Bose condensation of strongly excited longitudinal electric modes
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Earlier biophysical models demonstrated how systems of electric dipoles can condense into stable coherent states at high temperatures if a steady supply of metabolic energy is pumped through the system.
“In fact, earlier biophysical models (Frohlich 1968, 1977, Wu and Austin 1981) had demonstrated how systems of electric dipoles (like tubulin subunits of MTs) can “condense” into stable coherent states at high temperatures if a steady supply of metabolic energy is pumped through the system.”
From A quantum microtubule substrate of consciousness is experimentally supported and solves the binding and epiphenomenalism problems (2025) · cites this paper as Frohlich 1968
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Long-range coherence and energy storage in biological systems.
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Self-citationBose–Einstein condensation of quasi-equilibrium magnons at room temperature under pumping
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“In 1968, Herbert Fröhlich postulated that biological systems exhibit coherent longitudinal vibrations of electrically polar structures (Fröhlich 1968a,b, 1969).”
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“…attempt to represent the brain as a quantum or quantum-like object (Penrose, 1989; Lockwood, 1989; Satinover, 2001), for which several mechanisms have been suggested (Fröhlich, 1968; Stuart et al., 1978, 1979; Beck and Eccles, 1992; Vitiello, 1995; Hagan et al., 2002; Pessa and Vitiello, 2003).”
BackgroundMolecular Semiconductors for Logic Operations: Dead‐End or Bright Future?
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“However, it is known that a BEC can be prepared even at room temperature by a strong increase in the density [15] of weakly”
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Self-citationExcitation of vibrations in microtubules in living cells
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“N N Z s kT [2]”
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“Though the energy quantum of such EM fields was 1–3 orders lower than kBT , some physical mechanisms have been developed that take into account collective excitations in biological structures (Fröhlich, 1968b; Pokorny and Wu, 1998).”
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“oscillations and the generation of electromagnetic fields play important roles in living cells, and their disturbances occur in cancer cells [118,119].”
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“In this respect, Frölich was a pioneer, postulating several years ago that EMFs might exert biological effects, such as coherent electrical polar oscillations, the generation of EMFs in living cells [5–8] and associated disturbances in cancer cells [9].”
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“Fröhlich predicted coherent vibrations of longitudinal polarization modes in biological structures (Fröhlich, 1968, 1980).”
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“In this manner biopolymers make use of a quantum system of many bosons, according to Bose-Einstein statistics, being embedded in a surrounding field (Fröhlich, 1968; 1988).”
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“In fact, earlier biophysical models (Frohlich 1968, 1977, Wu and Austin 1981) had demonstrated how systems of electric dipoles (like tubulin subunits of MTs) can “con-dense” into stable coherent states at high temperatures if a steady supply of metabolic energy is pumped through the system.”
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“The latter field, composed of the Fröhlich-like excitations of different collective modes can be influenced by the informed water with interactions, analogous to the interactions between such (Fröhlich like) systems, as proposed by [14, 30].”
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“Quantum coherence was postulated to be provided by Fröhlich condensation [25–27] a predicted but unobserved macroscopic quantum effect.”
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“…by n1 ni nz where I ¼ 1; 2; 3; . . . ; z: ð2Þ Energy transfer between vibration modes of the polarization waves may be described by the rate equations (Fröhlich, 1968a, 1968b, 1980) _ni ¼si fi½ni expðbniÞ ðni þ 1Þ X j wij½niðnj þ 1Þ expðbniÞ ðni þ 1Þnj expðbnjÞ ; ð3Þ where ni is the occupation…”
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“In 1968, Fröhlich proposed the Bose–Einstein condensation an biological systems with quantum coherence involving long-range correlations, called Fröhlich condensation [27,28].”
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“Fröhlich predicted coherent electrical polar oscillations and generation of electromagnetic fields in living cells (Fröhlich, 1968a, b, 1969, 1973, 1980) and their disturbances in cancer cells (Fröhlich, 1978).”
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Bose–Einstein condensation of magnons in polycrystalline gadolinium with nano-size grains
Mathew, S. P., & Kaul, S. N. (2011) · Journal of Physics Condensed Matter · doi:10.1088/0953-8984/23/26/266003 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Bolterauer, H. (1999) · Bioelectrochemistry and Bioenergetics · doi:10.1016/s0302-4598(99)00030-6 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Theory of Non-Linear Excitations
Kaiser, F. (1988) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-73309-3_2 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
- Authors
- Fröhlich, H.
- Affiliations
- University of Liverpool (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Fröhlich, H.
- Venue
- Physics Letters A
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 1968-03
- Volume
- 26
- Issue
- 9
- Pages
- 402-403
- ISSN
- 0375-9601 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2020018260
- Cited by
- 273
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 10 · 2014: 7 · 2013: 10 · 2012: 7
- FWCI
- 1.64
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Physics Letters A (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics › Dust and Plasma Wave Phenomena
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics › Strong Light-Matter Interactions
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics › Quantum and Classical Electrodynamics
- Keywords
- Bose-Einstein condensation, excitation energy distribution
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
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