The DOI matches its Crossref record; 42 of the 42 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Entanglement is not enough
Open accessAbstract
This is the written version of a lecture given at KITP in Oct 2014 on Black Holes and quantum complexity. I've included (in boldface) various questions that came up during the lecture and discussions the following day, as well as the quantitative calculations that form the basis of the arguments.
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“This is the fact that the wormhole is getting longer [62, 63].”
From Replica wormholes and the entropy of Hawking radiation (2020) · cites this paper as [63]
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In the citing paper
“The entropy of region R without considering the island grows linearly with time t b , S Hawking ∼ πc 6β t b .”
From Replica wormholes for an evaporating 2D black hole (2021) · cites this paper as [69]
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Citations
Cites
Simulating physics with computers
Feynman, R. P. (1982) · International Journal of Theoretical Physics · doi:10.1007/bf02650179 · Cited by 7,691
Average entropy of a subsystem
Page, D. N. (1993) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.71.1291 · Cited by 1,578
Eternal black holes in anti-de Sitter
Maldacena, J. (2003) · Journal of High Energy Physics · doi:10.1088/1126-6708/2003/04/021 · Cited by 1,555
Black holes and the butterfly effect
Shenker, S. H., & Stanford, D. (2014) · Journal of High Energy Physics · doi:10.1007/jhep03(2014)067 · Cited by 1,533
Greenberger, D. M., Horne, M. A., & Zeilinger, A. (1989) · Bell’s Theorem, Quantum Theory and Conceptions of the Universe · doi:10.1007/978-94-017-0849-4_10 · Cited by 1,513
Black Holes: Complementarity or Firewalls?
Almheiri, A., Marolf, D., Polchinski, J., & Sully, J. (2012) · arXiv · doi:10.48550/arxiv.1207.3123 · Cited by 1,471
Black holes: complementarity or firewalls?
Almheiri, A., Marolf, D., Polchinski, J., & Sully, J. (2013) · Journal of High Energy Physics · doi:10.1007/jhep02(2013)062 · Cited by 1,470
Black holes as mirrors: quantum information in random subsystems
Hayden, P., & Preskill, J. (2007) · Journal of High Energy Physics · doi:10.1088/1126-6708/2007/09/120 · Cited by 1,332
Cool horizons for entangled black holes
Maldacena, J., & Susskind, L. (2013) · Fortschritte der Physik · doi:10.1002/prop.201300020 · Cited by 1,304
Self-citationInformation in black hole radiation
Page, D. N. (1993) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.71.3743 · Cited by 1,172 · cited 1×
“Again, if one assumes that the initial black hole was well scrambled, then any small subset of the degrees of freedom will be maximally entangled with the rest [12].”
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- S. H.ShenkerandD.Stanford arXiv:1312.3296 [hep‐th]. · arXiv
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Circuit complexity for coherent-thermal states in bosonic string theory
Shabir, A., Dey, S., Wani, S. S., Lone, S., Rubab, S., & Faizal, M. (2023) · The European Physical Journal C · doi:10.1140/epjc/s10052-023-11967-0
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Ye, Z.-L., Wang, Y., Yang, R.-X., & Liu, D.-J. (2024) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.4864832
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Astaneh, A. F. (2024) · Journal of High Energy Physics · doi:10.1007/jhep10(2024)059
Spread Complexity of High Energy Neutrino Propagation over Astrophysical Distances
Dixit, K., Haque, S. S., & Razzaque, S. (2025) · International Journal of Theoretical Physics · doi:10.1007/s10773-024-05873-8
Geometric measure of quantum complexity in cosmological systems
Chowdhury, S., Martin Bojowald, A., & B, J. M. A. (2025) · Physical review. D/Physical review. D. · doi:10.1103/physrevd.111.036036
Tavanfar, A., Alipour, S., & Rezakhani, A. T. (2025) · Universe · doi:10.3390/universe11050162
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de Buruaga, N. S. S. (2025) · Physical review. B./Physical review. B · doi:10.1103/physrevb.111.245107 · Cited by 2
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Dongsu Bak, A., Kim, C., & Yi, S.-H. (2025) · Physical review. D/Physical review. D. · doi:10.1103/98z9-qdhq
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Lorentzian threads and nonlocal computation in holography
Cáceres, E., Carrasco, R., & Pedraza, J. F. (2026) · Physical review. D/Physical review. D. · doi:10.1103/bk1l-3ffb
Relaxation process during complex time evolution in two-dimensional integrable and chaotic CFTs
Bai, C., Mao, W., Nozaki, M., Tan, M. T., & Wen, X. (2026) · Journal of High Energy Physics · doi:10.1007/jhep08(2026)085
Quantum complexity of finite-temperature charged particle in magnetic field
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Holographic complexity of conformal fields in global de Sitter spacetime
Parihar, S., & Roy, S. (2026) · Journal of High Energy Physics · doi:10.1007/jhep09(2026)238
Information dynamics in quantum harmonic systems: insights from toy models
Pirmoradian, R., & Tanhayi, M. R. (2026) · Quantum Information Processing · doi:10.1007/s11128-026-05207-z
Majumdar, M. G. (2026) · Quantum Studies Mathematics and Foundations · doi:10.1007/s40509-026-00400-2
Entanglement Entropy and Complexity of Multicomponent Universe from Holography
Mahanta, R., Guin, G., Paul, S., & Gangopadhyay, S. (2026) · Progress of Theoretical and Experimental Physics · doi:10.1093/ptep/ptag115
Metadata
- Authors
- Susskind, L.
- Affiliations
- Stanford University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Susskind, Leonard
- ORCID
- Susskind, Leonard
- Venue
- Fortschritte der Physik
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2016-01
- Volume
- 64
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 49-71
- ISSN
- 0015-8208 (ISSN-L)
- 1521-3978
- OpenAlex
- W2162408901
- Cited by
- 427
- References
- 38
- Citations by year
- 2026: 15 · 2025: 31 · 2024: 31 · 2023: 47 · 2022: 49 · 2021: 62 · 2020: 48 · 2019: 52 · 2018: 48 · 2017: 29 · 2016: 11
- FWCI
- 22.53
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- arxiv.org
- Locations
- Fortschritte der Physik (publishedVersion)
- arXiv (Cornell University) (submittedVersion)
- arXiv (Cornell University)
- Funders
- National Science Foundation (0756174)
- John Templeton Foundation
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Nuclear and High Energy Physics › Black Holes and Theoretical Physics
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics › Quantum many-body systems
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Nuclear and High Energy Physics › Noncommutative and Quantum Gravity Theories
- Keywords
- black holes, quantum complexity, quantum entanglement, quantum chaos, black hole information
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