Rhinovirus enhances various bacterial adhesions to nasal epithelial cells simultaneously

Wang, Jong Hwan; Kwon, Hyun Ja; Jang, Yong Ju

doi:10.1002/lary.20498

Cited by 136Sinusitis and nasal conditionsRespiratory viral infections researchMicrobial infections and disease research

Rhinovirus enhances various bacterial adhesions to nasal epithelial cells simultaneously

Wang, Jong Hwan, Kwon, Hyun Ja, Jang, Yong Ju·2009·The Laryngoscope

DOI 10.1002/lary.20498

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Abstract

OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS: Viral upper respiratory tract infections are often followed by secondary bacterial infections in the form of acute rhinosinusitis. We investigate the effect of rhinovirus infection on the expression of cell adhesion molecules and bacterial adherence to primary human nasal epithelial cells. METHODS: Cells were infected with rhinovirus serotype 16 (RV-16), and then Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, or Hemophilus influenzae were added to the culture. Rhinovirus-induced expression of fibronectin, platelet-activating factor receptor, and carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule, was assayed by confocal microscopy, real-time polymerase chain reaction, and Western blot analysis. Bacterial adhesion to cells was assessed by confocal microscopy and the fluorescence intensity of adherent bacteria was analyzed using Image-Pro Plus 5.1 (Media Cybernetics, Inc., Bethesda, MD). RESULTS: RV-16 infection significantly increased the gene and protein expression of fibronectin, platelet-activating factor receptor, and carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule in nasal epithelial cells. Compared with rhinovirus-uninfected control cells, the adhesion of S. aureus, S. pneumoniae, and H. influenzae increased significantly to 2.53-fold, 1.51-fold, and 2.74-fold of control levels, respectively, in rhinovirus-infected nasal epithelial cells. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that increased expression of host cell adhesion molecules may be the mechanism accounting for the increase in susceptibility to bacterial rhinosinusitis associated with rhinovirus-induced upper respiratory infections.

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In experimental in vitro models, viral infections increase the colonization rates of various bacteria in the URT, including S. pneumoniae and H. influenzae.
“In experimental in vitro models, viral infections increase the colonization rates of various bacteria in the URT (90–95), including S. pneumoniae and H. influenzae (86–88).”
From Respiratory viral infection-induced microbiome alterations and secondary bacterial pneumonia. (2018) · cites this paper as [88]
Given the effects of viruses on enhancing bacterial adherence to the epithelium, multiple studies of human subjects as well as in animal models have shown that viral infections are associated with increased colonization by potentially pathogenic bacteria.
“Given the effects of viruses on enhancing bacterial adherence to the epithelium (86–88), it is perhaps not surprising that multiple studies of human subjects as well as in animal models have shown that viral infections are associated with increased colonization by potentially pathogenic bacteria”
From Respiratory viral infection-induced microbiome alterations and secondary bacterial pneumonia. (2018) · cites this paper as [88]
Epithelium-derived cytokines and chemokines, by increasing cellular recruitment into infected airways, are believed to be responsible for damaging both infected and uninfected areas of the lung.
“Epithelium-derived cytokines and chemokines, by increasing cellular recruitment into infected airways, are believed to be responsible for damaging both infected and uninfected areas of the lung (117, 305).”
From The airway epithelium: soldier in the fight against respiratory viruses (2011) · cites this paper as [305]

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Authors: Wang, J. H., Kwon, H. J., & Jang, Y. J.
Affiliations: Asan Medical Center (KR)
Corresponding author: Jang, Yong Ju
ORCID: Jang, Yong Ju
Venue: The Laryngoscope
Publisher: Wiley
Published: 2009-05-11
Volume: 119
Issue: 7
Pages: 1406-1411
ISSN: 0023-852X (ISSN-L)
1531-4995
DOI: 10.1002/lary.20498
OpenAlex: W1968063603
Cited by: 136
References: 21
Citations by year: 2026: 3 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 11 · 2020: 13 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 10 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 13 · 2013: 12 · 2012: 8
FWCI: 7.34
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor (vor)
Locations: The Laryngoscope (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: Asan Institute for Life Science (2007-345)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Otorhinolaryngology › Sinusitis and nasal conditions
Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Respiratory viral infections research
Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Microbiology › Microbial infections and disease research
Keywords: rhinovirus, bacterial adhesion, nasal epithelial cells, acute sinusitis, secondary bacterial infection, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, adhesion molecules, fibronectin, platelet-activating factor receptor, CEACAM, upper respiratory tract infection
MeSH terms: Bacterial Adhesion, Carcinoembryonic Antigen, Cell Adhesion, Disease Susceptibility, Epithelial Cells, Fibronectins, Haemophilus influenzae, Humans, Nasal Mucosa, Platelet Membrane Glycoproteins, Rhinovirus, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Blotting, Western, Microscopy, Confocal, Statistics, Nonparametric, Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction, Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled

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Rhinovirus enhances various bacterial adhesions to nasal epithelial cells simultaneously

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