A longitudinal investigation of changes to social resources associated with psychological distress among kurdish torture survivors living in Northern Iraq.

Hall, Brian J.; Bonanno, George A.; Bolton, Paul A.; Bass, Judith K.

doi:10.1002/jts.21930

Cited by 58Posttraumatic Stress Disorder ResearchMigration, Health and TraumaTorture, Ethics, and Law

A longitudinal investigation of changes to social resources associated with psychological distress among kurdish torture survivors living in Northern Iraq.

Hall, Brian J., Bonanno, George A., Bolton, Paul A., Bass, Judith K.·2014·Journal of Traumatic Stress

DOI 10.1002/jts.21930

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Abstract

Social resources can buffer against psychological distress following potentially traumatic events. Psychological distress can also lead to social resource deterioration. This longitudinal study evaluated whether baseline psychological distress symptoms and changes in these symptoms were associated with changes in social resources 5 months later among 96 adult male (52.6%) and female treatment‐seeking torture survivors residing in Kurdistan, Iraq. Adapted versions of the Hopkins Symptom Checklist‐25, Harvard Trauma Questionnaire, and a traumatic grief measure were used. Locally derived scales measured perceived social support, social integration, and frequency of social contact. Multinomial logistic regression models assessed the association between symptoms and loss or gain in social resources. We hypothesized that higher mental health symptoms would relate to decreased social resources. Higher baseline depression (adjusted conditional odds ratio [ACOR] = 1.14), posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD; ACOR = 1.09), and traumatic grief symptoms (ACOR = 1.14) increased the odds of loss of social integration. For some, higher traumatic grief symptoms were associated with increased social integration (ACOR = 1.17). Increased anxiety (ACOR = 1.23) and PTSD symptoms (ACOR = 1.07) was associated with declines in social contact; decreased depression (ACOR = 1.06) and PTSD symptoms (ACOR = 1.04) were related to gaining social contact. This study highlights the complex relationship between mental health symptoms and losses and gains in social resources among torture survivors.

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Hall et al. (2014) produced a 12-item traumatic grief scale with 11 items from the ITG and one Kurdish-specific symptom, 'Imitating behaviors of someone who had died'; mean scores were 8.89/36.
“This method resulted in a 12-item traumatic grief scale with 11 items from the ITG and one symptom specific to the Kurdish local population, ‘Imitating behaviors of someone who had died.’ Mean scores on this measure were 8.89/36.”
From The assessment of grief in refugees and post-conflict survivors: a narrative review of etic and emic research (2018) · cites this paper as Hall et al., 2014
"Imitating some of the same behaviors or characteristics of people who have died" was an item found to be specific for a Kurdish sample.
““Imitating some of the same behaviors or characteristics of people who have died” was an item found to be specific for a Kurdish sample (Hall et al., 2014).”
From The assessment of grief in refugees and post-conflict survivors: a narrative review of etic and emic research (2018) · cites this paper as Hall et al., 2014

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DEPREMZEDE OLMAYAN ÇALIŞANLARIN TRAVMA SONRASI STRES BOZUKLUĞU VE MENTAL İYİ OLUŞ DÜZEYLERİ: KAHRAMANMARAŞ MERKEZLİ DEPREMLER SONRASI KESİTSEL BİR ÇALIŞMA
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Chapter 2: Research methodology
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Anhaltende Trauerstörung
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Contents
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Chapter 1: Context of military operations in Ukraine
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Preface
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Conclusion
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Bibliography
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Chapter 4: Relationships between resource distribution and approaches to coping with war
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Chapter 3: Description of how resources are distributed as people adapt to war operations
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Chapter 5: Relationships between resource distribution and multidimensional consequences of being caught up in war
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List of tables
(2022) · V&R unipress eBooks · doi:10.14220/9783737015066.11
Title Pages
(2022) · V&R unipress eBooks · doi:10.14220/9783737015066.front
The Association Between Perceived Relationship Quality and Psychological Symptoms in Refugees
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Learned Helplessness and Perceived Social Support among Patients with Mental Illness: A Cross-sectional Study
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Authors: Hall, B. J., Bonanno, G. A., Bolton, P. A., & Bass, J. K.
Affiliations: Johns Hopkins University (US)
Columbia University (US)
Corresponding author: Hall, Brian J.
ORCID: Hall, Brian J.
Bonanno, George A.
Bolton, Paul A.
Bass, Judith K.
Venue: Journal of Traumatic Stress
Publisher: Wiley
Published: 2014-07-30
Volume: 27
Issue: 4
Pages: 446-453
ISSN: 0894-9867 (ISSN-L)
1573-6598
DOI: 10.1002/jts.21930
OpenAlex: W2123565236
Cited by: 58
References: 50
Citations by year: 2025: 3 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 14 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 1 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 2
FWCI: 6.30
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor (vor)
Locations: Journal of Traumatic Stress (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: National Institute of Mental Health T32 in Psychiatric Epidemiology (T32MH014592-35)
National Institute of Health Fogarty Center Global Health Fellows Program (1R25TW009340-01)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Research
Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Migration, Health and Trauma
Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Torture, Ethics, and Law
Keywords: torture survivors, psychological distress, social resources, social integration, social support, social contact, post-traumatic stress disorder, depression, anxiety, traumatic grief, Kurdistan, Iraq, Kurds
MeSH terms: Adult, Aged, Anxiety, Depression, Family, Female, Grief, Humans, Iraq, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Middle Aged, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Psychological Distance, Social Support, Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic, Torture, Survivors, Friends, Young Adult, Social Participation

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A longitudinal investigation of changes to social resources associated with psychological distress among kurdish torture survivors living in Northern Iraq.

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