Cited by 1,069Biofield Effects and BiophysicsChemical and Physical StudiesSpectroscopy and Quantum Chemical Studies

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Long-range coherence and energy storage in biological systems.

Fröhlich, H.·1968·International Journal of Quantum Chemistry

DOI 10.1002/qua.560020505

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Abstract

Abstract Biological systems are expected to have a branch of longitudinal electric modes in a frequency region between 10 11 and 10 12 sec −1 . They are based on the dipolar properties of cell membranes; of certain bonds recurring in giant molecules (such as H bonds) and possibly on pockets of non‐localized electrons. In Section 2 it is shown quit generally that if energy is supplied above a certain mean rate to such a branch, then a steady state will be reached in which a single mode of this branch is very strongly excited. The supplied energy is thus not completely thermalized but stored in a highly ordered fashion. This order expresses itself in long‐range phase correlations; the phenomenon has considerable similarity with the low‐temperature condensation of a Bose gas. General consequences and proposals of experiments are discussed in section 3.

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Yang, C. N. (1962) · Reviews of Modern Physics · doi:10.1103/revmodphys.34.694 · Cited by 1,457
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Fröhlich, H. (1968) · Physics Letters A · doi:10.1016/0375-9601(68)90242-9 · Cited by 273
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H.Fröhlich Quantum Mechanics and Biology talk given at the Versailles Conference 1967 on Theoretical Physics and Biology to be Published.
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Authors: Fröhlich, H.
Affiliations: University of Liverpool (GB)
Corresponding author: Fröhlich, H.
Venue: International Journal of Quantum Chemistry
Publisher: Wiley
Published: 1968-09
Volume: 2
Issue: 5
Pages: 641-649
ISSN: 0020-7608 (ISSN-L)
1097-461X
DOI: 10.1002/qua.560020505
OpenAlex: W1566370426
Cited by: 1,069
References: 2
Citations by year: 2026: 42 · 2025: 35 · 2024: 26 · 2023: 25 · 2022: 43 · 2021: 30 · 2020: 32 · 2019: 38 · 2018: 25 · 2017: 28 · 2016: 29 · 2015: 28 · 2014: 33 · 2013: 32 · 2012: 34
FWCI: 2.20
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor (vor, 13190 d)
Locations: International Journal of Quantum Chemistry (publishedVersion)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Complementary and alternative medicine › Biofield Effects and Biophysics
Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Biophysics › Chemical and Physical Studies
Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics › Spectroscopy and Quantum Chemical Studies
Keywords: long-range coherence, energy storage, biological systems, hydrogen bonding, phase correlation, steady-state excitation

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Long-range coherence and energy storage in biological systems.

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