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Compulsive sexual behaviour disorder in the ICD‐11
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to support it.However, these factors must be considered when deciding what is immediately implementable, versus that which requires a supportive framework which has yet to be created.All digital health research and claims are informative.Some offer immediate solutions to health care that should be implemented today and others highlight the potential of what may be possible.However, blurring the line between actual and aspirational can be counterproductive.Claiming that aspirational digital health research is ready for immediate use can lead to immediate negative results and broad disappointment.It may even inadvertently contribute to digital health "hype" and foster undue skepticism for the field.However, ignoring digital health technologies with good evidence for real-world implementation is a missed opportunity for improving patient outcomes.Appreciating how aspirational research can guide, inform, and inspire current efforts is also important.Likewise, appreciating the real world success of actualized efforts can help guide aspirational research to be more translatable into health care systems.There is no superior designation, as both ends of the actual and aspirational spectrum have critical roles that cannot be separated.However, the value of both depends upon correct identification of where any given project lies on this spectrum -and further consideration of populations sampled and incentives used are critical to determining this.
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“Studies refer to SA/CSB as excessive, compulsive and uncontrollable sexual behaviour accompanied by sexual preoccupations and fantasies, mental discomfort, escalation and functional impairment, all of which are consistent with the findings of this research (Carnes, 2000;Grubbs et al., 2019;Kraus et al., 2018).”
From The Lived Experiences and Well-Being of Female Partners Following Discovery or Disclosure of Their Male Partner’s Compulsive Sexual Behaviours: An Australian Phenomenological Study (2025) · cites this paper as Kraus et al., 2018
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“the ICD-11 guidelines describe CSBD as characterized by “a persistent pattern of failure to control intense, repetitive sexual impulses or urges resulting in repetitive sexual behaviour” ([2], p. 109) over an extended period.”
From Mental, behavioral and neurodevelopmental disorders in the ICD-11: an international perspective on key changes and controversies (2020) · cites this paper as [2]
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“To avoid overpathologizing individually unacceptable, socially unacceptable, or high-frequency sexual behavior, a restriction was added to the diagnostic requirements that one’s distress should not be exclusively related to moral judgment or social disapproval.2,26”
From Assessment and treatment of compulsive sexual behavior disorder: a sexual medicine perspective (2024) · cites this paper as [26]
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“The WHO explicitly decided not to classify the new diagnostic category in the grouping of Disorders Due to Addictive Behaviours (i.e., with gambling disorder and gaming disorder), because the evidence was not considered to be strong enough to support this model 223,226 .”
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“These presentations were considered to meet the basic definition of a mental disorder 223,226 and to be associated with substantial suffering for which health services might reasonably be provided.”
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“The WHO has attempted to sidestep many of the controversies in the area while acknowledging the existence of a clinical population of individuals who feel unable to control their own sexual behaviour and as a result experience substantial distress and sometimes quite severely negative functional outcomes.”
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Citations
Cites
Impulse Control Disorders in Parkinson Disease
Weintraub, D. A., Koester, J., Potenza, M. N., Siderowf, A. D., Stacy, M. A., Voon, V., Whetteckey, J., Wunderlich, G. R., & Lang, A. E. (2010) · Archives of Neurology · doi:10.1001/archneurol.2010.65 · Cited by 1,493
Self-citationShould compulsive sexual behavior be considered an addiction?
Kraus, S. W., Voon, V., & Potenza, M. N. (2016) · Addiction · doi:10.1111/add.13297 · Cited by 402
Self-citationPsychiatric comorbidity and compulsive/impulsive traits in compulsive sexual behavior
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Epidemiology, Prevalence, and Natural History of Compulsive Sexual Behavior
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Impulse control disorders and “behavioural addictions” in the ICD-11
Grant, J. E., Atmaca, M., Fineberg, N. A., Fontenelle, L. F., Matsunaga, H., Janardhan Reddy, Y. C., Simpson, H. B., Thomsen, P. H., van den Heuvel, O. A., Veale, D., et al. (2014) · World Psychiatry · doi:10.1002/wps.20115 · Cited by 227
Self-citationSelf-Reported Indicators of Hypersexuality and Its Correlates in a Female Online Sample
Klein, V., Rettenberger, M., & Briken, P. (2014) · The Journal of Sexual Medicine · doi:10.1111/jsm.12602 · Cited by 128
Self-citationThe Roles of Shame and Guilt in Hypersexual Behavior
Gilliland, R., South, M., Carpenter, B. N., & Hardy, S. A. (2011) · Sexual Addiction & Compulsivity The Journal of Treatment and Prevention · doi:10.1080/10720162.2011.551182 · Cited by 127
Neurobiology of Compulsive Sexual Behavior: Emerging Science
Kraus, S. W., Voon, V., & Potenza, M. N. (2015) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/npp.2015.300 · Cited by 53
Self-citation
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Grubbs, J. B., Perry, S. L., Wilt, J. A., & Reid, R. C. (2019) · Archives of Sexual Behavior · doi:10.1007/s10508-018-1248-x · Cited by 394
Brand, M., Rumpf, H.-J., Demetrovics, Z., MÜller, A., Stark, R., King, D. L., Goudriaan, A. E., Mann, K., Trotzke, P., Fineberg, N. A., et al. (2020) · Journal of Behavioral Addictions · doi:10.1556/2006.2020.00035 · Cited by 398
“One conditio sine qua non for considering pornography-use disorder within this category would be that the individual suffers solely and specifically from diminished control over pornography consumption (nowadays online pornography in most cases), which is not accompanied by further compulsive sexual behaviors (Kraus e…”
BackgroundInfluentialSelf-citationGrubbs, J. B., Kraus, S. W., & Perry, S. L. (2019) · Journal of Behavioral Addictions · doi:10.1556/2006.7.2018.134 · Cited by 267
“judgments or religious beliefs cannot be the driving factors behind self-reported problems of excessive sexual behavior (Kraus et al., 2018).”
BackgroundInfluentialSelf-citationOnline Porn Addiction: What We Know and What We Don’t—A Systematic Review
de Alarcón, R., de la Iglesia, J., Casado‐Espada, N. M., & Montejo, A. L. (2019) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm8010091 · Cited by 306
“It is believed to provide a better tool (yet in refinement process) for addressing the needs of treatment seeking patients and the possible guilt associated [78], and also may reflect the ongoing debates regarding the most appropriate classification”
MethodGrubbs, J. B., Hoagland, K. C., Lee, B. N., Grant, J. T., Davison, P., Reid, R. C., & Kraus, S. W. (2020) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2020.101925 · Cited by 253
Self-citationHigh-frequency pornography use may not always be problematic
Bőthe, B., Tóth-Király, I., Potenza, M. N., Orosz, G., & Demetrovics, Z. (2020) · The Journal of Sexual Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.jsxm.2020.01.007 · Cited by 242
“However, individuals’ sexual drives and desires may vary substantially, and this variability may be considered normal if the behavior does not cause impairment or functional problems for individuals.(10,21) In previous studies using variablecentered statistical approaches, PPU and frequency of pornography use (FPU) sh…”
BackgroundRevisiting the role of impulsivity and compulsivity in problematic sexual behaviors
Bőthe, B., Tóth-Király, I., Potenza, M. N., Griffiths, M. D., Orosz, G., & Demetrovics, Z. (2019) · The Journal of Sex Research · doi:10.1080/00224499.2018.1480744 · Cited by 220
“On the other hand, the finding that impulsivity related moderately to hypersexuality provides support both for the classification of compulsive sexual behavior disorder (as proposed for ICD-11; World Health Organization, 2017) as an impulse-control disorder or as a behavioral addiction.”
BackgroundInfluentialDickenson, J. A., Gleason, N., Coleman, E., & Miner, M. H. (2018) · JAMA Network Open · doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2018.4468 · Cited by 204
Reed, G. M., First, M. B., Billieux, J., Cloitre, M., Briken, P., Achab, S., Brewin, C. R., King, D. L., Kraus, S. W., & Bryant, R. A. (2022) · World Psychiatry · doi:10.1002/wps.20960 · Cited by 182
Self-citationBőthe, B., Potenza, M. N., Griffiths, M. D., Kraus, S. W., Klein, V., Fuss, J., & Demetrovics, Z. (2020) · Journal of Behavioral Addictions · doi:10.1556/2006.2020.00034 · Cited by 175
“…intense, repetitive sexual impulses or urges, resulting in repetitive sexual behavior over an extended period (six months or more) that generates marked distress or impairment in personal, family, social, educational, occupational, or other important areas of functioning (Kraus et al., 2018).”
BackgroundSelf-citationCompulsive sexual behavior and dysregulation of emotion
Lew-Starowicz, M., Lewczuk, K., Nowakowska, I., Kraus, S., & Gola, M. (2020) · Sexual Medicine Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.sxmr.2019.10.003 · Cited by 163
Self-citationWhat should be included in the criteria for compulsive sexual behavior disorder
Gola, M., Lewczuk, K., Potenza, M. N., Kingston, D. A., Grubbs, J. B., Stark, R., & Reid, R. C. (2022) · Journal of Behavioral Addictions · doi:10.1556/2006.2020.00090 · Cited by 134
“…sexual behavior disorder (CSBD) is currently defined in the eleventh revision of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11; WHO, 2020; Kraus et al., 2018) as an impulse control disorder and “characterized by a persistent pattern of failure to control intense, repetitive sexual urges…”
BackgroundBőthe, B., Nagy, L., Koós, M., Demetrovics, Z., Potenza, M. N., & Kraus, S. W. (2024) · Addiction · doi:10.1111/add.16431 · Cited by 138
“Following the CSBD diagnostic guidelines, PPU may be defined as uncontrollable and repetitive persistent pornography use accompanied by clinically significant distress and functional impairment (e.g. job loss) [1, 3].”
InfluentialSelf-citationEvaluating Pornography Problems Due to Moral Incongruence Model
Lewczuk, K., Glica, A., Nowakowska, I., Gola, M. K., & Grubbs, J. B. (2019) · The Journal of Sexual Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.jsxm.2019.11.259 · Cited by 127
Psychometric instruments for problematic pornography use: A systematic review
Fernandez, D. P., & Griffiths, M. D. (2021) · Evaluation & the Health Professions · doi:10.1177/0163278719861688 · Cited by 126
“The ICD-11 diagnosis of CSBD (Kraus et al., 2018) acknowledges the potential confounding effects of moralistic judgments about sexual behavior and states that “distress that is entirely related to moral judgments and disapproval about sexual impulses, urges or behaviors is not sufficient to meet this requirement [for…”
BackgroundInfluentialValidation of a Brief Pornography Screen across multiple samples
Kraus, S. W., Gola, M. K., Grubbs, J. B., Kowalewska, E., Hoff, R. A., Lew‐Starowicz, M., Martino, S., Shirk, S. D., & Potenza, M. N. (2020) · Journal of Behavioral Addictions · doi:10.1556/2006.2020.00038 · Cited by 125
“…2016b), and scholars have proposed classifications including hypersexual disorder (Kafka, 2010), impulsecontrol disorder (Grant et al., 2014; Kraus et al., 2018), nonparaphilic compulsive sexual behavior disorder (CSBD) (Coleman, Raymond, & McBean, 2003), or behavioral addiction (Kor,…”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialSelf-citationNeurocognitive mechanisms in compulsive sexual behavior disorder
Kowalewska, E., Grubbs, J. B., Potenza, M. N., Gola, M., Draps, M., & Kraus, S. W. (2018) · Current Sexual Health Reports · doi:10.1007/s11930-018-0176-z · Cited by 111
Self-citationChild sexual abuse and compulsive sexual behavior: a systematic literature review
Slavin, M. N., Scoglio, A. A. J., Blycker, G. R., Potenza, M. N., & Kraus, S. W. (2020) · Current Addiction Reports · doi:10.1007/s40429-020-00298-9 · Cited by 111
Self-citationPsychiatric comorbidity in compulsive sexual behavior disorder (CSBD)
Ballester-Arnal, R., Castro-Calvo, J., Giménez-García, C., Gil-Juliá, B., & Gil-Llario, M. D. (2020) · Addictive Behaviors · doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2020.106384 · Cited by 103
“Considering the preliminary nature of proposed CSBD criteria (Kraus et al., 2018; Walton et al., 2017) and the precarious development of cutoff scores for available”
BackgroundAn integrated model to assess and treat compulsive sexual behaviour disorder
Briken, P. (2020) · Nature Reviews Urology · doi:10.1038/s41585-020-0343-7 · Cited by 101
Self-citationWordecha, M., Wilk, M., Kowalewska, E., Skorko, M., Łapiński, A., & Gola, M. (2018) · Journal of Behavioral Addictions · doi:10.1556/2006.7.2018.33 · Cited by 102
“, 2016), CSBs are usually defined by descriptive symptoms, reflecting the subjective loss of control over sexual activity (Gola & Potenza, in press; Kafka, 2010; Kraus et al., 2018).”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialBőthe, B., Koós, M., Nagy, L., Kraus, S. W., Demetrovics, Z., Potenza, M. N., Michaud, A., Ballester-Arnal, R., Batthyány, D., Bergeron, S., et al. (2023) · Journal of Behavioral Addictions · doi:10.1556/2006.2023.00028 · Cited by 104
Self-citationGrubbs, J. B., Kraus, S. W., Perry, S. L., Lewczuk, K., & Gola, M. (2020) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037/abn0000501 · Cited by 93
Self-citationKraus, S. W., & Sweeney, P. J. (2019) · Archives of Sexual Behavior · doi:10.1007/s10508-018-1301-9 · Cited by 94
“…because their behaviors do not align with their personal values (i.e., moral incongruence), and previous research has lent support for this proposed model (Grubbs, Exline, Pargament, Volk, & Lindberg, 2017; Grubbs, Wilt, Exline, Pargament, & Kraus, 2018b; Volk, Thomas, Sosin, Jacob, & Moen, 2016).”
ResultSelf-citationThe Effect of Early Life Trauma on Compulsive Sexual Behavior Among Members of a 12-Step Group
Efrati, Y., & Gola, M. K. (2019) · The Journal of Sexual Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.jsxm.2019.03.272 · Cited by 91
Pornography Use and Psychological Science: A Call for Consideration
Grubbs, J. B., & Kraus, S. W. (2021) · Current Directions in Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/0963721420979594 · Cited by 89
Self-citationMüller, S. M., Wegmann, E., Oelker, A., Stark, R. M., Müller, A., Montag, C., Wölfling, K., Rumpf, H., & Brand, M. (2022) · Journal of Behavioral Addictions · doi:10.1556/2006.2022.00013 · Cited by 94
“Pornography-use disorder is characterized by diminished control over the consumption of (online) pornographic content, which is separable from other compulsive sexual behaviors (Kraus, Martino, & Potenza, 2016; Kraus et al., 2018).”
BackgroundSpotlight on Compulsive Sexual Behavior Disorder: A Systematic Review of Research on Women
Kowalewska, E., Gola, M., Kraus, S. W., & Lew-Starowicz, M. (2020) · Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment · doi:10.2147/ndt.s221540 · Cited by 85
Self-citationLewczuk, K., Wójcik, A. D., & Gola, M. K. (2021) · Archives of Sexual Behavior · doi:10.1007/s10508-021-02090-w · Cited by 87
Turner, D., Briken, P., Grubbs, J., Malandain, L., Mestre-Bach, G., Potenza, M. N., & Thibaut, F. (2022) · Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience · doi:10.1080/19585969.2022.2134739 · Cited by 86
Self-citationLewczuk, K., Nowakowska, I., Lewandowska, K., Potenza, M. N., & Gola, M. K. (2020) · Addiction · doi:10.1111/add.15272 · Cited by 97
Briken, P., Wiessner, C., Štulhofer, A., Klein, V., Fuß, J., Reed, G. M., & Dekker, A. (2022) · Journal of Behavioral Addictions · doi:10.1556/2006.2022.00060 · Cited by 81
“…that the condition resulted solely or primarily from negative attitudes toward sexuality or speci fi c sexual behaviors, such as use of pornography or masturbation, the diagnostic requirements for CSBD would not be met (Kraus et al., 2018, Kraus and Sweeney, 2019; World Health Organization, 2022).”
BackgroundResultInfluentialSelf-citationFuss, J., Briken, P., Stein, D. J., & Lochner, C. (2019) · Journal of Behavioral Addictions · doi:10.1556/2006.8.2019.23 · Cited by 77
Self-citationAre Essential Trace Elements Effective in Modulation of Mental Disorders? Update and Perspectives
Shayganfard, M. (2021) · Biological Trace Element Research · doi:10.1007/s12011-021-02733-y · Cited by 88
The Pornography Debate: Religiosity and Support for Censorship
Droubay, B. A., Butters, R. P., & Shafer, K. M. (2018) · Journal of Religion and Health · doi:10.1007/s10943-018-0732-x · Cited by 75
Problematic and non-problematic engagement in Online Sexual Activities across the lifespan
Ballester‐Arnal, R., Castro‐Calvo, J., García-Barba, M., Ruiz‐Palomino, E., & Gil‐Llario, M. D. (2021) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2021.106774 · Cited by 75
Bőthe, B., Koós, M., Nagy, L., Kraus, S. W., Potenza, M. N., & Demetrovics, Z. (2021) · Journal of Behavioral Addictions · doi:10.1556/2006.2021.00063 · Cited by 80
“For example, to identify compulsive and noncompulsive sexual behavior profiles, we will use the dimensions of the CSBD-19 as profile indicators, building on the ICD-11-based conceptualization of CSBD (World Health Organization, 2019) and previous LPA studies of CSBD (e.g., B}othe, T oth-Kir aly et al., 2020).”
BackgroundInfluentialSelf-citationBőthe, B., Lonza, A., Štulhofer, A., & Demetrovics, Z. (2020) · The Journal of Sexual Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.jsxm.2020.05.030 · Cited by 67
Bőthe, B., Vaillancourt‐Morel, M., Dion, J., Paquette, M., Massé-Pfister, M., Tóth‐Király, I., & Bergeron, S. (2022) · Archives of Sexual Behavior · doi:10.1007/s10508-021-02282-4 · Cited by 67
“, 2020), such as problematic pornography use (PPU; repetitive, uncontrollable pornography use causing significant distress and functional impairment; Bőthe et al., 2020b; Kraus et al., 2018).”
BackgroundPsychopathology—a Precision Tool in Need of Re-sharpening
Schultze‐Lutter, F., Schmidt, S. J., & Theodoridou, A. (2018) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2018.00446 · Cited by 69
Compulsive sexual behavior: A twelve-step therapeutic approach
Efrati, Y., & Gola, M. (2018) · Journal of Behavioral Addictions · doi:10.1556/2006.7.2018.26 · Cited by 65
“, 2017; Kaplan & Krueger, 2010; Kor, Fogel, Reid, & Potenza, 2013; Kraus, Voon, Kor, & Potenza, 2016; Kraus, Voon, & Potenza, 2016; Kühn & Gallinat, 2016; Love, Laier, Brand, Hatch, & Hajela, 2015; Reid, 2010; Reid, Garos, & Carpenter, 2011), CSB remains in a condition awaiting professional recognition (Kraus et al.,…”
BackgroundGrubbs, J. B., Lee, B. N., Hoagland, K. C., Kraus, S. W., & Perry, S. L. (2020) · Clinical Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/2167702620922966 · Cited by 63
“937 In its current form, the diagnosis of CSBD refers to persistent compulsivity in sexual behaviors (Kraus et al., 2018).”
BackgroundSelf-citationSallie, S. N., Ritou, V., Bowden‐Jones, H., & Voon, V. (2021) · Addictive Behaviors · doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2021.107044 · Cited by 64
Self-citationThe Cambridge Handbook of Substance and Behavioral Addictions
Sussman, S. Y. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108632591 · Cited by 64
Antons, S., Müller, S. M., Wegmann, E., Trotzke, P., Schulte, M. M., & Brand, M. (2019) · Journal of Behavioral Addictions · doi:10.1556/2006.8.2019.22 · Cited by 67
“Unregulated Internet pornography (IP) use is currently discussed as a clinically significant mental disorder (Kraus et al., 2018).”
BackgroundChen, L., & Jiang, X. (2020) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph17020488 · Cited by 64
“Kraus et al., who developed the BPS, have proposed that the diagnostic criteria for compulsive sexual behavior (CSB) should be included in the new International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11) [24], and this proposal has been accepted.”
BackgroundPublic stakeholders’ comments on ICD-11 chapters related to mental and sexual health
Fuss, J., Lemay, K., Stein, D. J., Briken, P., Jakob, R., Reed, G. M., & Kogan, C. S. (2019) · World Psychiatry · doi:10.1002/wps.20635 · Cited by 61
Self-citationLewczuk, K., Wizła, M., Glica, A., Potenza, M. N., Lew-Starowicz, M., & Kraus, S. W. (2022) · Journal of Behavioral Addictions · doi:10.1556/2006.2022.00076 · Cited by 62
Self-citationTreating Compulsive Sexual Behavior
Efrati, Y., & Gola, M. K. (2018) · Current Sexual Health Reports · doi:10.1007/s11930-018-0143-8 · Cited by 63
Is compulsive sexual behavior different in women compared to men?
Kürbitz, L. I., & Briken, P. (2021) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm10153205 · Cited by 63
“, restrictive and maybe religious thoughts about sex and sex drive) [8].”
BackgroundSelf-citationHallberg, J., Kaldo, V., Arver, S., Dhejne, C., Jokinen, J., & Öberg, K. G. (2019) · The Journal of Sexual Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.jsxm.2019.03.005 · Cited by 60
Efrati, Y., Kolubinski, D. C., Marino, C., & Spada, M. M. (2021) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph18073820 · Cited by 58
Ventral Striatal Reactivity in Compulsive Sexual Behaviors
Gola, M. K., & Draps, M. (2018) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2018.00546 · Cited by 61
“The number of studies on CSB has increased substantially during the last decade (9, 10) and the World Health Organization (WHO) included CSB as an impulse control disorder (11) in its proposal for the upcoming ICD-11 (12).”
BackgroundDevelopment and psychometric evaluation of the Pornography Purchase Task
Mulhauser, K. R. W., Short, E. M., & Weinstock, J. (2018) · Addictive Behaviors · doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2018.04.016 · Cited by 59
Castro-Calvo, J., Gil-Llario, M. D., Giménez-García, C., Gil-Juliá, B., & Ballester-Arnal, R. (2020) · Journal of Behavioral Addictions · doi:10.1556/2006.2020.00025 · Cited by 56
“A conservative approach was taken, and CSBD was recognized as an impulse-control disorder (Kraus et al., 2018).”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialGrubbs, J. B., Reid, R. C., Bőthe, B., Demetrovics, Z., Coleman, E., Gleason, N., Miner, M. H., Fuß, J., Klein, V., Lewczuk, K., et al. (2023) · Journal of Behavioral Addictions · doi:10.1556/2006.2023.00005 · Cited by 60
Self-citationCastro-Calvo, J., Giménez-García, C., Gil-Llario, M., & Ballester-Arnal, R. (2018) · Current Addiction Report · doi:10.1007/s40429-018-0230-y · Cited by 48
Grubbs, J. B., Weinandy, J. T. G., & Engelman, J. (2018) · Sexual Addiction & Compulsivity The Journal of Treatment and Prevention · doi:10.1080/10720162.2019.1565848 · Cited by 58
“The recent inclusion of Compulsive Sexual Behavior disorder in the ICD11 suggests that there is increasing awareness of such a possibility in the mental health community (Kraus et al., 2018; World Health Organization, 2018).”
BackgroundPromoting educational, classification, treatment, and policy initiatives
Gola, M. K., & Potenza, M. N. (2018) · Journal of Behavioral Addictions · doi:10.1556/2006.7.2018.51 · Cited by 57
“Commentary on: Compulsive sexual behaviour disorder in the ICD-11 (Kraus et al., 2018)”
BackgroundInfluentialAssessment and treatment of compulsive sexual behavior disorder: a sexual medicine perspective
Briken, P., Bőthe, B., Carvalho, J., Coleman, E., Giraldi, A., Kraus, S. W., Lew-Starowicz, M., & Pfaus, J. G. (2024) · Sexual Medicine Reviews · doi:10.1093/sxmrev/qeae014 · Cited by 55
“2,26 However, some clinicians have argued that feelings of moral incongruence toward pornography viewing, masturbation, extramarital sex, or other sexual behaviors should not arbitrarily disqualify one from receiving a diagnosis of CSBD, and its role in the etiology and definition of CSBD warrants…”
BackgroundSelf-citationCastro‐Calvo, J., Cervigón-Carrasco, V., Ballester‐Arnal, R., & Giménez‐García, C. (2021) · Addictive Behaviors Reports · doi:10.1016/j.abrep.2021.100345 · Cited by 59
Pornography Consumption and Cognitive-Affective Distress
Privara, M., & Bob, P. (2023) · The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease · doi:10.1097/nmd.0000000000001669 · Cited by 67
“…pattern of failure to control intense sexual impulses or compulsions and the resulting repetitive sexual behavior manifests itself over an extended period of time” and causes significant suffering or significant disruptions in personal, family, and social life (Kafka, 2010; Kraus et al., 2018).”
BackgroundInfluentialEngel, J., Kessler, A., Veit, M., Sinke, C., Heitland, I., Kneer, J., Hartmann, U., & Kruger, T. H. C. (2019) · Journal of Behavioral Addictions · doi:10.1556/2006.8.2019.16 · Cited by 52
“The suggested category is characterized by a recurrent pattern of failure to control intense, repetitive sexual impulses, or urges resulting in repetitive sexual behavior that causes clinically significant distress or impairments in important areas of functioning, for example, repeated relationship disruption (Kraus e…”
BackgroundLevi, G., Cohen, C., Kaliche, S., Sharaabi, S., Cohen, K., Tzur-Bitan, D., & Weinstein, A. M. (2020) · Journal of Behavioral Addictions · doi:10.1556/2006.2020.00007 · Cited by 59
“There is a growing interest in research on CSBD and its possible inclusion in the Diagnostic and Statistical 5th Manual (DSM-5) (American Psychiatric Association, 2013) or the ICD 11 where it is now included as an impulse control disorder (Kraus et al., 2018).”
BackgroundBlycker, G. R., & Potenza, M. N. (2018) · Journal of Behavioral Addictions · doi:10.1556/2006.7.2018.127 · Cited by 49
Reed, D. D., Naudé, G. P., Gelino, B. W., & Amlung, M. T. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108632591.011 · Cited by 48
Wéry, A., Schimmenti, A., Karila, L., & Billieux, J. (2018) · Journal of Sex & Marital Therapy · doi:10.1080/0092623x.2018.1488324 · Cited by 50
“Although debates still abound regarding the classification and diagnosis of sex-related disorders, these problems are often conceptualized within the lens of the addiction model (Kraus, Voon, & Potenza, 2016; Kraus et al., 2018; W ery & Billieux, 2017).”
BackgroundProblematic porn use and cross-cultural differences: a brief review
Ahorsu, D. K., Adjorlolo, S., Nurmala, I., Ruckwongpatr, K., Strong, C., & Lin, C.-Y. (2023) · Current Addiction Reports · doi:10.1007/s40429-023-00505-3 · Cited by 48
Bőthe, B., Vaillancourt‐Morel, M., Dion, J., Štulhofer, A., & Bergeron, S. (2021) · Psychology of Addictive Behaviors · doi:10.1037/adb0000722 · Cited by 48
“…as a manifestation or subcategory of CSBD (Fernandez & Grif fi ths, 2019; Kafka, 2010); thus, it may be de fi ned as persistent, repetitive patterns of uncontrollable pornography use despite signi fi cant personal distress and functional impairment in different life domains (Kraus et al., 2018).”
(2021) · Journal of Behavioral Addictions · doi:10.1556/2006.2021.00070 · Cited by 47
“…Related Health Problems (ICD-11, World Health Organization, 2019), and might be defined as uncontrollable, persistent patterns of pornography use despite personal distress and functional impairment in different areas of life (B}othe, T othKir aly, Demetrovics, & Orosz, 2021; Kraus et al., 2018).”
BackgroundThe Prevention and Treatment of Gambling Disorders: Some Art, Some Science
Derevensky, J. L. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108632591.024 · Cited by 45
Bőthe, B., Vaillancourt‐Morel, M., Bergeron, S., Hermann, Z., Ivaskevics, K., Kraus, S. W., & Grubbs, J. B. (2024) · Journal of Psychopathology and Clinical Science · doi:10.1037/abn0000913 · Cited by 55
Self-citationCompulsive sexual behavior, religiosity, and spirituality: a systematic review
(2021) · Journal of Behavioral Addictions · doi:10.1556/2006.2021.00084 · Cited by 45
“However, several others did not identify a relationship between religiosity and CSB (Grubbs, Wilt, Exline, Pargament, & Kraus, 2018; Kohut & Stulhofer, 2018; Maddock et al., 2019).”
BackgroundNaltrexone in compulsive sexual behavior disorder: a feasibility study of twenty men
Savard, J., Öberg, K. G., Chatzittofis, A., Dhejne, C., Arver, S., & Jokinen, J. (2020) · The Journal of Sexual Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.jsxm.2020.04.318 · Cited by 45
Considering the Overlap and Nonoverlap of Compulsivity, Impulsivity, and Addiction
Blum, A. W., & Grant, J. E. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108632591.038 · Cited by 44
Self-citationNeurobiological Foundations of Behavioral Addictions
Vaccaro, A. G., & Potenza, M. N. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108632591.016 · Cited by 45
Neurobiology of Substance Addictions
Christie, N. C., & Bechara, A. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108632591.015 · Cited by 44
Sensitization of Incentive Salience and the Transition to Addiction
Warlow, S. M., Baumgartner, H. M., Freeland, C. M., Naffziger, E. E., Olney, J. J., Berridge, K. C., & Robinson, M. J. F. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108632591.006 · Cited by 46
Howard, L. M., Wilson, C. A., Reilly, T. J., Moss, K. M., Mishra, G. D., Coupland‐Smith, E., Riecher‐Rössler, A., Seedat, S., Smith, S. M., Steinberg, J. R., et al. (2025) · World Psychiatry · doi:10.1002/wps.21305 · Cited by 61
“For a diagnosis of compulsive sexual behavior disorder, sexual behavior must be persistent, independent of mood episodes, and not be explained by other organic conditions (e.g., dementia) or use of sub-stances (e.g., cocaine or methamphetamine) 17,143 .”
Chen, L., Yang, Y., Su, W., Zheng, L., Ding, C., & Potenza, M. N. (2018) · Journal of Behavioral Addictions · doi:10.1556/2006.7.2018.77 · Cited by 45
“PIPU may have elements related to both problematic Internet use (PIU) and sexual addiction (Griffiths, 2012) or compulsive sexual behavior disorder (Kraus et al., 2018), perhaps as a specific subtype of each (Brand, Young, & Laier, 2014; Young, 2008).”
Efrati, Y. (2020) · Current Addiction Reports · doi:10.1007/s40429-020-00300-4 · Cited by 45
Abstinence from masturbation and hypersexuality
Zimmer, F., & Imhoff, R. (2020) · Archives of Sexual Behavior · doi:10.1007/s10508-019-01623-8 · Cited by 46
“Contemporary constructs of hypersexuality include compulsive sexual behavioral disorder (Kraus et al., 2018) and hypersexual disorder (Kafka, 2010).”
BackgroundSherer, J., & Levounis, P. (2022) · Current Psychiatry Reports · doi:10.1007/s11920-022-01351-2 · Cited by 42
“Compulsive sexual behavior disorder (CSBD) is now included in the ICD-11, which is defined as a “persistent pattern of failure to control intense, repetitive sexual impulses or urges resulting in repetitive sexual behavior” and is perhaps more in line with current research [60].”
ResultMindfulness-Based Interventions Applied to Addiction Treatments
Kechter, A., & Black, D. S. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108632591.040 · Cited by 43
Multiple Memory Systems, Addiction, and Health Habits: New Routes for Translational Science
Stacy, A. W., Pike, J. R., & Lee, A. Y. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108632591.017 · Cited by 43
Tanning as an Addiction: The State of the Research and Implications for Intervention
Miller, K. A., & Mays, D. M. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108632591.037 · Cited by 43
Schulte, E. M., Schiestl, E. T., & Gearhardt, A. N. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108632591.035 · Cited by 43
Controversies and clinical recommendations for the treatment of compulsive sexual behavior disorder
Griffin, K. R., Way, B. M., & Kraus, S. W. (2021) · Current Addiction Reports · doi:10.1007/s40429-021-00393-5 · Cited by 43
“Several years later, this idea took root, and in 2018, the WHO Impulse Control Disorder Working Group published diagnostic guidelines for Compulsive Sexual Behavior Disorder (CSBD) [21].”
BackgroundSelf-citationBehavioral Economics and Addictive Disorders
Jarmolowicz, D. P., & Schneider, T. D. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108632591.005 · Cited by 42
Prevention and Treatment of Compulsive Buying Disorder
Galimov, A., & Black, D. W. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108632591.027 · Cited by 42
Blum, K., Roy, A. K., Podesta, A., Modestino, E. J., Steinberg, B., Gondré-Lewis, M. C., Baron, D. A., Thanos, P. K., Lott, L., Badgaiyan, S., et al. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108632591.031 · Cited by 42
Prevention and Treatment of “Food Addiction”
Davis, C., & Mason, A. E. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108632591.023 · Cited by 42
Human Neurobiological Approaches to Hedonically Motivated Behaviors
Burger, K. S., Shearrer, G. E., & Sadler, J. R. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108632591.009 · Cited by 42
Feedback Models for Gambling Control: The Use and Efficacy of Online Responsible Gambling Tools
Griffiths, M. D. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108632591.034 · Cited by 42
Efrati, Y., Kraus, S. W., & Kaplan, G. (2021) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph19010296 · Cited by 47
Self-citationJennings, T. L., Gleason, N., & Kraus, S. W. (2022) · Journal of Behavioral Addictions · doi:10.1556/2006.2022.00028 · Cited by 41
Self-citationApproach bias for erotic stimuli in heterosexual male college students who use pornography
Sklenarik, S., Potenza, M. N., Gola, M., Kor, A., Kraus, S. W., & Astur, R. S. (2019) · Journal of Behavioral Addictions · doi:10.1556/2006.8.2019.31 · Cited by 41
“…share neurobiological and neurocognitive features with substance addictions (Gola & Draps, 2018; Kowalewska et al., 2018; Stark, Klucken, Potenza, Brand, & Strahler, 2018), although compulsive sexual behavior disorder has been proposed as an impulse-control disorder in ICD-11 (Kraus et al., 2018).”
BackgroundInfluentialSelf-citationSexual Disorders and Quality of Life in Parkinson's Disease
Malcher, C. M. S. R., de Oliveira, K. R. D. S. G., Caldato, M. C. F., Santos‐Lobato, B. L., Pedroso, J. D. S., & Scanavino, M. D. T. (2021) · Sexual Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.esxm.2020.10.008 · Cited by 44
“The levodopa is the gold standard in initial PD therapy, having been used since 196075 and showing improvements in 80% of patients.76 However, some adverse reactions can occur over time; for example, in the case of compulsive consumption of the levodopa, the so-called dopaminergic dysregulation syndrome can lead to co…”
BackgroundGiulio, P. (2020) · International Journal of Sexual and Reproductive Health Care · doi:10.17352/ijsrhc.000015 · Cited by 40
“The act, in this case the sexual one, would be used as the only pathological modality to manage stress or personality and mood disorders [4].”
BackgroundA pilot study of mindfulness-based relapse prevention for compulsive sexual behaviour disorder
Holas, P., Draps, M., Kowalewska, E., Lewczuk, K., & Gola, M. (2021) · Journal of Behavioral Addictions · doi:10.1556/2006.2020.00075 · Cited by 39
Metadata
- Authors
- Kraus, S. W., Krueger, R. B., Briken, P., First, M. B., Stein, D. J., Kaplan, M. S., Voon, V., Abdo, C. H. N., Grant, J. E., Atalla, E., & Reed, G. M.
- Affiliations
- Edith Nourse Rogers Memorial Veterans Hospital (US)
- New York State Psychiatric Institute (US)
- University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (DE)
- University of Cape Town (ZA)
- University of Cambridge (GB)
- Universidade de São Paulo (BR)
- University of Chicago (US)
- Ministry of Health (BH)
- Columbia University Irving Medical Center (US)
- ORCID
- Venue
- World Psychiatry
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2018-01-19
- Volume
- 17
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 109-110
- ISSN
- 1723-8617 (ISSN-L)
- 2051-5545
- PMC
- PMC5775124
- OpenAlex
- W2789504944
- Semantic Scholar
- 2f507da1b8a5c40b8e4ba6c2ed7035614c93f2e1
- Cited by
- 511
- References
- 9
- Citations by year
- 2026: 62 · 2025: 58 · 2024: 52 · 2023: 49 · 2022: 61 · 2021: 68 · 2020: 101 · 2019: 31 · 2018: 28
- FWCI
- 66.60
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- World Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- World Health Organization
- Medical Research Council (MR/P008747/1)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Sexuality, Behavior, and Technology
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Sexual function and dysfunction studies
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Gambling Behavior and Treatments
- Keywords
- ICD-11, sexual addiction, psychiatric classification, diagnostic criteria, digital health, translational research, research hype
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