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Long-range coherence and energy storage in biological systems.
Abstract
Abstract Biological systems are expected to have a branch of longitudinal electric modes in a frequency region between 10 11 and 10 12 sec −1 . They are based on the dipolar properties of cell membranes; of certain bonds recurring in giant molecules (such as H bonds) and possibly on pockets of non‐localized electrons. In Section 2 it is shown quit generally that if energy is supplied above a certain mean rate to such a branch, then a steady state will be reached in which a single mode of this branch is very strongly excited. The supplied energy is thus not completely thermalized but stored in a highly ordered fashion. This order expresses itself in long‐range phase correlations; the phenomenon has considerable similarity with the low‐temperature condensation of a Bose gas. General consequences and proposals of experiments are discussed in section 3.
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“In such proposed microtubule automata, tubulin states interact and update coherently at discrete time steps attributed to theorized [62] or experimentally-observed coherent MT resonances, e.g. in the low megahertz range [53], potentially resulting in millions of synchronized updates per second [63].”
From Cytoskeletal signaling: is memory encoded in microtubule lattices by CaMKII phosphorylation? (2012) · cites this paper as [62]
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Self-citation
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- H.Fröhlich Quantum Mechanics and Biology talk given at the Versailles Conference 1967 on Theoretical Physics and Biology to be Published.
- A.Szent Györgui Charge Charge Transfer and Cellular Activity talk given at the Versailles Conference (1967) to be published.
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“Although the average energy in mode 1 quickly approaches a limiting value in accordance with Fröhlich’s predictions (1), the instantaneous energy in mode 1, also shown in Fig.”
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“…also been viewed in the context of cellular (“molecular”) automata in which tubulin states interact with hexagonal lattice neighbor tubulin states by dipole couplings, synchronized by biomolecular coherence as proposed by Fröhlich (1968, 1970, 1975); (Smith et al., 1984; Rasmussen et al., 1990).”
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“In addition to describing typical transverse oscillations of a dipole, responsible for generating classical EM fields, Fröhlich ’s equations also describe longitudinal oscillations (Fröhlich, 1968).”
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“On the physical basis used by Frohlich [34] [35], it comes that the evolution equation of the activated enzyme molecules can be described by the well-known classical Van der Pol equation € x À eð1 À x 2 Þ_ x þ x ¼ 0: ð1Þ Such reactions are not isolated but coupled in the biological systems where there is a cooperative…”
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“Herbert Fröhlich (1968) has shown for the first time how spontaneous synchronisation could be established within biological macromolecules by modelling them as a system of thermally driven electro-elastically coupled electric dipole oscillators.”
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“In addition microtubules may possibly utilize non-specific thermal energy for “laser-like” coherent pumping, for example in the GigaHertz range by a mechanism of “pumped phonons” suggested by Fröhlich (1968, 1970, 1975).”
Background
Metadata
- Authors
- Fröhlich, H.
- Affiliations
- University of Liverpool (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Fröhlich, H.
- Venue
- International Journal of Quantum Chemistry
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 1968-09
- Volume
- 2
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 641-649
- ISSN
- 0020-7608 (ISSN-L)
- 1097-461X
- OpenAlex
- W1566370426
- Cited by
- 1,069
- References
- 2
- Citations by year
- 2026: 42 · 2025: 35 · 2024: 26 · 2023: 25 · 2022: 43 · 2021: 30 · 2020: 32 · 2019: 38 · 2018: 25 · 2017: 28 · 2016: 29 · 2015: 28 · 2014: 33 · 2013: 32 · 2012: 34
- FWCI
- 2.20
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- International Journal of Quantum Chemistry (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Complementary and alternative medicine › Biofield Effects and Biophysics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Biophysics › Chemical and Physical Studies
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics › Spectroscopy and Quantum Chemical Studies
- Keywords
- long-range coherence, energy storage, biological systems, hydrogen bonding, phase correlation, steady-state excitation
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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