two in vivo, one clinical studies), cartilage (one in vitro, one vitro/vivo, two clinical studies), or tendon (one clinical study) tissues regeneration. PDRNs improved cell growth, tissue repair, ECM proteins, physical activity, and reduced pain and inflammation, through the activation of adenosine A 2A receptor. PDRNs are currently used for bone, cartilage, and tendon diseases, with a great variability regarding the PDRN dosage to be used in clinical practice, while the dosage for skin regeneration is well established. PDRNs are usually administered from a minimum of three to a maximum of five times and they act trough the activation of A 2A receptor. Further studies are advisable to confirm the effectiveness of PDRNs and to standardize the PDRN dose. J. Cell. Physiol. 232: 2299–2307, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Evidence supports the efficacy of PDRN in promoting wound closure and tissue regeneration.
“A comprehensive review of in vitro and animal model studies and clinical trials shows evidence supporting the efficacy of PDRN in promoting wound closure and tissue regeneration [71,114].”
From Comparison of Polynucleotide and Polydeoxyribonucleotide in Dermatology: Molecular Mechanisms and Clinical Perspectives (2025) · cites this paper as [114]
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Sorted by citations
Colangelo, M. T., Galli, C., & Guizzardi, S. (2020) · Regenerative Medicine · doi:10.2217/rme-2019-0118 · Cited by 59
Polydeoxyribonucleotide Regulation of Inflammation
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Metadata
- Authors
- Veronesi, F., Dallari, D., Sabbioni, G., Carubbi, C., Martini, L., & Fini, M.
- Affiliations
- Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli (IT)
- Laboratory of Preclinical and Surgical Studies Rizzoli Orthopedic Institute Via Di Barbiano Bologna Italy
- Corresponding author
- Veronesi, Francesca
- Venue
- Journal of Cellular Physiology
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2017-03-03
- Volume
- 232
- Issue
- 9
- Pages
- 2299-2307
- ISSN
- 0021-9541 (ISSN-L)
- 1097-4652
- OpenAlex
- W2602864067
- Cited by
- 58
- References
- 2
- Citations by year
- 2026: 10 · 2025: 13 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 1 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 1
- FWCI
- 0.99
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Cellular Physiology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Regione Emilia-Romagna
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Dentistry › Periodontics › Periodontal Regeneration and Treatments
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Orthopedics and Sports Medicine › Tendon Structure and Treatment
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Physiology › Adenosine and Purinergic Signaling
- Keywords
- polydeoxyribonucleotide, adenosine A2A receptor, musculoskeletal regeneration, skin regeneration, bone regeneration, cartilage regeneration, tendon regeneration, extracellular matrix, inflammation reduction, cell migration
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Cell Movement, Extracellular Matrix, Humans, Musculoskeletal System, Polydeoxyribonucleotides, Regeneration, Skin, Wound Healing, Signal Transduction, Bone Remodeling, Receptors, Adenosine A2, Cell Proliferation
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