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Cited by 55Attention Deficit Hyperactivity DisorderCardiovascular Health and Risk FactorsPhysical Activity and Health

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular diseases: a systematic review and meta-analysis

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Li, Lin, Yao, Honghui, Zhang, Le, Garcia‐Argibay, Miguel, Du Rietz, Ebba, Brikell, Isabell, Solmi, Marco, Cortese, Samuele +4 more·2023·JCPP Advances
DOI 10.1002/jcv2.12158PMC PMC10501695
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Abstract

Attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) often co‐occurs with other psychiatric and physical diseases. However, available evidence on associations between ADHD and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) is mixed. To systematically review, quantitatively synthesize, and appraise available evidence on the link between ADHD with CVDs, we searched relevant articles in PubMed, Embase, PsycINFO, and Web of Science from inception to May 1, 2022. Study quality was assessed by using the Newcastle‐Ottawa Scale, and random‐effects model meta‐analyses were performed. A total of 18,391,169 (ADHD: n = 421,224) individuals from 11 studies were included in our systematic review and 8,196,648 (ADHD = 332,619) individuals from five studies were included in the main meta‐analysis of adjusted estimates. Pooled estimates showed that ADHD was significantly associated with an increased risk of CVDs in analyses based on adjusted effect size (odds ratio (OR) = 1.96; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.19–2.23, Q = 140.74, PQ < 0.001, I2 = 97.2%). When restricted among adults, the heterogeneity declined to null (OR = 1.73; 95% CI = 1.14–2.62, Q = 6.28, PQ = 0.10, I2 = 6.28%), suggesting age might be the main source of heterogeneity. In subgroup analyses, we found increased risk of CVDs associated with ADHD across age groups, type of CVDs, and data sources. This systematic review and meta‐analyses indicate that ADHD is associated with increased risk for CVDs, but further studies with various study designs are warranted to advance the understanding of the underlying mechanisms for the observed association between ADHD and CVDs. Additional research is also needed to resolve the role of ADHD medications which remains unclear due to the limited number of primary studies exploring this issue.

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Li, L., Yao, H., Zhang, L., Garcia‐Argibay, M., Du Rietz, E., Brikell, I., Solmi, M., Cortese, S., Ramos‐Quiroga, J. A., Ribasés, M., Chang, Z., & Larsson, H.
Affiliations
  • Örebro University (SE)
  • Karolinska Institutet (SE)
  • Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden
  • Aarhus University (DK)
  • University of Ottawa (CA)
  • University of Nottingham (GB)
  • Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (ES)
Corresponding author
Li, Lin
ORCID
Venue
JCPP Advances
Publisher
Wiley
Published
2023-04-05
Volume
3
Issue
3
Pages
e12158-e12158
ISSN
2692-9384 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1002/jcv2.12158
PMC
PMC10501695
OpenAlex
W4362608507
Cited by
55
References
17
Citations by year
2026: 17 · 2025: 17 · 2024: 13 · 2023: 8
FWCI
2.51
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • JCPP Advances (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Dipòsit Digital de Documents de la UAB (Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
  • ePrints Soton (University of Southampton) (submittedVersion)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
Funders
  • Svenska Sällskapet för Medicinsk Forskning (PD20‐0036)
  • Vetenskapsrådet
  • Hjärnfonden
  • Forskningsrådet om Hälsa, Arbetsliv och Välfärd
  • Karolinska Institutet
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiovascular Health and Risk Factors
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Physical Activity and Health
Keywords
attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, cardiovascular disease, cardiovascular risk, comorbidities, ADHD medication, age differences in risk

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