The DOI matches its Crossref record; 119 of the 119 references it cites were found in a registry or an index; 30 of the 129 sources its claims cite were checked for support.
The pursuit of euthymia
Open accessAbstract
Psychiatrists often consider the positive characteristics displayed by a patient in their clinical judgment, yet current assessment and treatment strategies are shifted on the side of psychological dysfunction. Euthymia is a transdiagnostic construct referring to the presence of positive affects and psychological well-being, i.e., balance and integration of psychic forces (flexibility), a unifying outlook on life which guides actions and feelings for shaping future accordingly (consistency), and resistance to stress (resilience and tolerance to anxiety or frustration). There is increasing evidence that the evaluation of euthymia and its components has major clinical implications. Specific instruments (clinical interviews and questionnaires) may be included in a clinimetric assessment strategy encompassing macro-analysis and staging. The pursuit of euthymia cannot be conceived as a therapeutic intervention for specific mental disorders, but as a transdiagnostic strategy to be incorporated in an individualized therapeutic plan. A number of psychotherapeutic techniques aiming to enhance positive affects and psychological well-being (such as well-being therapy, mindfulness-based cognitive therapy, and acceptance and commitment therapy) have been developed and validated in randomized controlled clinical trials. The findings indicate that flourishing and resilience can be promoted by specific interventions leading to a positive evaluation of one's self, a sense of continuing growth and development, the belief that life is purposeful and meaningful, satisfaction with one's relations with others, the capacity to manage effectively one's life, and a sense of self-determination. © 2020 World Psychiatric Association
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58 No full text of the sources · 23 Own interpretation · 13 Partly supported · 9 Supported · 8 No basis given · 5 Sources not found · 4 Not checked yet · 2 Supported so far · 2 Couldn’t confirm · 1 Own method · accuracy not yet measured
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“Patients with a variety of mental disorders who were judged to have remitted on symptomatic grounds still presented with impairment in psychological well-being compared to healthy control subjects 5,6 .”
§ FORUM -THE EVOLVING SCIENCE OF EUTHYMIA: CONCEPTS, ASSESSMENT AND INTERVENTIONS The pursuit of euthymia > Abstract
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [5] 5. Rafanelli C, Park SK, Ruini C et al. Rating well- being and distress. Stress Med 2000;16:55- 61. source
- Partly supportedcites [6] 6. Ryff CD. Psychological well-being revisited. Psychother Psychosom 2014;83:10-28. sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Clinical and Intervention Studies section reports significantly lower psychological well-being in patients whose mood, anxiety, panic, or agoraphobia disorders had remitted, supporting the claim that symptomatic recovery can leave well-being impaired. It does not identify healthy control subjects as the comparator for those remitted patients; its explicit comparison with controls concerns schizophrenia. Page numbers are unavailable in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.82)
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Every source the paper cites for this claim was checked and supports it.
In the paper
“The absence of flexibility is linked to depression, anxiety and the general tendency to experience negative emotions more frequently, intensely and readily, for longer periods of time, in what has been subsumed under the rubric of neuroticism 30 .”
§ FORUM -THE EVOLVING SCIENCE OF EUTHYMIA: CONCEPTS, ASSESSMENT AND INTERVENTIONS The pursuit of euthymia > Positive relations with others
What the sources say
- Supportedcites [30] 30. Kashdan TB, Rottenberg J. Psychological flex- ibility as a fundamental aspect of health. Clin Psychol Rev 2010;30:865-78. source
Split into 2 atoms — 2 confirmed, 0 partially supported, 0 disputed, 0 misattributed, 0 unverifiable. Expand the claim to see per-atom verdicts.
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Supported
The cited sources that could be checked couldn’t confirm or dispute this claim.
In the paper
“However, current formal assessment strategies fail to capture most of this information 49 .”
§ FORUM -THE EVOLVING SCIENCE OF EUTHYMIA: CONCEPTS, ASSESSMENT AND INTERVENTIONS The pursuit of euthymia > Positive affects
What the sources say
- Could not verifycites [49] 49. Zimmerman M, Morgan TA, Stanton K. The se- verity of psychiatric disorders. World Psychiatry 2018;17:258-75. sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The section ‘Scales measuring the severity of depression’ discusses limitations in scale content and rating formats, and the Conclusions say that how best to measure severity has received little study. Neither passage addresses whether formal assessments fail to capture positive affect or its boundaries with elation and behavioral activation; searches for those terms found no relevant passage. Page numbers were not available in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.72)
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Could not verify
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“Psychotherapeutic interventions aimed at psychological wellbeing are not suitable for application as a first line treatment of an acute psychiatric disorder 20,64 .”
§ FORUM -THE EVOLVING SCIENCE OF EUTHYMIA: CONCEPTS, ASSESSMENT AND INTERVENTIONS The pursuit of euthymia > APPLICATIONS
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [20] 20. Fava GA. Well-being therapy. Treatment man- ual and clinical applications. Basel: Karger, 2016. source
- Partly supportedcites [64] 64. Fava GA, Cosci F, Guidi J et al. Well-being ther- apy in depression: new insights into the role of psychological well-being in the clinical process. Depress Anxiety 2017;34:801-8. sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Conclusions (section 5; page unavailable) say well-being therapy appears particularly suited to the residual phase of mood and anxiety disorders, and section 4.1 describes treating acute depressive symptoms before psychotherapy in a sequential model. The paper does not establish that all psychotherapy aimed at psychological well-being is unsuitable as first-line treatment for every acute psychiatric disorder; it says treatment selection depends on clinical judgment. (LLM, conf=0.86)
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Every source the paper cites for this claim was checked and supports it.
In the paper
“Frederickson et al 110 reported that individuals with high psychological wellbeing presented reduced CTRA gene expression, which introduces a potential protective role for psychological well-being in a number of medical disorders.”
§ FORUM -THE EVOLVING SCIENCE OF EUTHYMIA: CONCEPTS, ASSESSMENT AND INTERVENTIONS The pursuit of euthymia > Improving medical outcomes
What the sources say
- Supportedcites [110] source
The Results (Confirmation study) report a significant inverse association between psychological well-being and CTRA gene expression. The Abstract also reports reduced CTRA expression with a measure of psychological well-being in healthy adults. The sentence’s proposed protective role in medical disorders is an implication drawn from that finding, not a result it explicitly attributes to this paper. (LLM, conf=0.92)
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Supported
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“In other trials that took place in Canada 77 and the Netherlands 78 , some principles of WBT were used in addition to standard cognitive therapy.”
§ FORUM -THE EVOLVING SCIENCE OF EUTHYMIA: CONCEPTS, ASSESSMENT AND INTERVENTIONS The pursuit of euthymia > Relapse prevention
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [77] 77. Farb N, Anderson A, Ravindran A et al. Preven- tion of relapse/recurrence in major depressive disorder with either mindfulness-based cogni- tive therapy or cognitive therapy. J Consult Clin Psychol 2018;88:200-4. source
- Partly supportedcites [78] 78. Bockting CL, Klein NS, Elgersma HJ et al. The effectiveness of preventive cognitive therapy while tapering antidepressants compared with maintenance antidepressant treatment and their combination in the prevention of depres- sive relapse or recurrence (DRD study). Lancet Psychiatry 2018;5:401-10. sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Procedures section describes a Dutch trial of preventive cognitive therapy that included work on positive emotions and memories alongside evaluation of dysfunctional attitudes. The paper does not identify these components as principles of well-being therapy (WBT) or say that WBT principles were added to standard cognitive therapy. No page number is available in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.78)
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“The studies that used a sequential design clearly indicated that the level of remission obtained by successful pharmacotherapy could be increased by a subsequent psychotherapeutic treatment 72 .”
§ FORUM -THE EVOLVING SCIENCE OF EUTHYMIA: CONCEPTS, ASSESSMENT AND INTERVENTIONS The pursuit of euthymia > Increasing the level of recovery
What the sources say
- Partly supportedcites [72] 72. Guidi J, Tomba E, Fava GA. The sequential inte- gration of pharmacotherapy and psychotherapy in the treatment of major depressive disorder: a meta-analysis of the sequential model and a critical review of the literature. Am J Psychiatry 2016;173:128-37. sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Sequential Integration of Psychotherapy and Pharmacotherapy section reports that psychotherapy after a successful response to acute-phase pharmacotherapy reduced relapse or recurrence relative to controls. The Sequential Treatment section also discusses improvement of residual symptoms. The paper does not establish that subsequent psychotherapy increased the level of remission achieved by pharmacotherapy; its pooled outcome was relapse or recurrence. (LLM, conf=0.84)
boosteddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Partly supported
Every source the paper cites for this claim was checked and supports it.
In the paper
“Discontinuation of antidepressant medications such as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, duloxetine and venlafaxine represents a major clinical challenge 99,100 .”
§ FORUM -THE EVOLVING SCIENCE OF EUTHYMIA: CONCEPTS, ASSESSMENT AND INTERVENTIONS The pursuit of euthymia > Discontinuing psychotropic drugs
What the sources say
- Supportedcites [99] 99. Fava GA, Gatti A, Belaise C et al. Withdrawal symptoms after selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor discontinuation: a systematic review. Psychother Psychosom 2015;84:72-81. 100. Fava GA, Benasi G, Lucente M et al. Withdrawal symptoms after serotonin-noradrenaline reup- take inhibitor discontinuation: systematic re- view. Psychother Psychosom 2018;87:195-203. 101. Fava GA, Belaise C. Discontinuing antidepres- sant drugs. Psychother Psychosom 2018;87: 257-67. 102. Belaise C, Gatti A, Chouinard VA et al. Persistent postwithdrawal disorders induced by parox- etine, a selective serotonin reupt source
The Discussion (page not provided) says SSRI withdrawal can occur despite gradual tapering and that clinical management is hindered by complex factors and limited research. It also explicitly identifies similarities with withdrawal from venlafaxine and duloxetine, supporting the broad description of discontinuation as a clinical challenge. (LLM, conf=0.86)
- Supportedcites [100] source
The Discussion (p. 5) reports withdrawal symptoms after discontinuation of venlafaxine and duloxetine. The passage labeled References (p. 7) says clinicians should recognize SNRI withdrawal, as they already do for SSRIs, and exercise caution when prescribing these drugs. This supports the broad characterization of discontinuation as a clinical challenge. (LLM, conf=0.88)
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Supported
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“Three independent randomized controlled trials using the sequential combination of cognitive therapy and WBT were performed in Italy 73,74 , Germany 75 and the US 76 .”
§ FORUM -THE EVOLVING SCIENCE OF EUTHYMIA: CONCEPTS, ASSESSMENT AND INTERVENTIONS The pursuit of euthymia > Relapse prevention
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [73] 73. Fava GA, Rafanelli C, Grandi S et al. Prevention of recurrent depression with cognitive behav- ioral therapy: preliminary findings. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1998;55:816-20. source
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [74] 74. Fava GA, Ruini C, Rafanelli C et al. Six-year out- come of cognitive behavior therapy for preven- tion of recurrent depression. Am J Psychiatry 2004;161:1872-6. source
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [75] 75. Stangier U, Hilling C, Heidenreich T et al. Main- tenance cognitive-behavioral therapy and manualized psychoeducation in the treatment of recurrent depression: a multicenter prospec- tive randomized controlled study. Am J Psychi- atry 2013;170:624-32. source
- Partly supportedcites [76] 76. Kennard BD, Emslie GJ, Mayes TL et al. Se- quential treatment with fluoxetine and re- lapse-prevention CBT to improve outcomes in pediatric depression. Am J Psychiatry 2014;171: 1083-90. sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Methods describe a single-site randomized trial approved at the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, supporting its identification as a US trial. But the Discussion describes the sequence as fluoxetine followed by relapse-prevention CBT, not cognitive therapy combined with well-being therapy (WBT). This source also does not establish the stated total of three trials. (LLM, conf=0.85)
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“While the clinical benefits of WBT in increasing the level of recovery have been documented in depression 64 and generalized anxiety disorder 19 , this appears to be a possible target for a number of other mental health problems.”
§ FORUM -THE EVOLVING SCIENCE OF EUTHYMIA: CONCEPTS, ASSESSMENT AND INTERVENTIONS The pursuit of euthymia > Increasing the level of recovery
What the sources say
- Partly supportedcites [64] 64. Fava GA, Cosci F, Guidi J et al. Well-being ther- apy in depression: new insights into the role of psychological well-being in the clinical process. Depress Anxiety 2017;34:801-8. sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
Section 4.1 (Relapse prevention; page unavailable) reports lower relapse rates in recurrent depression after sequential CBT and WBT, but says the trials cannot establish whether WBT itself was the effective ingredient. The paper explicitly links an increased level of recovery to a generalized-anxiety-disorder study; in the citing sentence, that condition has a separate citation. (LLM, conf=0.86)
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [19] 19. Fava GA, Ruini C, Rafanelli C et al. Well-being therapy of generalized anxiety disorder. Psy- chother Psychosom 2005;74:26-30. source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Partly supported
- Probably not a substantial claim. 54
- It may state two separate claims as one. 43
Every source the paper cites for this claim was checked and supports it.
In the paper
“Psychological flexibility has been viewed 30 as the ability to: recognize and adapt to var ious situational demands; change one's paradigms when these strategies compromise personal or social functioning; maintain balance among important life domains; display consistency in one's behavior and deeply held values.”
§ FORUM -THE EVOLVING SCIENCE OF EUTHYMIA: CONCEPTS, ASSESSMENT AND INTERVENTIONS The pursuit of euthymia > Positive relations with others
What the sources say
- Supportedcites [30] 30. Kashdan TB, Rottenberg J. Psychological flex- ibility as a fundamental aspect of health. Clin Psychol Rev 2010;30:865-78. source
The Abstract describes psychological flexibility in nearly the same terms: adapting to situational demands, shifting mindsets or behaviors when they impair functioning, balancing life domains, and acting in line with deeply held values. The citing sentence paraphrases these elements. (LLM, conf=0.93)
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Supported
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“There is, in fact, extensive evidence that positive affects and well-being represent protective factors for health and increase resistance to stressful life situations 6,32,[36][37][38] .”
§ FORUM -THE EVOLVING SCIENCE OF EUTHYMIA: CONCEPTS, ASSESSMENT AND INTERVENTIONS The pursuit of euthymia > Positive relations with others
What the sources say
- Partly supportedcites [6] 6. Ryff CD. Psychological well-being revisited. Psychother Psychosom 2014;83:10-28. sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Health and Biological Research section (page unavailable) describes growing evidence that eudaimonic well-being has protective health associations, including better biological regulation in contexts of risk. It does not establish that positive affect independently protects health or that well-being increases resistance to stressful life situations; it notes that hedonic well-being showed minimal linkage to biomarkers in one study. (LLM, conf=0.84)
- Supportedcites [32] 32. Hasler G. Well-being: an important concept for psychotherapy and psychiatric neuroscience. Psychother Psychosom 2016;85:255-61. source
The opening discussion (p. 256) describes well-being as an important aspect of health and disease and links social well-being to resilience. The neuroscience discussion (p. 258) identifies reward-related functioning as a resilience factor that helps maintain well-being under stressful conditions. Together, these support the cited sentence’s broad claim. (LLM, conf=0.86)
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [36] 36. Fava GA, Cosci F, Sonino N. Current psycho- somatic practice. Psychother Psychosom 2017; 86:13-30. source
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [37] 37. Fava GA, Sonino N. From the lesson of George Engel to current knowledge: the biopsychoso- cial model 40 years later. Psychother Psycho- som 2017;86:257-9. source
- Partly supportedcites [38] 38. McEwen BS. Epigenetic interactions and the brain-body communication. Psychother Psy- chosom 2017;86:1-4. sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
In “Interventions That Change the Brain and Improve Health” (page unavailable), the paper says coping resources can promote resilience and improved mental health when people face stressful experiences. It does not establish the more specific claim that positive affect and well-being themselves protect health or increase resistance to stress, nor does it characterize the evidence for that claim as extensive. (LLM, conf=0.78)
boosteddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Partly supported
Every source the paper cites for this claim was checked and supports it.
In the paper
“Issues such as leading a meaningful and purposeful life as well as having quality ties to others affect the physiological substrates of health 32 .”
§ FORUM -THE EVOLVING SCIENCE OF EUTHYMIA: CONCEPTS, ASSESSMENT AND INTERVENTIONS The pursuit of euthymia > Positive relations with others
What the sources say
- Supportedcites [32] 32. Hasler G. Well-being: an important concept for psychotherapy and psychiatric neuroscience. Psychother Psychosom 2016;85:255-61. source
In “A Neuroscience Vision for Engel’s Unified Concept of Health and Disease” (p. 258), Hasler links goal-setting and making meaning to the brain’s reward system. The same section links strong social relationships and positive social interactions to mortality risk, reward pathways, and oxytocin. Together, these passages support the claim that purpose and social ties relate to physiological mechanisms of health. (LLM, conf=0.88)
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Supported
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“Such items have been incorporated in the Euthymia Scale 15 , that has been found to entail clinimetric validity and reliability 48 .”
§ FORUM -THE EVOLVING SCIENCE OF EUTHYMIA: CONCEPTS, ASSESSMENT AND INTERVENTIONS The pursuit of euthymia > Positive affects
What the sources say
- Could not verifycites [15] 15. Fava GA, Bech P. The concept of euthymia. Psy- chother Psychosom 2016;85:1-5. sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Definition and Measurement section says the scale was designed using clinimetric principles, and Table 1 presents its items. Neither passage reports a finding of validity or reliability. Searches for those properties found no such assessment in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.76)
- Partly supportedcites [48] 48. Carrozzino D, Svicher A, Patierno C et al. The Euthymia Scale: a clinimetric analysis. Psy- chother Psychosom 2019;88:119-21. sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The results and discussion (page not available in our copy) report satisfactory incremental and moderate concurrent validity for the Euthymia Scale. They do not establish its reliability, and the results say the full 10-item scale fell below the acceptable threshold for scalability. (LLM, conf=0.88)
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Could not verify
The sources with a verdict support this claim; the rest weren’t checked yet, have no full text we could read, or their verdicts aren’t rated yet.
In the paper
“Well-being therapy (WBT) is a manualized, short-term psychotherapeutic strategy that emphasizes self-observation, with the use of a structured diary, homework and interaction between patient and therapist 14,20,64 .”
§ FORUM -THE EVOLVING SCIENCE OF EUTHYMIA: CONCEPTS, ASSESSMENT AND INTERVENTIONS The pursuit of euthymia > PSYCHOTHERAPEUTIC TECHNIQUES
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [14] 14. Fava GA, Tomba E. Increasing psychological well-being and resilience by psychotherapeutic methods. J Pers 2009;77:1902-34. source
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [20] 20. Fava GA. Well-being therapy. Treatment man- ual and clinical applications. Basel: Karger, 2016. source
- Supportedcites [64] 64. Fava GA, Cosci F, Guidi J et al. Well-being ther- apy in depression: new insights into the role of psychological well-being in the clinical process. Depress Anxiety 2017;34:801-8. source
Section 2 (Characteristics) describes WBT in nearly the same terms as the citing sentence: a manualized, short-term strategy emphasizing self-observation, a structured diary, homework, and patient–therapist interaction. (LLM, conf=0.95)
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“Many psychotherapeutic techniques aimed to increase psychological well-being have been developed, although only a few have been tested in clinical settings [61][62][63] .”
§ FORUM -THE EVOLVING SCIENCE OF EUTHYMIA: CONCEPTS, ASSESSMENT AND INTERVENTIONS The pursuit of euthymia > PSYCHOTHERAPEUTIC TECHNIQUES
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [61] 61. Rashid T. Positive psychology in practice: posi- tive psychotherapy. In: David SA, Boniwell I, Conley Ayers A (eds). The Oxford handbook of happiness. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2013:978-93. source
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [62] 62. Quoidbach J, Mikolajczak M, Gross JJ. Positive interventions: an emotion regulation perspec- tive. Psychol Bull 2015;141:655-93. source
- Partly supportedcites [63] 63. Weiss LA, Westerhof GJ, Bohlmeijer ET. Can we increase psychological well-being? The effects of interventions on psychological well-being. PLoS One 2016;11:e0158092. sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Introduction describes several types of interventions aimed at improving psychological well-being. However, the Results (Study characteristics; page unavailable) report that 13 of the 27 included trials used clinical samples—nearly half—so the paper does not support the claim that only a few have been tested in clinical settings. (LLM, conf=0.87)
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“A shorter version, the 6-item part of the PsychoSocial Index 50,51 , has been developed and submitted to clinimetric validation: it was found to be a sensitive measure of well-being, yet it does not allow differentiation of the various dimensions.”
§ FORUM -THE EVOLVING SCIENCE OF EUTHYMIA: CONCEPTS, ASSESSMENT AND INTERVENTIONS The pursuit of euthymia > Psychological well-being
What the sources say
- Partly supportedcites [50] 50. Sonino N, Fava GA. A simple instrument for as- sessing stress in clinical practice. Postgrad Med J 1998;74:408-10. sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The INSTRUMENT section (page unavailable) identifies questions 31–36 as six well-being items within the 55-item Psychosocial Index. It does not report validation of those items as a shorter standalone measure, find them sensitive to well-being, or assess whether they distinguish its dimensions. The Results concern inter-rater agreement for the full index’s observer-rated dimensions. (LLM, conf=0.86)
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [51] 51. Piolanti A, Offidani O, Guidi J et al. Use of the PsychoSocial Index (PSI), a sensitive tool in research and practice. Psychother Psychosom 2016;85:337-45. source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Partly supported
Every source the paper cites for this claim was checked and supports it.
In the paper
“This design was subsequently used in a number of randomized controlled trials and was found to entail significant benefits in a meta-analysis 72 .”
§ FORUM -THE EVOLVING SCIENCE OF EUTHYMIA: CONCEPTS, ASSESSMENT AND INTERVENTIONS The pursuit of euthymia > Relapse prevention
What the sources say
- Supportedcites [72] 72. Guidi J, Tomba E, Fava GA. The sequential inte- gration of pharmacotherapy and psychotherapy in the treatment of major depressive disorder: a meta-analysis of the sequential model and a critical review of the literature. Am J Psychiatry 2016;173:128-37. source
The Abstract reports that 13 randomized controlled trials were included. The Sequential Integration of Psychotherapy and Pharmacotherapy (p. 130) reports a pooled relapse/recurrence risk ratio of 0.781 (95% CI 0.671–0.909), supporting a significant benefit for sequential treatment in major depressive disorder. (LLM, conf=0.93)
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Supported
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“A 10-item self-rating scale, the Acceptance and Action Questionnaire (AAQ-II), is available to measure psychological flexibility 52,53 .”
§ FORUM -THE EVOLVING SCIENCE OF EUTHYMIA: CONCEPTS, ASSESSMENT AND INTERVENTIONS The pursuit of euthymia > Psychological well-being
What the sources say
- Partly supportedcites [52] 52. Bond FW, Hayes SC, Baer R et al. Preliminary psychometric properties of the Acceptance and Action Questionnaire II: a revised measure of psychological inflexibility and experiential avoidance. Behav Ther 2011;42:676-88. sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Overview of the present studies identifies the AAQ-II as a measure of psychological flexibility and inflexibility. However, the General Discussion says the authors compared seven- and 10-item versions and did not retain three items, leaving a seven-item scale—not the claimed 10-item scale. Page numbers are unavailable in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.90)
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [53] 53. Fledderus M, Bohlmeijer ET, Fox JP et al. The role of psychological flexibility in a self-help ac- ceptance and commitment therapy interven- tion for psychological distress in a randomized controlled trial. Behav Res Ther 2013;51:142- 51. source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Partly supported
The cited sources that could be checked couldn’t confirm or dispute this claim.
In the paper
“ACT was found to significantly reduce suicidal ideation as well as mental pain compared to relaxation in adult suicidal patients 96 .”
§ FORUM -THE EVOLVING SCIENCE OF EUTHYMIA: CONCEPTS, ASSESSMENT AND INTERVENTIONS The pursuit of euthymia > Suicidal behavior
What the sources say
- Could not verifycites [96] 96. Ducasse D, Jaussent I, Arpon-Brand V et al. Ac- ceptance and commitment therapy for the man- agement of suicidal patients: a randomized controlled trial. Psychother Psychosom 2018;87: 211-22. sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The supplied passage is a repository page, not a results section. Searches for suicidal ideation, psychological pain, and the relaxation comparison returned only abstract text, which cannot serve as evidence under the specified rubric; no full-text passage establishes the claimed reductions. (LLM, conf=0.68)
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Could not verify
Every source the paper cites for this claim was checked and supports it.
In the paper
“At post-treatment, MBCT + TAU had significant beneficial effects in terms of remission rates, quality of life, mindfulness skills, and self-compassion, even though the intent to treat (ITT) analysis did not reveal a significant reduction in depressive symptoms.”
§ FORUM -THE EVOLVING SCIENCE OF EUTHYMIA: CONCEPTS, ASSESSMENT AND INTERVENTIONS The pursuit of euthymia > Treatment resistance
What the sources say
- Supportedcites [93] 93. Cladder-Micus MB, Speckens AEM, Vrijsen JN et al. Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy for patients with chronic, treatment-resistant de- pression: a pragmatic randomized controlled trial. Depress Anxiety 2018;35:914-24. source
Split into 2 atoms — 2 confirmed, 0 partially supported, 0 disputed, 0 misattributed, 0 unverifiable. Expand the claim to see per-atom verdicts.
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Supported
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“The results thus indicated that WBT may address both polarities of mood swings and is geared to a state of euthymia 15 .”
§ FORUM -THE EVOLVING SCIENCE OF EUTHYMIA: CONCEPTS, ASSESSMENT AND INTERVENTIONS The pursuit of euthymia > Modulating mood
What the sources say
- Partly supportedcites [15] 15. Fava GA, Bech P. The concept of euthymia. Psy- chother Psychosom 2016;85:1-5. sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Clinical Implications section describes WBT as a treatment for increasing psychological well-being and discusses therapies geared to euthymia. It does not say that WBT addresses both polarities of mood swings; its discussion of mania and depression elsewhere is not a finding about WBT. (LLM, conf=0.86)
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Partly supported
The sources with a verdict support this claim; the rest weren’t checked yet, have no full text we could read, or their verdicts aren’t rated yet.
In the paper
“A protocol based on the sequential combination of CBT and WBT in post-withdrawal disorders has been devised 101 and tested in case reports 102 .”
§ FORUM -THE EVOLVING SCIENCE OF EUTHYMIA: CONCEPTS, ASSESSMENT AND INTERVENTIONS The pursuit of euthymia > Discontinuing psychotropic drugs
What the sources say
- Supportedcites [101] source
The citation to this paper is attached to “has been devised,” not to “tested in case reports,” which has a separate citation. The paper describes its treatment protocol for post-withdrawal disorders, with CBT in the second module followed by WBT in the third (Second Module and Third Module sections; page not available). (LLM, conf=0.91)
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [102] source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Supported
Every source the paper cites for this claim was checked and supports it.
In the paper
“Withdrawal symptoms do not necessarily wane after drug discontinuation and may build into persistent post-withdrawal disorders 98 .”
§ FORUM -THE EVOLVING SCIENCE OF EUTHYMIA: CONCEPTS, ASSESSMENT AND INTERVENTIONS The pursuit of euthymia > Discontinuing psychotropic drugs
What the sources say
- Supportedcites [98] 98. Chouinard G, Chouinard VA. New classification of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) withdrawal. Psychother Psychosom 2015;84:63- 71. source
The paper says withdrawal symptoms may persist for months rather than resolve after discontinuation. Its Postwithdrawal Disorders section describes persistent symptoms associated with emerging disorders that last at least six weeks, and sometimes months to years (page not available in our copy). (LLM, conf=0.88)
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Supported
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“MBCT was significantly more efficacious than TAU in reducing depression severity, but not the number of cases who remitted.”
§ FORUM -THE EVOLVING SCIENCE OF EUTHYMIA: CONCEPTS, ASSESSMENT AND INTERVENTIONS The pursuit of euthymia > Treatment resistance
What the sources say
- Partly supportedcites [92] 92. Eisendrath SJ, Gillung E, Delucchi KL et al. A randomized controlled trial of mindfulness- based cognitive therapy for treatment-resistant depression. Psychother Psychosom 2016;85:99- 110. sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Results report a significantly greater reduction in depression severity with MBCT and no statistically significant difference in remission rates. But the Abstract Methods and Introduction identify the comparator as the Health-Enhancement Program (HEP), with treatment-as-usual pharmacotherapy given in both arms—not TAU alone. Page numbers are unavailable in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.91)
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Partly supported
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The pursuit of euthymia cannot be conceived as a therapeutic intervention for specific mental disorders, but as a transdiagnostic strategy to be incorporated in an individualized therapeutic plan.”
§ FORUM -THE EVOLVING SCIENCE OF EUTHYMIA: CONCEPTS, ASSESSMENT AND INTERVENTIONS The pursuit of euthymia > Abstract
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“This means that some individuals might have high levels of both ill-being and well-being, while others might have major mental disorders and poor psychological well-being, and further individuals might have no major mental disorders and high levels of psychological well-being.”
§ FORUM -THE EVOLVING SCIENCE OF EUTHYMIA: CONCEPTS, ASSESSMENT AND INTERVENTIONS The pursuit of euthymia > Abstract
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Jahoda 1 had postulated that a full recovery can be reached only through interventions which facilitate progress toward restoration or enhancement of psychological well-being.”
- Also stated in: § Increasing the level of recovery · plain
“A full recovery can be reached only through interventions which facilitate progress toward restoration or enhancement of psychological well-being 1 .”
§ FORUM -THE EVOLVING SCIENCE OF EUTHYMIA: CONCEPTS, ASSESSMENT AND INTERVENTIONS The pursuit of euthymia > Abstract
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [1] 1. Jahoda M. Current concepts of positive mental health. New York: Basic Books, 1958. source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
- Also stated in: § Increasing the level of recovery · plain
In the paper
“Psychological well-being thus needs to be incorporated in the definition of recovery 9 .”
§ FORUM -THE EVOLVING SCIENCE OF EUTHYMIA: CONCEPTS, ASSESSMENT AND INTERVENTIONS The pursuit of euthymia > Abstract
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [9] 9. Fava GA, Ruini C, Belaise C. The concept of recovery in major depression. Psychol Med 2007;37:307-17. source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“There is increasing evidence that the evaluation of euthymia and its components has major clinical implications.”
§ FORUM -THE EVOLVING SCIENCE OF EUTHYMIA: CONCEPTS, ASSESSMENT AND INTERVENTIONS The pursuit of euthymia > Abstract
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“A number of psychotherapeutic techniques aiming to enhance positive affects and psychological wellbeing (such as wellbeing therapy, mindfulnessbased cognitive therapy, and acceptance and commitment therapy) have been developed and validated in randomized controlled clinical trials.”
§ FORUM -THE EVOLVING SCIENCE OF EUTHYMIA: CONCEPTS, ASSESSMENT AND INTERVENTIONS The pursuit of euthymia > Abstract
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
In the paper
“There has been growing recognition that interventions that bring the person out of negative functioning may not involve a full recovery, but the achievement of a neutral position 9 .”
§ FORUM -THE EVOLVING SCIENCE OF EUTHYMIA: CONCEPTS, ASSESSMENT AND INTERVENTIONS The pursuit of euthymia > Abstract
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [9] 9. Fava GA, Ruini C, Belaise C. The concept of recovery in major depression. Psychol Med 2007;37:307-17. source
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
In the paper
“The concept of subjective incompetence (a feeling of being trapped or blocked because of a sense of inability to plan or start actions toward goals) stands as opposite to that of resilience 33 .”
§ FORUM -THE EVOLVING SCIENCE OF EUTHYMIA: CONCEPTS, ASSESSMENT AND INTERVENTIONS The pursuit of euthymia > Positive relations with others
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [33] 33. de Figueiredo JM, Frank JD. Subjective incom- petence, the clinical hallmark of demoraliza- tion. Compr Psychiatry 1982;23:353-63. source
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“Resilience has been defined as the capacity to maintain or recover high well-being in the face of life adversity 31 .”
§ FORUM -THE EVOLVING SCIENCE OF EUTHYMIA: CONCEPTS, ASSESSMENT AND INTERVENTIONS The pursuit of euthymia > Positive relations with others
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [31] 31. Ryff CD, Singer B, Dienbery Love G et al. Resil- ience in adulthood and later life. In: Lomranz J (ed). Handbook of aging and mental health. New York: Plenum, 1998:69-96. source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“Excessively elevated levels of positive emotions can also become detrimental 13 , and are more connected with mental disorders and impaired functioning than with psychological well-being.”
§ FORUM -THE EVOLVING SCIENCE OF EUTHYMIA: CONCEPTS, ASSESSMENT AND INTERVENTIONS The pursuit of euthymia > EUTHYMIA AS AN INTEGRATIVE FRAMEWORK
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [13] 13. Wood AM, Tarrier N. Positive clinical psychol- ogy. Clin Psychol Rev 2010;30:819-29.
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Yet, this movement attracted considerable criticism 13,14 .”
§ FORUM -THE EVOLVING SCIENCE OF EUTHYMIA: CONCEPTS, ASSESSMENT AND INTERVENTIONS The pursuit of euthymia > Abstract
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [13] 13. Wood AM, Tarrier N. Positive clinical psychol- ogy. Clin Psychol Rev 2010;30:819-29.
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [14] 14. Fava GA, Tomba E. Increasing psychological well-being and resilience by psychotherapeutic methods. J Pers 2009;77:1902-34. source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
In the paper
“The movement can be credited with delivering the message that psychology needs to consider the positive as well as the negative, an issue that was much later extended to psychiatry 12 .”
§ FORUM -THE EVOLVING SCIENCE OF EUTHYMIA: CONCEPTS, ASSESSMENT AND INTERVENTIONS The pursuit of euthymia > Abstract
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [12] 12. Jeste DV, Palmer BW. Positive psychiatry. A clinical handbook. Washington: American Psy- chiatric Publishing, 2015. source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“However, the two viewpoints are inextricably linked in clinical situations, where they also interact with mood fluctuations 14 .”
§ FORUM -THE EVOLVING SCIENCE OF EUTHYMIA: CONCEPTS, ASSESSMENT AND INTERVENTIONS The pursuit of euthymia > Positive relations with others
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [14] 14. Fava GA, Tomba E. Increasing psychological well-being and resilience by psychotherapeutic methods. J Pers 2009;77:1902-34. source
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Appraisal of positive cognitions and affects thus needs to occur in the setting of an integrative framework, which may be provided by the concept of euthymia.”
§ FORUM -THE EVOLVING SCIENCE OF EUTHYMIA: CONCEPTS, ASSESSMENT AND INTERVENTIONS The pursuit of euthymia > EUTHYMIA AS AN INTEGRATIVE FRAMEWORK
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The WHO-5 scale consists of five items that cover a basic life perception of a dynamic state of well-being.”
§ FORUM -THE EVOLVING SCIENCE OF EUTHYMIA: CONCEPTS, ASSESSMENT AND INTERVENTIONS The pursuit of euthymia > Positive affects
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“The Symptom Questionnaire is a self-rating scale with 24 items referring to relaxation, contentment, physical well-being and friendliness, and 68 items referring to anxiety, depression, somatization and hostility-irritability 17 .”
§ FORUM -THE EVOLVING SCIENCE OF EUTHYMIA: CONCEPTS, ASSESSMENT AND INTERVENTIONS The pursuit of euthymia > Positive affects
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [17] 17. Kellner R. A symptom questionnaire. J Clin Psy- chiatry 1987;48:269-74.
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Optimal balanced well-being can be different from person to person, according to factors such as personality traits, social roles, cultural and social context.”
§ FORUM -THE EVOLVING SCIENCE OF EUTHYMIA: CONCEPTS, ASSESSMENT AND INTERVENTIONS The pursuit of euthymia > EUTHYMIA AS AN INTEGRATIVE FRAMEWORK
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
In the paper
“This definition of euthymia, because of its intertwining with mood stability, is substantially different from the concept of eudaimonic well-being, that has become increasingly popular in positive psychology 34 .”
§ FORUM -THE EVOLVING SCIENCE OF EUTHYMIA: CONCEPTS, ASSESSMENT AND INTERVENTIONS The pursuit of euthymia > Positive relations with others
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [34] 34. Huta V. Eudaimonia. In: David SA, Boniwell I, Conley Ayers A (eds). The Oxford handbook of happiness. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2013:200-13. source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“It is thus questionable whether subthreshold symptomatic periods truly represent euthymia 28 .”
§ FORUM -THE EVOLVING SCIENCE OF EUTHYMIA: CONCEPTS, ASSESSMENT AND INTERVENTIONS The pursuit of euthymia > Positive relations with others
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [28] 28. Fava GA. Subclinical symptoms in mood disor- ders: pathophysiological and therapeutic im- plications. Psychol Med 1999;29:47-61. source
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A claim is checked only against the cited paper’s full text, never its abstract, and none is available for its sources.
In the paper
“Again, euthymia is often defined essentially in negative terms 29 , as a lack of a certain intensity of mood symptoms, and not as the presence of specific positive features that characterize recovery 9 .”
§ FORUM -THE EVOLVING SCIENCE OF EUTHYMIA: CONCEPTS, ASSESSMENT AND INTERVENTIONS The pursuit of euthymia > Positive relations with others
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [29] 29. Dunner DL. Duration of periods of euthymia in patients with dysthymic disorder. Am J Psychia- try 1999;156:1992-3. source
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [9] 9. Fava GA, Ruini C, Belaise C. The concept of recovery in major depression. Psychol Med 2007;37:307-17. source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Resilience is thus conceptualized as a longitudinal and dynamic process, which is related to the concept of flourishing.”
§ FORUM -THE EVOLVING SCIENCE OF EUTHYMIA: CONCEPTS, ASSESSMENT AND INTERVENTIONS The pursuit of euthymia > Positive relations with others
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Treatment of psychiatric symptoms may induce improvement of well-being, and, indeed, scales de scribing well-being were found to be more sensitive to medication effects than those describing symptoms 17 .”
§ FORUM -THE EVOLVING SCIENCE OF EUTHYMIA: CONCEPTS, ASSESSMENT AND INTERVENTIONS The pursuit of euthymia > EUTHYMIA AS AN INTEGRATIVE FRAMEWORK
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [17] 17. Kellner R. A symptom questionnaire. J Clin Psy- chiatry 1987;48:269-74.
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
In the paper
“She defined it as integration: the individual's balance of psychic forces (flexibility), a unifying outlook on life which guides actions and feelings for shaping future accordingly (consistency), and resistance to stress (resilience and tolerance to anxiety or frustration).”
§ FORUM -THE EVOLVING SCIENCE OF EUTHYMIA: CONCEPTS, ASSESSMENT AND INTERVENTIONS The pursuit of euthymia > Positive relations with others
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [1] 1. Jahoda M. Current concepts of positive mental health. New York: Basic Books, 1958. source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Despite these developments, consideration of psychological well-being has had a limited impact so far on general practice.”
§ FORUM -THE EVOLVING SCIENCE OF EUTHYMIA: CONCEPTS, ASSESSMENT AND INTERVENTIONS The pursuit of euthymia > Abstract
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
In the paper
“However, considerable fluctuations in psychological distress were recorded in studies with longitudinal designs, suggesting that the illness is still active in those latter periods, even though its intensity may vary 28 .”
§ FORUM -THE EVOLVING SCIENCE OF EUTHYMIA: CONCEPTS, ASSESSMENT AND INTERVENTIONS The pursuit of euthymia > Positive relations with others
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [28] 28. Fava GA. Subclinical symptoms in mood disor- ders: pathophysiological and therapeutic im- plications. Psychol Med 1999;29:47-61. source
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Positive psychology developed outside the clinical field and, not surprisingly, its oversimplified approach (happiness and optimism, the more the better) was likely to clash with the complexities of clinical reality 13,14 .”
§ FORUM -THE EVOLVING SCIENCE OF EUTHYMIA: CONCEPTS, ASSESSMENT AND INTERVENTIONS The pursuit of euthymia > Abstract
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [13] 13. Wood AM, Tarrier N. Positive clinical psychol- ogy. Clin Psychol Rev 2010;30:819-29.
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [14] 14. Fava GA, Tomba E. Increasing psychological well-being and resilience by psychotherapeutic methods. J Pers 2009;77:1902-34. source
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
In the paper
“Yet, probably the strongest input to the consideration of psychological well-being came from the positive psychology movement initiated by the American Psychological Association in the year 2000 11 , which had a huge impact on psychology and the society in general in a very short time.”
§ FORUM -THE EVOLVING SCIENCE OF EUTHYMIA: CONCEPTS, ASSESSMENT AND INTERVENTIONS The pursuit of euthymia > Abstract
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [11] 11. Seligman MEP, Csikszentmihalyi M. Posi- tive psychology: an introduction. Am Psychol 2000;55:5-14. source
hedgeddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“Indeed, research on psychological well-being can be summarized 35 as falling in two general groups: the hedonic viewpoint focuses on subjective well-being, happiness, pain avoidance and life satisfaction, whereas the eudaimonic viewpoint, as portrayed by Aristotle, focuses on meaning and self-realization and defines well-being in terms of degree to which a person is fully functioning or as a set”
§ FORUM -THE EVOLVING SCIENCE OF EUTHYMIA: CONCEPTS, ASSESSMENT AND INTERVENTIONS The pursuit of euthymia > Positive relations with others
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [35] 35. Ryan RM, Deci EL. On happiness and human potential: a review of research on hedonic and eudaimonic well-being. Annu Rev Psychol 2001; 52:141-66. source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Extensive clinical research has documented its sensitivity to change and ability to discriminate between different populations 45 .”
§ FORUM -THE EVOLVING SCIENCE OF EUTHYMIA: CONCEPTS, ASSESSMENT AND INTERVENTIONS The pursuit of euthymia > Positive affects
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [45] 45. Rafanelli C, Ruini C. Assessment of psychologi- cal well-being in psychosomatic medicine. In: Fava GA, Sonino N, Wise TN (eds). The psycho- somatic assessment. Basel: Karger, 2012:182- 202. source
boostedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“In 1991, Garamoni et al 16 suggested that healthy functioning is characterized by an optimal balance of positive and negative cognitions and affects, and that psychopathology is marked by deviations from this balance.”
§ FORUM -THE EVOLVING SCIENCE OF EUTHYMIA: CONCEPTS, ASSESSMENT AND INTERVENTIONS The pursuit of euthymia > EUTHYMIA AS AN INTEGRATIVE FRAMEWORK
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [16] 16. Garamoni GL, Reynolds CF 3rd, Thase ME. The balance of positive and negative affects in major depression: a further test of the states of the mind model. Psychiatry Res 1991;39:99- 108. source
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Every successful psychotherapy, regardless of its target, is likely to improve subjective well-being and to reduce symptoma tic distress 60 .”
§ FORUM -THE EVOLVING SCIENCE OF EUTHYMIA: CONCEPTS, ASSESSMENT AND INTERVENTIONS The pursuit of euthymia > PSYCHOTHERAPEUTIC TECHNIQUES
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [60] 60. Howard KI, Lueger RJ, Maling MS et al. A phase model of psychotherapy outcome: causal me- diation of change. J Consult Clin Psychol 1993; 61:678-85. source
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The questionnaire, because of its length, may be problematic to use in a busy clinical setting.”
§ FORUM -THE EVOLVING SCIENCE OF EUTHYMIA: CONCEPTS, ASSESSMENT AND INTERVENTIONS The pursuit of euthymia > Psychological well-being
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Yet, flexibility is only one component of euthymia.”
§ FORUM -THE EVOLVING SCIENCE OF EUTHYMIA: CONCEPTS, ASSESSMENT AND INTERVENTIONS The pursuit of euthymia > Psychological well-being
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“There are also further psychotherapeutic approaches, such as Padesky and Mooney's strengths-based CBT 68 and forgiveness therapy 69 , that have been suggested to increase well-being, but await adequate clinical validation 66 .”
§ FORUM -THE EVOLVING SCIENCE OF EUTHYMIA: CONCEPTS, ASSESSMENT AND INTERVENTIONS The pursuit of euthymia > PSYCHOTHERAPEUTIC TECHNIQUES
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [68] 68. Padesky CA, Mooney K. Strengths based cog- nitive-behavioural therapy. Clin Psychol Psy- chother 2012;19:283-90.
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [69] 69. Enright RD, Fitzgibbons RP. Forgiveness thera- py. Washington: American Psychological Asso- ciation, 2014. source
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [66] 66. MacLeod AK, Luzon O. The place of psycho- logical well-being in cognitive therapy. In: Fava GA, Ruini C (eds). Increasing psychological well-being in clinical and educational settings. Dordrecht: Springer, 2014:41-55. source
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“It is simply wishful thinking to believe that one course of treatment will be sufficient for yielding lasting and satisfactory remission.”
§ FORUM -THE EVOLVING SCIENCE OF EUTHYMIA: CONCEPTS, ASSESSMENT AND INTERVENTIONS The pursuit of euthymia > APPLICATIONS
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Further, both the PWB scales and derived indices and the AAQ-II provide assessment of the impaired and optimal levels, but do not yield information about excessive levels.”
§ FORUM -THE EVOLVING SCIENCE OF EUTHYMIA: CONCEPTS, ASSESSMENT AND INTERVENTIONS The pursuit of euthymia > Psychological well-being
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“It needs to be integrated with positive affects and psychological well-being, as well as with a broad range of further elements, including stress, lifestyle, subclinical symptoms, illness behavior and social support, in a longitudinal perspective 54 .”
§ FORUM -THE EVOLVING SCIENCE OF EUTHYMIA: CONCEPTS, ASSESSMENT AND INTERVENTIONS The pursuit of euthymia > Integration with psychiatric symptomatology
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [54] 54. Fava GA, Rafanelli C, Tomba E. The clinical process in psychiatry. J Clin Psychiatry 2012; 73:177-84. source
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence.
In the paper
“The planning of treatment thus requires determination of the symptomatic target of the first line approach (e.g., pharmacotherapy), and tentative identification of other areas of concern to be addressed by subsequent treatment (e.g., psychotherapy) 59 .”
§ FORUM -THE EVOLVING SCIENCE OF EUTHYMIA: CONCEPTS, ASSESSMENT AND INTERVENTIONS The pursuit of euthymia > Integration with psychiatric symptomatology
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [59] 59. Guidi J, Tomba E, Cosci F et al. The role of stag- ing in planning psychotherapeutic interven- tions in depression. J Clin Psychiatry 2017;78: 456-63. source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In most instances of diagnostic reasoning in psychiatry, the process ends with the identification of a disorder, according to a diagnostic system.”
§ FORUM -THE EVOLVING SCIENCE OF EUTHYMIA: CONCEPTS, ASSESSMENT AND INTERVENTIONS The pursuit of euthymia > Integration with psychiatric symptomatology
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
In the paper
“The choice of these instruments is dictated by the clinimetric concept of incremental validity 54 : each aspect of psychological measurement should deliver a unique increase in information in order to qualify for inclusion.”
§ FORUM -THE EVOLVING SCIENCE OF EUTHYMIA: CONCEPTS, ASSESSMENT AND INTERVENTIONS The pursuit of euthymia > Integration with psychiatric symptomatology
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [54] 54. Fava GA, Rafanelli C, Tomba E. The clinical process in psychiatry. J Clin Psychiatry 2012; 73:177-84. source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“Its main aim is to reduce the impact of potentially distressing thoughts and feelings, but it also introduces techniques such as mindful, non-judgmental attention and mastery, and pleasure tasks that may be geared to a good life 66 .”
§ FORUM -THE EVOLVING SCIENCE OF EUTHYMIA: CONCEPTS, ASSESSMENT AND INTERVENTIONS The pursuit of euthymia > PSYCHOTHERAPEUTIC TECHNIQUES
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [66] 66. MacLeod AK, Luzon O. The place of psycho- logical well-being in cognitive therapy. In: Fava GA, Ruini C (eds). Increasing psychological well-being in clinical and educational settings. Dordrecht: Springer, 2014:41-55. source
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Unlike WBT, ACT argues that attempts at changing thoughts can be counterproductive, and encourages instead awareness and acceptance through mindfulness practice.”
§ FORUM -THE EVOLVING SCIENCE OF EUTHYMIA: CONCEPTS, ASSESSMENT AND INTERVENTIONS The pursuit of euthymia > PSYCHOTHERAPEUTIC TECHNIQUES
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“They encompass 84 items and six dimensions (environmental mastery, personal growth, purpose in life, autonomy, self-acceptance, and positive relations with others) 2 .”
§ FORUM -THE EVOLVING SCIENCE OF EUTHYMIA: CONCEPTS, ASSESSMENT AND INTERVENTIONS The pursuit of euthymia > Psychological well-being
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [2] 2. Ryff CD. Happiness is everything, or is it? Explo- rations on the meaning of psychological well- being. J Pers Soc Psychol 1989;6:1069-81. source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“However, the good life that is strived for is a state involving detachment, as portrayed by Epicurus, and not necessarily euthymia, as depicted by Plutarch.”
§ FORUM -THE EVOLVING SCIENCE OF EUTHYMIA: CONCEPTS, ASSESSMENT AND INTERVENTIONS The pursuit of euthymia > PSYCHOTHERAPEUTIC TECHNIQUES
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.
A claim is checked only against the cited paper’s full text, never its abstract, and none is available for its sources.
In the paper
“Acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) 67 is aimed to increase psychological flexibility 53 .”
§ FORUM -THE EVOLVING SCIENCE OF EUTHYMIA: CONCEPTS, ASSESSMENT AND INTERVENTIONS The pursuit of euthymia > PSYCHOTHERAPEUTIC TECHNIQUES
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [67] 67. Hayes SC, Strosahal K, Wilson KG. Acceptance and commitment therapy. New York: Guilford, 1999. source
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [53] 53. Fledderus M, Bohlmeijer ET, Fox JP et al. The role of psychological flexibility in a self-help ac- ceptance and commitment therapy interven- tion for psychological distress in a randomized controlled trial. Behav Res Ther 2013;51:142- 51. source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“It consists of an integration of behavioral theories of change with mindfulness and acceptance strategies.”
§ FORUM -THE EVOLVING SCIENCE OF EUTHYMIA: CONCEPTS, ASSESSMENT AND INTERVENTIONS The pursuit of euthymia > PSYCHOTHERAPEUTIC TECHNIQUES
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A claim is checked only against the cited paper’s full text, never its abstract, and none is available for its sources.
In the paper
“The second technical step requires reference to the staging method, whereby a disorder is characterized according to severity, extension and longitudinal development 57,58 .”
§ FORUM -THE EVOLVING SCIENCE OF EUTHYMIA: CONCEPTS, ASSESSMENT AND INTERVENTIONS The pursuit of euthymia > Integration with psychiatric symptomatology
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [57] 57. Fava GA, Kellner R. Staging: a neglected dimen- sion in psychiatric classification. Acta Psychiatr Scand 1993;87:225-30. source
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [58] 58. Cosci F, Fava GA. Staging of mental disorders: systematic review. Psychother Psychosom 2013; 82:20-34. source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
In the paper
“Another psychotherapeutic strategy intended to increase psychological wellbeing is mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT) 65 , which is built on the Buddhist philosophy of a good life.”
§ FORUM -THE EVOLVING SCIENCE OF EUTHYMIA: CONCEPTS, ASSESSMENT AND INTERVENTIONS The pursuit of euthymia > PSYCHOTHERAPEUTIC TECHNIQUES
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [65] 65. Segal ZV, Williams JMG, Teasdale JD. Mindful- ness-based cognitive therapy for depression. New York: Guilford, 2002.
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
In the paper
“Further, certain psychotherapeutic strategies can be deferred to a residual stage of psychiatric illness, when state-dependent learning has been improved by the use of medications 59 .”
§ FORUM -THE EVOLVING SCIENCE OF EUTHYMIA: CONCEPTS, ASSESSMENT AND INTERVENTIONS The pursuit of euthymia > Integration with psychiatric symptomatology
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [59] 59. Guidi J, Tomba E, Cosci F et al. The role of stag- ing in planning psychotherapeutic interven- tions in depression. J Clin Psychiatry 2017;78: 456-63. source
plainconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“From the available studies, we are unable to detect whether the pursuit of psychological well-being was a specific effective ingredient and what was the mechanism decreasing the likelihood of relapse.”
§ FORUM -THE EVOLVING SCIENCE OF EUTHYMIA: CONCEPTS, ASSESSMENT AND INTERVENTIONS The pursuit of euthymia > Relapse prevention
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Positive changes can be observed in self-concept (e.g., new evaluation of one's strength and resilience), appreciation of life opportunities, social relations, hierarchy of values and priorities, spiritual growth.”
§ FORUM -THE EVOLVING SCIENCE OF EUTHYMIA: CONCEPTS, ASSESSMENT AND INTERVENTIONS The pursuit of euthymia > Post-traumatic stress disorder
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [103] source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“The process of rehabilitation, in fact, requires the promotion of well-being and changes in lifestyle as primary targets of intervention 106 .”
§ FORUM -THE EVOLVING SCIENCE OF EUTHYMIA: CONCEPTS, ASSESSMENT AND INTERVENTIONS The pursuit of euthymia > Improving medical outcomes
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [106] source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“Both WBT and CBT were associated with a significant reduction of those symptoms, but a significant advantage of WBT over CBT was detected by observer-rated methods.”
§ FORUM -THE EVOLVING SCIENCE OF EUTHYMIA: CONCEPTS, ASSESSMENT AND INTERVENTIONS The pursuit of euthymia > Increasing the level of recovery
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [18] 18. Fava GA, Rafanelli C, Cazzaro M et al. Well-being therapy: a novel psychotherapeutic ap proach for residual symptoms of affective disorders. Psy- chol Med 1998;28:475-80. source
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Nonetheless, the clinical results that have been obtained are impressive, and the sequential model seems to be a strategy that has enduring effects in the prevention of the vexing problem of relapse in depression.”
§ FORUM -THE EVOLVING SCIENCE OF EUTHYMIA: CONCEPTS, ASSESSMENT AND INTERVENTIONS The pursuit of euthymia > Relapse prevention
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“It is thus possible to postulate a role for psychotherapeutic interventions modulating psychological well-being in the setting of medical diseases, to counteract the limitations and challenges induced by illness experience.”
§ FORUM -THE EVOLVING SCIENCE OF EUTHYMIA: CONCEPTS, ASSESSMENT AND INTERVENTIONS The pursuit of euthymia > Improving medical outcomes
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence.
A claim is checked only against the cited paper’s full text, never its abstract, and none is available for its sources.
In the paper
“Such patterns have been implicated in the pathophysiology of cancer 108 and cardiovascular diseases 109 .”
§ FORUM -THE EVOLVING SCIENCE OF EUTHYMIA: CONCEPTS, ASSESSMENT AND INTERVENTIONS The pursuit of euthymia > Improving medical outcomes
What the sources say
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The evidence supporting the clinical value of the pursuit of euthymia is still limited.”
§ FORUM -THE EVOLVING SCIENCE OF EUTHYMIA: CONCEPTS, ASSESSMENT AND INTERVENTIONS The pursuit of euthymia > CONCLUSIONS
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Customary clinical taxonomy and evaluation do not include psychological wellbeing, which may demarcate major prognostic and therapeutic differences among patients who otherwise seem to be deceptively similar since they share the same diagnosis.”
§ FORUM -THE EVOLVING SCIENCE OF EUTHYMIA: CONCEPTS, ASSESSMENT AND INTERVENTIONS The pursuit of euthymia > CONCLUSIONS
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“This perspective is different from interventions that are labelled as positive but are actually distress oriented.”
§ FORUM -THE EVOLVING SCIENCE OF EUTHYMIA: CONCEPTS, ASSESSMENT AND INTERVENTIONS The pursuit of euthymia > CONCLUSIONS
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“However, the insights gained may unravel innovative approaches to the assessment and treatment of mental disorders, with particular reference to decreasing vulnerability to relapse, increasing the level of recovery, and modulating mood.”
§ FORUM -THE EVOLVING SCIENCE OF EUTHYMIA: CONCEPTS, ASSESSMENT AND INTERVENTIONS The pursuit of euthymia > CONCLUSIONS
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“WBT, MBCT and ACT have been found effective in ran domized controlled clinical trials.”
§ FORUM -THE EVOLVING SCIENCE OF EUTHYMIA: CONCEPTS, ASSESSMENT AND INTERVENTIONS The pursuit of euthymia > CONCLUSIONS
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“yet psychological distress and low levels of well-being are commonly observed among patients with chronic conditions and represent important obstacles to behavioral change 36 .”
§ FORUM -THE EVOLVING SCIENCE OF EUTHYMIA: CONCEPTS, ASSESSMENT AND INTERVENTIONS The pursuit of euthymia > Improving health attitudes and behavior
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [36] 36. Fava GA, Cosci F, Sonino N. Current psycho- somatic practice. Psychother Psychosom 2017; 86:13-30. source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“These outcomes may be unsatisfactory not because technical interventions are missing, but because our conceptual models, shifted on the side of psychological dysfunction, are inadequate.”
§ FORUM -THE EVOLVING SCIENCE OF EUTHYMIA: CONCEPTS, ASSESSMENT AND INTERVENTIONS The pursuit of euthymia > CONCLUSIONS
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
In the paper
“Lifestyle modification focused on weight reduction, increased physical activity, and dietary change is recommended as first line therapy in a number of disorders, yet psychological distress and low levels of well-being are commonly observed among patients with chronic conditions and represent important obstacles to behavioral change 36 .”
§ FORUM -THE EVOLVING SCIENCE OF EUTHYMIA: CONCEPTS, ASSESSMENT AND INTERVENTIONS The pursuit of euthymia > Improving health attitudes and behavior
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [36] 36. Fava GA, Cosci F, Sonino N. Current psycho- somatic practice. Psychother Psychosom 2017; 86:13-30. source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“An important characteristic of WBT is having euthymia as a specific target.”
§ FORUM -THE EVOLVING SCIENCE OF EUTHYMIA: CONCEPTS, ASSESSMENT AND INTERVENTIONS The pursuit of euthymia > CONCLUSIONS
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
The authors state this as an assumption.
In most cases of mental disorders there are functional relationships with other more or less clearly defined problem areas, and the targets of treatment may vary during the course of disturbances.
“This method starts from the assumption that in most cases of mental disorders there are functional relationships with other more or less clearly defined problem areas, and that the targets of treatment may vary during the course of disturbances.”
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“In addition to WBT, Fava and Guidi note that two other evidence-based psychotherapies have features that may be useful in reaching states of euthymia.”
From Specificity in the pursuit of euthymia (2020) · cites this paper as [1]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“In their incisive paper, Fava and Guidi 1 argue that therapies, in addition to relief of symptoms or distress, should have the more ambitious goal of helping patients achieve a euthymic state that includes psychological well-being, positive affects, and flexibility.”
From Specificity in the pursuit of euthymia (2020) · cites this paper as [1]
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“In a way, they are proposing that therapies go beyond the 'gold standard' of remission to a 'platinum standard' that could convey greater benefits in terms of quality of life and relapse prevention.”
From Specificity in the pursuit of euthymia (2020) · cites this paper as [1]
In the citing paper
“Indeed, in clinical medicine, the many methods that are available for measuring comorbidity are not limited to disease entities [57].”
From The Deceptive Manifestations of Treatment Resistance in Depression: A New Look at the Problem (2020) · cites this paper as [57]
In the citing paper
“The present report adds consistent emphasis on the need to explore patients’ perspectives through an empathic understanding of their sufferance as part of the clinical picture [51–53].”
From High depression symptomatology and mental pain characterize suicidal psychiatric patients (2022) · cites this paper as [51]
Citations
Cites
Happiness is everything, or is it? Explorations on the meaning of psychological well-being.
Ryff, C. D. (1989) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.57.6.1069 · Cited by 14,847
On Happiness and Human Potentials: A Review of Research on Hedonic and Eudaimonic Well-Being
Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2001) · Annual Review of Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev.psych.52.1.141 · Cited by 11,567
Positive psychology: An introduction.
Seligman, M. E. P., & Csikszentmihalyi, M. (2000) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/0003-066x.55.1.5 · Cited by 11,351
Molecular Mechanisms of Depression: Perspectives on New Treatment Strategies
Lang, U. E., & Borgwardt, S. (2013) · Cellular Physiology and Biochemistry · doi:10.1159/000350094 · Cited by 8,526
The mental health continuum: from languishing to flourishing in life.
Keyes, C. L. M. (2002) · Journal of Health and Social Behavior · doi:10.2307/3090197 · Cited by 5,133
The WHO-5 well-being index: A systematic review of the literature
Topp, C. W., Østergaard, S. D., Søndergaard, S., & Bech, P. (2015) · Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics · doi:10.1159/000376585 · Cited by 4,708
Bond, F. W., Hayes, S. C., Baer, R. A., Carpenter, K. M., Guenole, N., Orcutt, H. K., Waltz, T., & Zettle, R. D. (2011) · Behavior Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.beth.2011.03.007 · Cited by 3,950
Prevention of relapse/recurrence in major depression by mindfulness-based cognitive therapy.
Teasdale, J. D., Segal, Z. V., Williams, J. M. G., Ridgeway, V. A., Soulsby, J. M., & Lau, M. A. (2000) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-006x.68.4.615 · Cited by 3,236
Psychological flexibility as a fundamental aspect of health
Kashdan, T. B., & Rottenberg, J. (2010) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2010.03.001 · Cited by 3,054
Psychological Well-Being Revisited: Advances in the Science and Practice of Eudaimonia
Ryff, C. D. (2014) · Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics · doi:10.1159/000353263 · Cited by 2,976
Research works printed but not linked: 2
- Emmelkamp PMG, 1993, Anxiety disorders
- Enright RD, 2014, Forgiveness therapy
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Allostatic load and its impact on health: A systematic review
Guidi, J., Lucente, M., Sonino, N., & Fava, G. A. (2021) · Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics · doi:10.1159/000510696 · Cited by 1,266
Self-citationMaj, M., Stein, D. J., Parker, G., Zimmerman, M., Fava, G. A., De Hert, M., Demyttenaere, K., McIntyre, R. S., Widiger, T., & Wittchen, H. (2020) · World Psychiatry · doi:10.1002/wps.20771 · Cited by 435
Self-citationCarrozzino, D., Patierno, C., Fava, G. A., & Guidi, J. (2020) · Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics · doi:10.1159/000506879 · Cited by 288
Self-citationClinical characterization of allostatic overload
Fava, G. A., McEwen, B. S., Guidi, J., Gostoli, S., Offidani, E., & Sonino, N. (2019) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2019.05.028 · Cited by 265
Self-citationClinimetric Criteria for Patient-Reported Outcome Measures
Carrozzino, D., Patierno, C., Guidi, J., Montiel, C. B., Cao, J., Charlson, M. E., Christensen, K. S., Concato, J., Cuevas, C. D. L., de León, J., et al. (2021) · Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics · doi:10.1159/000516599 · Cited by 185
Self-citation
Metadata
- Authors
- Fava, G. A., & Guidi, J.
- Affiliations
- University at Buffalo, State University of New York (US)
- University of Bologna (IT)
- Venue
- World Psychiatry
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2020-01-10
- Volume
- 19
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 40-50
- ISSN
- 1723-8617 (ISSN-L)
- 2051-5545
- PMC
- PMC7254162
- OpenAlex
- W3000569588
- Semantic Scholar
- 164b745542f90af42f3303bb336ba53378c5b89c
- Cited by
- 148
- References
- 118
- Citations by year
- 2026: 11 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 20 · 2023: 16 · 2022: 28 · 2021: 29 · 2020: 31
- FWCI
- 22.36
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- World Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Archivio istituzionale della ricerca (Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Psychological Well-being and Life Satisfaction
- Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › Philosophy › Mental Health and Psychiatry
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Optimism, Hope, and Well-being
- Keywords
- euthymia, psychological well-being, eudaimonia, resilience, transdiagnostic approach, positive affect, well-being therapy, mindfulness-based cognitive therapy, acceptance and commitment therapy, meaning in life, self-determination
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
A language model drew the claims from the paper on 2026-10-11, under version 3 of the claim definition (model deepseek-v4.1-flash, prompt extract-v3).
A second model labelled each claim on 2026-10-11 (model jev-1.13-20260917, definition revision gold-guideline-v0.2).
Cited sources are checked with a language model’s help (gpt-6-sol).
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
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