Cited by 1,069Biofield Effects and BiophysicsChemical and Physical StudiesSpectroscopy and Quantum Chemical Studies

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Long-range coherence and energy storage in biological systems.

Fröhlich, H.·1968·International Journal of Quantum Chemistry

DOI 10.1002/qua.560020505

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Abstract

Abstract Biological systems are expected to have a branch of longitudinal electric modes in a frequency region between 10 11 and 10 12 sec −1 . They are based on the dipolar properties of cell membranes; of certain bonds recurring in giant molecules (such as H bonds) and possibly on pockets of non‐localized electrons. In Section 2 it is shown quit generally that if energy is supplied above a certain mean rate to such a branch, then a steady state will be reached in which a single mode of this branch is very strongly excited. The supplied energy is thus not completely thermalized but stored in a highly ordered fashion. This order expresses itself in long‐range phase correlations; the phenomenon has considerable similarity with the low‐temperature condensation of a Bose gas. General consequences and proposals of experiments are discussed in section 3.

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Concept of Off-Diagonal Long-Range Order and the Quantum Phases of Liquid He and of Superconductors
Yang, C. N. (1962) · Reviews of Modern Physics · doi:10.1103/revmodphys.34.694 · Cited by 1,457
Bose condensation of strongly excited longitudinal electric modes
Fröhlich, H. (1968) · Physics Letters A · doi:10.1016/0375-9601(68)90242-9 · Cited by 273
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H.Fröhlich Quantum Mechanics and Biology talk given at the Versailles Conference 1967 on Theoretical Physics and Biology to be Published.
A.Szent Györgui Charge Charge Transfer and Cellular Activity talk given at the Versailles Conference (1967) to be published.

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Authors: Fröhlich, H.
Affiliations: University of Liverpool (GB)
Corresponding author: Fröhlich, H.
Venue: International Journal of Quantum Chemistry
Publisher: Wiley
Published: 1968-09
Volume: 2
Issue: 5
Pages: 641-649
ISSN: 0020-7608 (ISSN-L)
1097-461X
DOI: 10.1002/qua.560020505
OpenAlex: W1566370426
Cited by: 1,069
References: 2
Citations by year: 2026: 42 · 2025: 35 · 2024: 26 · 2023: 25 · 2022: 43 · 2021: 30 · 2020: 32 · 2019: 38 · 2018: 25 · 2017: 28 · 2016: 29 · 2015: 28 · 2014: 33 · 2013: 32 · 2012: 34
FWCI: 2.20
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor (vor, 13190 d)
Locations: International Journal of Quantum Chemistry (publishedVersion)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Complementary and alternative medicine › Biofield Effects and Biophysics
Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Biophysics › Chemical and Physical Studies
Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics › Spectroscopy and Quantum Chemical Studies
Keywords: long-range coherence, energy storage, biological systems, hydrogen bonding, phase correlation, steady-state excitation

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Long-range coherence and energy storage in biological systems.

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