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Cited by 4,663Extracellular vesicles in diseaseCellular transport and secretionNanoparticle-Based Drug Delivery

Minimal information for studies of extracellular vesicles (MISEV2023): From basic to advanced approaches

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Welsh, Joshua A., Goberdhan, Deborah C. I., O'Driscoll, Lorraine, Buzas, Edit I., Blenkiron, Cherie, Bussolati, Benedetta, Cai, Houjian, Di Vizio, Dolores +65 more·2024·Journal of Extracellular Vesicles
DOI 10.1002/jev2.12404PMC PMC10850029
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Abstract

Extracellular vesicles (EVs), through their complex cargo, can reflect the state of their cell of origin and change the functions and phenotypes of other cells. These features indicate strong biomarker and therapeutic potential and have generated broad interest, as evidenced by the steady year‐on‐year increase in the numbers of scientific publications about EVs. Important advances have been made in EV metrology and in understanding and applying EV biology. However, hurdles remain to realising the potential of EVs in domains ranging from basic biology to clinical applications due to challenges in EV nomenclature, separation from non‐vesicular extracellular particles, characterisation and functional studies. To address the challenges and opportunities in this rapidly evolving field, the International Society for Extracellular Vesicles (ISEV) updates its ‘Minimal Information for Studies of Extracellular Vesicles’, which was first published in 2014 and then in 2018 as MISEV2014 and MISEV2018, respectively. The goal of the current document, MISEV2023, is to provide researchers with an updated snapshot of available approaches and their advantages and limitations for production, separation and characterisation of EVs from multiple sources, including cell culture, body fluids and solid tissues. In addition to presenting the latest state of the art in basic principles of EV research, this document also covers advanced techniques and approaches that are currently expanding the boundaries of the field. MISEV2023 also includes new sections on EV release and uptake and a brief discussion of in vivo approaches to study EVs. Compiling feedback from ISEV expert task forces and more than 1000 researchers, this document conveys the current state of EV research to facilitate robust scientific discoveries and move the field forward even more rapidly.

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  • The particle-to-protein ratio has been proposed as an indicator for estimating the purity of EV preparations, although its applicability requires careful evaluation since expected ratios can vary depending on factors such as EV origin and isolation method.

    “The particle-to-protein ratio has been proposed as an indicator for estimating the purity of EV preparations [60], although its applicability requires careful evaluation [49,50], since expected ratios can vary depending on multiple factors, such as EV origin and isolation method.”

    From Optimized Wound Healing Assay to Study Extracellular Vesicle-Driven Glioblastoma Cell Migration (2026) · cites this paper as [50]

    Split into 2 atoms — 1 confirmed, 1 partially supported, 0 disputed, 0 misattributed, 0 unverifiable. Expand the claim to see per-atom verdicts.

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

  • EVs are nanoscale lipid bilayer-enclosed structures secreted by cells that carry proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids.

    “EVs are nanoscale lipid bilayer‐enclosed structures secreted by cells that carry proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. 19”

    From Plasma extracellular vesicles from <i>APOE3</i> Christchurch carriers display a protective phenotype in early stages of autosomal dominant Alzheimer's disease (2026) · cites this paper as [19]

    The Nomenclature section defines EVs as particles released from cells and delimited by a lipid bilayer. The protein-composition and nucleic-acid-characterization sections support their association with proteins and nucleic acids. However, the Quantification of particle size section says EV diameters range from tens of nanometres to microns, so describing all EVs as nanoscale is too narrow. (LLM, conf=0.88)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

  • Extracellular vesicle isolation and characterization were performed according to MISEV 2018 and 2023.

    “EV isolation and characterization were performed according to MISEV 2018 and 2023 [49,50], as previously reported [43].”

    From Optimized Wound Healing Assay to Study Extracellular Vesicle-Driven Glioblastoma Cell Migration (2026) · cites this paper as [50]

  • The EV isolation strategy, based on differential centrifugation, aligns with the 2023 Minimal Information for Studies of Extracellular Vesicles guidelines.

    “Our EV isolation strategy, based on differential centrifugation, is cost effective and aligns with the 2023 Minimal Information for Studies of Extracellular Vesicles guidelines, 19 but more specialized platforms (ultracentrifugation, affinity purification, Simoa) may increase analytical sensitivity.”

    From Plasma extracellular vesicles from <i>APOE3</i> Christchurch carriers display a protective phenotype in early stages of autosomal dominant Alzheimer's disease (2026) · cites this paper as [19]

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Authors
Welsh, J. A., Goberdhan, D. C. I., O'Driscoll, L., Buzas, E. I., Blenkiron, C., Bussolati, B., Cai, H., Di Vizio, D., Driedonks, T. A. P., Erdbrügger, U., Falcon‐Perez, J. M., Fu, Q., Hill, A. F., Lenassi, M., Lim, S. K., Mahoney, M. G., Mohanty, S., Möller, A., Nieuwland, R., Ochiya, T., Sahoo, S., Torrecilhas, A. C., Zheng, L., Zijlstra, A., Abuelreich, S., Bagabas, R., Bergese, P., Bridges, E. M., Brucale, M., Burger, D., Carney, R. P., Cocucci, E., Crescitelli, R., Hanser, E., Harris, A. L., Haughey, N. J., Hendrix, A., Ivanov, A. R., Jovanovic‐Talisman, T., Kruh‐Garcia, N. A., Ku'ulei‐Lyn Faustino, V., Kyburz, D., Lässer, C., Lennon, K. M., Lötvall, J., Maddox, A. L., Martens‐Uzunova, E. S., Mizenko, R. R., Newman, L. A., Ridolfi, A., Rohde, E., Rojalin, T., Rowland, A., Saftics, A., Sandau, U. S., Saugstad, J. A., Shekari, F., Swift, S., Ter‐Ovanesyan, D., Tosar, J. P., Useckaite, Z., Valle, F., Varga, Z., van der Pol, E., van Herwijnen, M. J. C., Wauben, M. H. M., Wehman, A. M., Williams, S., Zendrini, A., Zimmerman, A. J., MISEV Consortium, Théry, C., & Witwer, K. W.
Affiliations
  • National Institutes of Health (US)
  • John Radcliffe Hospital (GB)
  • School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences Trinity College Dublin Dublin Ireland
  • Department of Genetics, Cell‐ and Immunobiology Semmelweis University Budapest Hungary
  • University of Auckland (NZ)
  • University of Turin (IT)
  • University of Georgia (US)
  • Department of Surgery, Division of Cancer Biology and Therapeutics Cedars‐Sinai Medical Center Los Angeles California USA
  • University Medical Center Utrecht (NL)
  • University of Virginia Health System (US)
  • Exosomes Laboratory, Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences Basque Research and Technology Alliance Derio Spain
  • Sun Yat-sen University (CN)
  • Victoria University (AU)
  • University of Ljubljana (SI)
  • Agency for Science, Technology and Research (SG)
  • Thomas Jefferson University Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA
  • All India Institute of Medical Sciences (IN)
  • Chinese University of Hong Kong (HK)
  • Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam (NL)
  • Tokyo Medical University (JP)
  • Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (US)
  • Instituto de Ciências Ambientais, Químicas e Farmacêuticas (BR)
  • Nanfang Hospital (CN)
  • Genentech (US)
  • City Of Hope National Medical Center (US)
  • University of Padua (IT)
  • University of Oxford (GB)
  • Institute of Nanostructured Materials (IT)
  • University of Ottawa (CA)
  • University of California, Davis (US)
  • The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center – Arthur G. James Cancer Hospital and Richard J. Solove Research Institute (US)
  • Wallenberg Centre for Molecular and Translational Medicine (SE)
  • University of Basel (CH)
  • Johns Hopkins University (US)
  • Ghent University (BE)
  • Northeastern University (US)
  • Department of Cancer Biology and Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research Institute City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center Duarte California USA
  • Colorado State University (US)
  • Department of Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research Institute City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center Duarte California USA
  • University of Gothenburg (SE)
  • Erasmus MC (NL)
  • Flinders University (AU)
  • Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam (NL)
  • Paracelsus Medical University (AT)
  • Oregon Health & Science University (US)
  • Royan Institute (IR)
  • Harvard University (US)
  • Universidad de la República de Uruguay (UY)
  • Biological Nanochemistry Research Group Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences Budapest Hungary
  • Amsterdam Vesicle Center, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMC University of Amsterdam Amsterdam The Netherlands
  • Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Utrecht University Utrecht The Netherlands
  • Utrecht University (NL)
  • University of Denver (US)
  • International Society for Extracellular Vesicles
  • Consorzio Interuniversitario per lo Sviluppo dei Sistemi a Grande Interfase (IT)
  • Inserm (FR)
Corresponding author
  • Welsh, Joshua A.
  • Goberdhan, Deborah C. I.
  • Théry, Clotilde
  • Witwer, Kenneth W.
ORCID
Venue
Journal of Extracellular Vesicles
Publisher
Wiley
Published
2024-02
Volume
13
Issue
2
Pages
e12404-e12404
ISSN
2001-3078 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1002/jev2.12404
PMC
PMC10850029
OpenAlex
W4391649568
Cited by
4,663
References
11
Citations by year
2026: 2143 · 2025: 1717 · 2024: 799 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 1
FWCI
636.01
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
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  • CINECA IRIS Institutial research information system (University of Pisa) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
  • Archivio istituzionale della ricerca (Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
  • Document Server@UHasselt (UHasselt) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
  • UCL Discovery (University College London) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
  • eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
  • Institutional Research Information System (Università degli Studi di Brescia) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
  • IRIS Research product catalog (Sapienza University of Rome) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
  • AIRUS (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
  • Institutional Research Information System (Università degli Studi di Trento) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
  • Institutional Research Information System University of Turin (University of Turin) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
  • Lirias (KU Leuven) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
  • ORBi (University of Liège) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
  • Open Repository and Bibliography (University of Luxembourg) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
  • Radboud Repository (Radboud University) (submittedVersion)
  • Archivio Istituzionale della Ricerca - Università degli Studi dell Aquila (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
  • OPUS (Augsburg University) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
  • Apollo (University of Cambridge) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
  • Padua Research Archive (University of Padova) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
  • PUBLISSO (German National Library of Medicine) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
  • Digital Commons-TMC (Texas Medical Center) (submittedVersion)
  • Nazarbayev University Repository (Nazarbayev University) (submittedVersion)
  • Touro Scholar (Touro College) (submittedVersion)
  • UniSA Research Outputs Repository (University of South Australia) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
  • KTH Publication Database DiVA (KTH Royal Institute of Technology) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
  • HAL (submittedVersion)
  • BOA (University of Milano-Bicocca) (submittedVersion)
  • Cronfa (Swansea University) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
  • Digital Access to Libraries (submittedVersion, other-oa)
  • DIGITAL.CSIC (Spanish National Research Council (CSIC)) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
  • Adelaide Research & Scholarship (AR&S) (University of Adelaide) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
  • Zürcher Hochschule für Angewandte Wissenschaften digital collection (Zurich University of Applied Sciences) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
  • Utrecht University Repository (Utrecht University) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
  • Portuguese National Funding Agency for Science, Research and Technology (RCAAP Project by FCT) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
  • Figshare (submittedVersion, cc-by)
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  • LillOA (Université de Lille (University Of Lille)) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
  • Fraunhofer-Publica (Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft) (submittedVersion)
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  • CINECA IRIS Institutial Research Information System (University of Genoa) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
  • NORA - Norwegian Open Research Archives (submittedVersion, other-oa)
  • ZHAW Digital Collection
Funders
  • U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs
  • Cancer Research Institute
  • AstraZeneca
  • Bayer
  • Brigham and Women's Hospital
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  • Yale University
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  • Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope
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  • Pennsylvania State University
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  • Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health
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  • Institut for Klinisk Medicin, Aarhus Universitet
  • Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum
  • University of South Carolina
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  • Canadian Institute for Theoretical Astrophysics
  • University of Bern
  • Università Degli Studi di Modena e Reggio Emila
  • Shandong University
  • Queen Mary University of London
  • Santa Clara University
  • Budapesti Műszaki és Gazdaságtudományi Egyetem
  • Guangzhou Medical University
  • Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili
  • Chapman University
  • Cancer Research Wales
  • University of Denver
  • Nottingham Trent University
  • Sheffield Hallam University
  • University of Central Lancashire
  • Oxford Brookes University
  • Somerville College, University of Oxford
  • Clínica Las Condes
  • University of South Alabama
  • Mike and Josie Harper Cancer Research Institute
  • New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited
  • Children's Healthcare of Atlanta
  • Comprehensive Cancer Center at Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center
  • Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland
  • Université Grenoble Alpes
  • Politecnico di Torino
  • Cedars-Sinai Medical Center
  • Vanderbilt University Medical Center
  • QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute
  • Touro University California
  • Ionis Pharmaceuticals
  • Eastern Virginia Medical School
  • McGill University Health Centre
  • Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste
  • Université de Lille
  • Korea University Guro Hospital
  • Children's National Hospital
  • Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa
  • Sysmex Corporation
  • Inselspital, Universitätsspital Bern
  • South Asian University
  • Kanazawa University
  • Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen
  • Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Health Systems
  • Kasturba Medical College, Manipal
  • Hackensack Meridian Health
  • Amsterdam University Medical Centers
  • Universidad Europea de Madrid
  • Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences
  • Edward Via College of Osteopathic Medicine
  • York University
  • Trent University
  • National Institute for Health and Care Research (ACF-2020-14-001)
  • British Heart Foundation (FS/IBSRF/22/25110)
  • Aberystwyth University
  • University of St Andrews
  • Imperial College London
  • University College London
  • University of Oxford
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  • University of Leeds
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  • Queen's University Belfast
  • Australian National University
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  • Swansea University
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  • University of Pretoria
  • Agency for Science, Technology and Research
  • National University of Singapore
  • University of Auckland
  • Irish Cancer Society
  • University College Dublin
  • University of Galway
  • Trinity College Dublin
  • Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg
  • Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR-18-CE16-0022)
  • Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (U1266, U1209)
  • Keio University
  • Universiteit Leiden
  • Rijksuniversiteit Groningen
  • Weizmann Institute of Science
  • University of Sydney
  • University of Technology Sydney
  • Deakin University
  • Monash University
  • University of Melbourne
  • Victoria University
  • Flinders University
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  • University of South Australia
  • Central Queensland University
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  • Sun Yat-sen University
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  • Yonsei University
  • Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology
  • Gachon University
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  • Korea University
  • Sungkyunkwan University
  • Aalborg Universitet
  • Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg
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  • Gentofte Hospital
  • Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas
  • Technische Universität Dresden
  • Dalhousie University
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  • Erasmus Medisch Centrum
  • Universität Wien
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  • Universitat de València
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  • Universitair Medisch Centrum Utrecht
  • Université de Strasbourg
  • Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science
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  • Jinan University
  • Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz
  • KU Leuven
  • Karolinska Institutet
  • Shaoyang University
  • Ligue Contre le Cancer
  • Tsinghua University
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  • Tongji University
  • Akademie Věd České Republiky
  • Kungliga Tekniska Högskolan
  • Sapienza Università di Roma
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  • Université de Toulouse
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  • Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (UMR 8576)
  • Chinese University of Hong Kong
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  • Sichuan University
  • Università degli Studi di Palermo
  • Royan Institute
  • Shanghai Jiao Tong University
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  • Universitetet i Bergen
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  • Nantong University
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  • Universitair Medisch Centrum Groningen
  • Rigshospitalet
  • Université de Montréal
  • Universidad de Costa Rica
  • Universidad de Buenos Aires (CONICET)
  • Universitetet i Oslo
  • Háskóli Íslands
  • Turun Yliopisto
  • Memorial University of Newfoundland
  • Université de Liège
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  • Technische Universität München
  • Universidade de Coimbra
  • Göteborgs Universitet
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  • Universitat de Barcelona
  • Medizinische Universität Wien
  • Universidad de Chile
  • Universidade Nova de Lisboa
  • Université de Fribourg
  • Hokkaido University
  • Università di Bologna
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  • Hospital for Sick Children
  • Radboud Universitair Medisch Centrum
  • Université de Bordeaux
  • Aalborg Universitetshospital
  • Syddansk Universitet
  • Université de Lausanne
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  • Uniwersytet Warszawski
  • Universität Zürich
  • Hospices Civils de Lyon
  • National Taiwan University
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  • Fundação Oswaldo Cruz
  • Università degli Studi di Torino
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  • Uppsala Universitet
  • Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology
  • Allgemeine Unfallversicherungsanstalt
  • Université Paris-Saclay
  • National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology
  • Università degli Studi di Brescia
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  • Università degli Studi di Roma Tor Vergata
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  • University of Hyderabad
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  • Tartu Ülikool
  • Peking University
  • Tokyo Medical and Dental University
  • Jikei University School of Medicine
  • Universität zu Köln
  • Institut Gustave-Roussy
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  • Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn
  • Université de Montpellier
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  • Universität Duisburg-Essen
  • Chung Shan Medical University
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  • Universitat de les Illes Balears
  • Universität Ulm
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  • Science for Life Laboratory
  • Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Western Australia
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  • National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry
  • Université de Recherche Paris Sciences et Lettres
  • Universiteit Hasselt
  • CHA University
  • Eötvös Loránd Tudományegyetem
  • Southern Medical University
  • Nanfang Hospital
  • Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology
  • Fakultet Medicinskih Nauka, Univerziteta U Kragujevcu
  • Christine Kühne – Center for Allergy Research and Education
  • Institute for Basic Science
  • Etablissement Français du Sang
  • Università degli Studi di Perugia
  • Masarykova Univerzita
  • Monash University Malaysia
  • Center for Alcohol Studies
  • Université de Lyon
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  • Centro Nacional de Pesquisa em Energia e Materiais
  • Versus Arthritis
  • Fundació Institut de Recerca Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron
  • Nazarbayev University
  • Institut de Cardiologie de Montréal
  • Universitätsklinikum Köln
  • Szkola Glówna Gospodarstwa Wiejskiego w Warszawie
  • National Institute of Science Education and Research
  • Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica
  • Evercyte
  • Instytut Biologii Doswiadczalnej im. M. Nenckiego PAN
  • Högskolan i Skövde
  • Université de Franche-Comté
  • Szegedi Tudományegyetem
  • KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology
  • Institut Pasteur de Montevideo
  • Pázmány Péter Katolikus Egyetem
  • China National Biotec Group Company
  • Všeobecná Fakultní Nemocnice v Praze
  • Hubei University
  • Hubei University of Science and Technology
  • Homi Bhabha National Institute
  • Cancer Center Amsterdam
  • Universitätsklinikum Erlangen
  • Sorbonne Université
  • Yeditepe Üniversitesi
  • Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research
  • Humanitas Research Hospital
  • Centre Léon Bérard
  • Renji Hospital
  • Brain Tumour Research
  • Université de Paris
  • Oncode Institute
  • Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement
  • National Institutes of Health (UH3TR002886, UH3TR002881, UH3TR002884, U18TR003807)
  • Directorate for Biological Sciences
  • University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
  • School of Medicine, New York University
  • College of Engineering, Michigan State University
  • School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University
  • University of California, Los Angeles (CONICET)
  • Weill Cornell Medical College
  • University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center
  • Medical Center, University of Pittsburgh
  • School of Medicine, Emory University
  • University of California, Davis
  • University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
  • University of California, San Diego
  • Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh
  • University of California, San Francisco
  • University of Florida Health
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  • Wake Forest School of Medicine
  • College of Science and Engineering, University of Minnesota
  • Audrey and Theodor Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth
  • Center for Clinical and Translational Research
  • Research Institute, Nationwide Children's Hospital
  • Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota
  • College of Dental Medicine, Columbia University
  • Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center
  • Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba
  • Irving Medical Center, Columbia University
  • Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado
  • College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati
  • Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval
  • Royal Veterinary College
  • College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University
  • Houston Methodist Research Institute
  • NYU Grossman School of Medicine
  • Hansjörg Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University
  • Shenzhen Research Institute, City University of Hong Kong
  • College of Medicine, Seoul National University
  • School of Medicine, University of Missouri
  • lékařská fakulta Univerzity Karlovy
  • Health Canada
  • Saban Research Institute
  • Laureate Institute for Brain Research, University of Tulsa
  • Center for Health Sciences, Oklahoma State University
  • Medical Research Council (MR/S009426/1, MR/R025096/1)
  • Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EP/V062425/1)
  • Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BB/R004862/1, BB/W012987/1, BB/K017462/1)
  • Leibniz-Gemeinschaft
  • Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (21H02706, 19K07562, 22K07056, 23K21269, 21K08670)
  • Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas
  • Universitat Politècnica de València
  • Instituto de Salud Carlos III
  • Wageningen University and Research
  • Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry
  • Sahlgrenska Akademin
  • Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge
  • Det Sundhedsvidenskabelige Fakultet, Københavns Universitet
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  • Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology
  • Yonsei University College of Medicine
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  • Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University
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  • Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland
  • Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute, University of Pretoria
  • Laboratório Nacional de Biociências
  • Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf
  • Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology
  • Helmholtz Zentrum München
  • Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, Tsinghua University
  • Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, Universidade Nova de Lisboa
  • Wallenberg Centre for Molecular and Translational Medicine
  • Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa
  • Servicio Gallego de Salud
  • Klinisk Institut, Aalborg Universitet
  • Nano Institute, University of Sydney
  • School of Science, Monash University Malaysia
  • Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade de Macau
  • National Institute on Aging (RF1AG059392, R01AG081807)
  • National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (DP2HL152426, R35HL150807, R01HL144089, T32HL007317)
  • National Institute of Mental Health (K99MH126950, L30 MH131119, R01MH134389, R33MH118164)
  • National Institute on Drug Abuse (R01DA047807)
  • National Eye Institute (R56EY034193, R21EY035425, R21EY033057, R01EY034193)
  • National Cancer Institute (P01CA229123, K99CA277242, U01CA224276, R01CA218500, UH3CA241694, K22CA282019, R00CA277242, R01CA206458, P01CA019014, R01CA249424, T32CA079443, R01CA270251, R01CA249684)
  • National Institute of General Medical Sciences (R01GM138778, R35GM136421, R35GM151259, R01GM148708, P20GM113109, R35GM149203)
  • National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (R01AI144997, R01AI174273, R01AI158749, R01AI168142)
  • National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (P30DK058404, R01DK136511)
  • National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (R01NS103967)
  • National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (R01AR072735)
  • National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (K99EB033857, P41EB024495)
  • National Institute of Child Health and Human Development
  • National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (L30 DE029070)
  • NIH Clinical Center
  • National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences
  • Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center
  • Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development
  • School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
  • NHLBI Division of Intramural Research
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Extracellular vesicles in disease
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › Cellular transport and secretion
  • Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Biomaterials › Nanoparticle-Based Drug Delivery
Keywords
extracellular vesicles, EV uptake, biological fluids, solid tissue, cell culture, biomarkers, therapeutic applications
MeSH terms
Extracellular Vesicles, Biological Transport, Phenotype, Biomarkers, Exosomes

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

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