Cognitive contributions to gait and falls: evidence and implications
Open accessAbstract
Dementia and gait impairments often coexist in older adults and patients with neurodegenerative disease. Both conditions represent independent risk factors for falls. The relationship between cognitive function and gait has recently received increasing attention. Gait is no longer considered merely automated motor activity but rather an activity that requires executive function and attention as well as judgment of external and internal cues. In this review, we intend to: (1) summarize and synthesize the experimental, neuropsychological, and neuroimaging evidence that supports the role played by cognition in the control of gait; and (2) briefly discuss the implications deriving from the interplay between cognition and gait. In recent years, the dual task paradigm has been widely used as an experimental method to explore the interplay between gait and cognition. Several neuropsychological investigations have also demonstrated that walking relies on the use of several cognitive domains, including executive‐attentional function, visuospatial abilities, and even memory resources. A number of morphological and functional neuroimaging studies have offered additional evidence supporting the relationship between gait and cognitive resources. Based on the findings from 3 lines of studies, it appears that a growing body of evidence indicates a pivotal role of cognition in gait control and fall prevention. The interplay between higher‐order neural function and gait has a number of clinical implications, ranging from integrated assessment tools to possible innovative lines of interventions, including cognitive therapy for falls prevention on one hand and walking program for reducing dementia risk on the other. © 2013 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
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Gait variability predicts fall risk in healthy and clinical cohorts.
“Gait variability predicts fall risk in healthy and clinical cohorts [152,153].”
From Global consensus on optimal exercise recommendations for enhancing healthy longevity in older adults (ICFSR) (2025) · cites this paper as [153]
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- Authors
- Amboni, M., Barone, P., & Hausdorff, J. M.
- Affiliations
- University of Salerno (IT)
- Harvard University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Hausdorff, Jeffrey M.
- Venue
- Movement Disorders
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2013-09-15
- Volume
- 28
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- 1520-1533
- ISSN
- 0885-3185 (ISSN-L)
- 1531-8257
- PMC
- PMC4119872
- OpenAlex
- W1661600686
- Cited by
- 565
- References
- 105
- Citations by year
- 2026: 42 · 2025: 50 · 2024: 41 · 2023: 51 · 2022: 53 · 2021: 44 · 2020: 61 · 2019: 45 · 2018: 42 · 2017: 40 · 2016: 43 · 2015: 32 · 2014: 18 · 2013: 2
- FWCI
- 4.49
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- europepmc.org
- Locations
- Movement Disorders (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute on Aging (R21AG034227)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation › Balance, Gait, and Falls Prevention
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Cognitive Functions and Memory
- Keywords
- gait control, falls, dementia, executive function, attention, dual-task paradigm, neurodegenerative diseases, older adults, fall prevention, cognitive therapy, visuospatial ability, memory, integrated assessment, walking program
- MeSH terms
- Accidental Falls, Cognition, Gait, Humans, Neuropsychological Tests, Parkinson Disease, Neuroimaging
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
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