The Antisteatotic and Hypolipidemic Effect of Insect Meal in Obese Zucker Rats is Accompanied by Profound Changes in Hepatic Phospholipid and 1-Carbon Metabolism
Abstract
Scope: The hypothesis is tested that insect meal, which has a low methionine content, reduces the hepatic phosphatidylcholine (PC):phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) ratio, which is a critical determinant of hepatic lipid synthesis, by decreasing availability of the methionine metabolite S‐adenosylmethionine (SAM). Methods and results: Obese rats (n = 24) are randomly divided into two groups (Obese Casein and Obese Insect) of 12 rats each. In addition, lean rats (n = 12) are used as control group (LC). Groups LC and OC receive a control diet with casein as protein source, whereas in the OI group, casein is replaced isonitrogenously by insect meal, which is found to be less digestible (–12% units). Plasma and liver concentrations of lipids and hepatic expression of lipid synthesizing genes are reduced in the OI group compared to the OC group. Plasma and liver concentration of PC and the PC:PE ratio are decreased in the OI group compared to the OC group, while hepatic concentration of SAM and the hepatic SAM:S‐adenosylhomocysteine (SAH) ratio is lower in the OI group than in the OC group. Conclusion: The decrease of the hepatic PC:PE ratio is probably a key mechanism explaining the pronounced antisteatotic and hypolipidemic action of insect meal in obese rats.
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A marked inhibition of lipid synthetic pathways in the liver is an important mechanism underlying the lipid-lowering action of Tenebrio molitor meal.
“As an important mechanism underlying this lipid-lowering action of Tenebrio molitor meal, a marked inhibition of lipid synthetic pathways in the liver has been identified [17,18].”
From Effect of Ecdysterone on the Hepatic Transcriptome and Lipid Metabolism in Lean and Obese Zucker Rats (2021) · cites this paper as [18]
Feeding of protein-rich insect meal produced from Tenebrio molitor markedly decreases liver and/or plasma lipids in obese Zucker rats.
“recent reports showed that feeding of protein-rich insect meal produced from industrialised mass-rearing of the edible species Tenebrio molitor markedly decreases liver and/or plasma lipids in obese Zucker rats [17,18,30].”
From Effect of Ecdysterone on the Hepatic Transcriptome and Lipid Metabolism in Lean and Obese Zucker Rats (2021) · cites this paper as [18]
Feeding IM from Tenebrio molitor instead of casein causes a marked attenuation of liver steatosis and hyperlipidemia due to the inhibition of hepatic TG and cholesterol synthesis in obese Zucker rats.
“Interestingly, we have recently demonstrated in two studies with obese Zucker rats that feeding IM from Yellow mealworm (Tenebrio molitor L.) instead of casein as a protein source also causes a marked attenuation of liver steatosis and hyperlipidemia due to the inhibition of hepatic triacylglycerol (TG) and cholesterol synthesis [14,15].”
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Meyer, S., Schäfer, L., Röhrig, J., Maheshwari, G., Most, E., Zorn, H., Ringseis, R., Eder, K., & Gessner, D. K. (2020) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu12040987 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
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Gałęcki, R., Wesolowska, B., & Grabowski, N. T. (2026) · Animals · doi:10.3390/ani16111623 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Powdered edible locust enhances nitrogen excretion and presents a low-energy value in growing rats
Ochiai, M., & Inada, M. (2020) · Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology · doi:10.1016/j.aspen.2020.08.019 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Grundmann, S. M., Herrero-Encinas, J., & Eder, K. (2024) · Journal of Insects as Food and Feed · doi:10.1163/23524588-00001134 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Self-citationInsect oil as a dietary supplement to regulate lipid metabolism
Ajiboye, B. O., & Famusiwa, C. D. (2025) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-23934-2.00012-3
Schäfer, L., Grundmann, S. M., Hepp, V., Herrero-Encinas, J., Rühl, M., Most, E., Ringseis, R., & Eder, K. (2025) · Poultry Science · doi:10.1016/j.psj.2025.105517
Self-citationGałęcki, R., Nowak, A., Nizioł, J., Ruman, T., Płaza‐Altamer, A., & Szulc, J. (2026) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms27177627
- Authors
- Meyer, S., Gessner, D. K., Wen, G., Most, E., Liebisch, G., Zorn, H., Ringseis, R., & Eder, K.
- Affiliations
- Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen (DE)
- University Hospital Regensburg (DE)
- Corresponding author
- Ringseis, Robert
- Venue
- Molecular Nutrition & Food Research
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2019-02
- Volume
- 63
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- e1801305-e1801305
- ISSN
- 1613-4125 (ISSN-L)
- 1613-4133
- OpenAlex
- W2914002147
- Cited by
- 23
- References
- 77
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 1
- FWCI
- 2.09
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Molecular Nutrition & Food Research (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- University of Regensburg Publication Server (University of Regensburg) (submittedVersion)
- Publikationsdatenbank der Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft (Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft) (submittedVersion)
- Fraunhofer-Publica (Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Hessisches Ministerium für Wissenschaft und Kunst (LOEWE research center “Insect Biotechnology and)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Insect Science › Insect Utilization and Effects
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diet, Metabolism, and Disease
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Biochemistry › Lipid metabolism and biosynthesis
- Keywords
- insect meal, hypolipidemic effect, hepatic steatosis, hepatic lipid synthesis, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, S-adenosylmethionine, S-adenosylhomocysteine, methionine metabolism, one-carbon metabolism, obesity, casein replacement, protein sources
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Animal Feed, Carbon, Cholesterol, Energy Metabolism, Gene Expression Regulation, Hyperlipidemias, Liver, Male, Methionine, Obesity, Phosphatidylcholines, Phosphatidylethanolamines, Phospholipids, Rats, Zucker, Tenebrio, Lipid Metabolism
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