The DOI matches its Crossref record; 34 of the 34 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Probabilistic prediction in patient management and clinical trials
Abstract
It is argued that the provision of accurate and useful probabilistic assessments of future events should be a fundamental task for biostatisticians collaborating in clinical or experimental medicine, and we explore two aspects of obtaining and evaluating such predictions. When covariate information on patients is available, logistic regression and other multivariate techniques are often used to select prognostic factors and create predictive models. An example shows how the explicit aim of prediction needs to be taken into account in such modelling, and how predictive performance may be assessed by decomposition of a scoring rule. Secondly, results from a program that provides pretrial and interim predictions in clinical trials are displayed, bringing together the use of subjective opinion, Bayesian methodology and techniques for evaluating and criticizing predictions.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
The meaning and use of the area under a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve.
Hanley, J. A., & McNeil, B. J. (1982) · Radiology · doi:10.1148/radiology.143.1.7063747 · Cited by 21,856
Evaluating the Yield of Medical Tests
Harrell, F. E. (1982) · JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association · doi:10.1001/jama.1982.03320430047030 · Cited by 3,490
Regression modelling strategies for improved prognostic prediction
Harrell, F. E., Lee, K. L., Califf, R. M., Pryor, D. B., & Rosati, R. A. (1984) · Statistics in Medicine · doi:10.1002/sim.4780030207 · Cited by 1,798
The Threshold Approach to Clinical Decision Making
Pauker, S. G., & Kassirer, J. P. (1980) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm198005153022003 · Cited by 1,358
Artificial Intelligence and Statistics
Ziegel, E. (1989) · Technometrics · doi:10.1080/00401706.1989.10488504 · Cited by 1,217
Sampling and Bayes' Inference in Scientific Modelling and Robustness
Box, G. E. P. (1980) · Journal of the Royal Statistical Society. Series A (General) · doi:10.2307/2982063 · Cited by 924
Statistical Prediction Analysis
Aitchison, J., & Dunsmore, I. R. (1975) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511569647 · Cited by 829
Regression, Prediction and Shrinkage
Copas, J. B. (1983) · Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series B: Statistical Methodology · doi:10.1111/j.2517-6161.1983.tb01258.x · Cited by 612
Two Further Applications of a Model for Binary Regression
Cox, D. R. (1958) · Biometrika · doi:10.2307/2333203 · Cited by 557
Two further applications of a model for binary regression
COX, D. R. (1958) · Biometrika · doi:10.1093/biomet/45.3-4.562 · Cited by 556
Research works printed but not linked: 10
- 10.1136/bmj.288.6429.1536-a · doi:10.1136/bmj.288.6429.1536-a
- 10.1136/bmj.287.6400.1173 · doi:10.1136/bmj.287.6400.1173
- 10.2307/2988098 · doi:10.2307/2988098
- 10.1136/hrt.51.3.330 · doi:10.1136/hrt.51.3.330
- 10.1177/0272989X8600600109 · doi:10.1177/0272989x8600600109
- 10.1002/cpt1977214482 · doi:10.1002/cpt1977214482
- 10.1080/00401706.1977.10489590 · doi:10.1080/00401706.1977.10489590
- 10.2307/2529856 · doi:10.2307/2529856
- Lindley D. V., 1978, The Bayesian approach, Scandinavian Journal of Statistics, 5, 1
- 10.1177/0272989X8300300409 · doi:10.1177/0272989x8300300409
Cited by
Hoeting, J. A., Madigan, D., Raftery, A. E., & Volinsky, C. T. (1999) · Statistical Science · doi:10.1214/ss/1009212519 · Cited by 4,118
Internal validation of predictive models
Steyerberg, E. W., Harrell, F. E., Borsboom, G. J. J. M., Eijkemans, M. J. C., Vergouwe, Y., & Habbema, J. D. F. (2001) · Journal of Clinical Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/s0895-4356(01)00341-9 · Cited by 2,746
Tu, J. V. (1996) · Journal of Clinical Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/s0895-4356(96)00002-9 · Cited by 1,818
Steyerberg, E. W., Eijkemans, M. J. C., Harrell, F. E., & Habbema, J. D. F. (2000) · Statistics in Medicine · doi:10.1002/(sici)1097-0258(20000430)19:8<1059::aid-sim412>3.0.co;2-0 · Cited by 785
Vergouwe, Y., Steyerberg, E. W., Eijkemans, M. J. C., & Habbema, J. D. F. (2005) · Journal of Clinical Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2004.06.017 · Cited by 636
Metadata
- Authors
- Spiegelhalter, D. J.
- Venue
- Statistics in Medicine
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 1986-09
- Volume
- 5
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 421-433
- ISSN
- 0277-6715 (ISSN-L)
- 1097-0258
- OpenAlex
- W2084396669
- Cited by
- 358
- References
- 34
- FWCI
- 2.81
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Probabilistic prediction in patient management and clinical trials. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1002/sim.4780050506
- The paper
- Spiegelhalter, D. J. (1986). Probabilistic prediction in patient management and clinical trials. Statistics in Medicine. https://doi.org/10.1002/sim.4780050506
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.