Meta‐analysis of the association between body mass index and health‐related quality of life among adults, assessed by the SF‐36
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Objective: Obesity is associated with impaired overall health‐related quality of life but individual studies suggest the relationship may differ for mental and physical quality of life. A systematic review using Medline, Embase, PsycINFO and ISI Web of Knowledge, and random effects meta‐analysis was undertaken. Design and Methods: Studies were included in the meta‐analysis if they were conducted on adults (defined as age >16 years), reported an overall physical and mental component score of the SF‐36, and, or both. Heterogeneity was assessed using I 2 statistics and publication and small study biases using funnel plots and Egger's test. Between‐study heterogeneity was explored using meta‐regression. Results: Eight eligible studies provided 42 estimates of effect size, based on 43,086 study participants. Adults with higher than normal body mass index had significantly reduced physical quality of life with a clear dose‐response relationship across all categories. Among class III obese adults, the score was reduced by 9.72 points (95% Confidence Interval 7.24, 12.20, P < 0.001). Mental quality of life was also significantly reduced among class III obese (−1.75, 95% confidence interval −3.33, −0.16, P = 0.031), but was not significantly different among obese (class I and class II) individuals, and was significantly increased among overweight adults (0.42, 95% confidence interval 0.17, 0.67, P = 0.001), compared to normal weight individuals. Heterogeneity was high in some categories, but there was no significant publication or small study bias. Conclusions: Different patterns were observed for physical and mental HRQoL, but both were impaired in obese individuals. This meta‐analysis provides further evidence on the impact of obesity on both aspects of health‐related quality of life.
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In a recent systematic review, mental health assessed by the mental component score of the Short Form-36 was reduced among class III obese individuals, but was not significantly different among obese (class I and class II) participants, and increased among overweight adults, compared to normal weight individuals.
“In a recent systematic review of observational studies,36 mental health, as assessed by the mental component score of the Short Form-36, was reduced among class III obese individuals, but was not significantly different among obese (class I and class II) participants, and increased among overweight adults, compared to normal weight individuals.”
From Major health-related behaviours and mental well-being in the general population: the Health Survey for England (2014) · cites this paper as [36]
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- Authors
- Ul‐Haq, Z., Mackay, D. F., Fenwick, E., & Pell, J. P.
- Affiliations
- University of Glasgow (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Pell, Jill P.
- Venue
- Obesity
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2013-03
- Volume
- 21
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- E322-7
- ISSN
- 1930-7381 (ISSN-L)
- 1930-739X
- OpenAlex
- W2006389546
- Cited by
- 311
- References
- 43
- Citations by year
- 2026: 12 · 2025: 28 · 2024: 29 · 2023: 30 · 2022: 32 · 2021: 29 · 2020: 24 · 2019: 17 · 2018: 30 · 2017: 19 · 2016: 12 · 2015: 18 · 2014: 26 · 2013: 4 · 2012: 1
- FWCI
- 2.85
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Obesity (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Higher Education Commission
- Pakistan (project “Development of Khyber Medical University, Peshawar”)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Obesity, Physical Activity, Diet
- Social Sciences › Economics, Econometrics and Finance › Economics and Econometrics › Health Systems, Economic Evaluations, Quality of Life
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › Pharmacy › Obesity and Health Practices
- Keywords
- body mass index, health-related quality of life, overweight, physical quality of life, psychological quality of life, SF-36, morbid obesity, dose-response relationship, adults
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Humans, Obesity, Quality of Life, Body Mass Index, Overweight
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