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The Posttraumatic Growth Inventory: A Revision Integrating Existential and Spiritual Change

Tedeschi, Richard G., Cann, Arnie, Taku, Kanako, Senol‐Durak, Emre, Calhoun, Lawrence G.·2017·Journal of Traumatic Stress

DOI 10.1002/jts.22155

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Abstract

Spiritual Change (SC) is one of 5 domains of posttraumatic growth (PTG). The current Posttraumatic Growth Inventory (PTGI) assesses this area of growth with only 2 items, one focusing on religiosity and the other focusing on spiritual understanding. The addition of 4 newly developed spiritual-existential change (SEC) items, creating an expanded PTGI (Posttraumatic Growth Inventory-X), reflects a diversity of perspectives on spiritual-existential experiences that are represented in different cultures. Samples were obtained from 3 countries: the United States (n = 250), Turkey (n = 502), and Japan (n = 314). Analyses indicated that the newly added items capture additional experiences of growth outside traditional religious concepts, yet still are correlated with the original SC items, especially in the U.S. and Turkish samples. Relationships of the PTGI-X to established predictors of PTG, event-related rumination, and core beliefs, were as predicted in all 3 countries. The new 6-item SEC factor demonstrated high internal reliability, and the 5-factor structure of the expanded scale was supported by confirmatory factor analysis. The resulting 25-item PTGI-X can be used as a validated instrument in a wide range of samples in which traditional religious beliefs are less dominant.

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Authors: Tedeschi, R. G., Cann, A., Taku, K., Senol‐Durak, E., & Calhoun, L. G.
Affiliations: University of North Carolina at Charlotte (US)
Oakland University (US)
Department of Psychology Abant Izzet Baysal University Bolu Turkey
Corresponding author: Tedeschi, Richard G.
ORCID: Tedeschi, Richard G.
Taku, Kanako
Venue: Journal of Traumatic Stress
Publisher: Wiley
Published: 2017-01-18
Volume: 30
Issue: 1
Pages: 11-18
ISSN: 0894-9867 (ISSN-L)
1573-6598
DOI: 10.1002/jts.22155
OpenAlex: W2576438724
Cited by: 345
References: 33
Citations by year: 2026: 38 · 2025: 57 · 2024: 50 · 2023: 51 · 2022: 53 · 2021: 31 · 2020: 23 · 2019: 28 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 4
FWCI: 19.77
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor (vor)
Locations: Journal of Traumatic Stress (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Health › Religion, Spirituality, and Psychology
Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Research
Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Cancer survivorship and care
Keywords: posttraumatic growth, spiritual transformation, existential change, Posttraumatic Growth Inventory, scale revision, religiosity, cross-cultural validation, rumination, core beliefs, factor structure
MeSH terms: Adolescent, Adult, Cross-Cultural Comparison, Existentialism, Factor Analysis, Statistical, Female, Humans, Japan, Male, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Religion, Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic, Turkey, United States, Reproducibility of Results, Spirituality, Young Adult

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The Posttraumatic Growth Inventory: A Revision Integrating Existential and Spiritual Change

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