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Cited by 1,422

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 67 of the 67 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

The use of propensity score methods with survival or time‐to‐event outcomes: reporting measures of effect similar to those used in randomized experiments

Open access
Austin, Peter C.·2014·Statistics in Medicine
DOI 10.1002/sim.5984
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Abstract

Propensity score methods are increasingly being used to estimate causal treatment effects in observational studies. In medical and epidemiological studies, outcomes are frequently time‐to‐event in nature. Propensity‐score methods are often applied incorrectly when estimating the effect of treatment on time‐to‐event outcomes. This article describes how two different propensity score methods (matching and inverse probability of treatment weighting) can be used to estimate the measures of effect that are frequently reported in randomized controlled trials: (i) marginal survival curves, which describe survival in the population if all subjects were treated or if all subjects were untreated; and (ii) marginal hazard ratios. The use of these propensity score methods allows one to replicate the measures of effect that are commonly reported in randomized controlled trials with time‐to‐event outcomes: both absolute and relative reductions in the probability of an event occurring can be determined. We also provide guidance on variable selection for the propensity score model, highlight methods for assessing the balance of baseline covariates between treated and untreated subjects, and describe the implementation of a sensitivity analysis to assess the effect of unmeasured confounding variables on the estimated treatment effect when outcomes are time‐to‐event in nature. The methods in the paper are illustrated by estimating the effect of discharge statin prescribing on the risk of death in a sample of patients hospitalized with acute myocardial infarction. In this tutorial article, we describe and illustrate all the steps necessary to conduct a comprehensive analysis of the effect of treatment on time‐to‐event outcomes. © 2013 The authors. Statistics in Medicine published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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Metadata

Authors
Austin, P. C.
Venue
Statistics in Medicine
Publisher
Wiley
Published
2013-09-30
Volume
33
Issue
7
Pages
1242-1258
ISSN
  • 0277-6715 (ISSN-L)
  • 1097-0258
DOI
10.1002/sim.5984
OpenAlex
W2144168223
Cited by
1,422
References
67
FWCI
34.41
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
hybrid

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