Meal Pattern and Nutrient Intake Among Adult Finns
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between meal pattern and diet. Nutrient contents of meals, snacks and other eating occasions were compared and differences in dietary intake analysed between respondents following a conventional meal pattern and others. A random sample of 1861 adults aged 25-64 from four regions of Finland completed a mailed questionnaire and 3-day food record in the spring of 1992. A conventional meal pattern was defined on the basis of national dietary guidelines as including breakfast, warm lunch and warm dinner, and subjects were identified with the help of the questionnaire. Meals and snacks were defined according to the respondents subjective criteria. Forty-four percent of all respondents followed the conventional meal pattern. Meal pattern has no effect on nutrient intake in men and small effects in women. Women following the conventional meal pattern had higher energy and cholesterol intake and lower alcohol and vitamin C intake than other women. Meals contributed to energy, protein and fat intake, and snacks to sugar and alcohol. Meal pattern had only a small effect on diet and conventional meal pattern cannot be considered healthier than other meal patterns.
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Time-of-day definitions were also common, as well as a combination of two definitions.
“Time-of-day definitions were also common( 35 , 36 , 64 , 67 , 72 , 76 ) as well as a combination of two definitions (for example, self-identified and time-of-day, or time-of-day and type/combination of foods eaten)( 30 , 65 , 68 , 73 , 81 ).”
From Understanding meal patterns: definitions, methodology and impact on nutrient intake and diet quality (2015) · cites this paper as [65]
Only thirteen of these studies examined more than one micronutrient.
“However, only thirteen of these examined more than one micronutrient( 23 , 30 , 46 , 47 , 52 , 64 – 71 ).”
From Understanding meal patterns: definitions, methodology and impact on nutrient intake and diet quality (2015) · cites this paper as [65]
Roos & Prättälä found that, per unit of energy, meals contributed more fibre and carotenoids but less sugar, vitamin C and alcohol than snacks.
“Roos & Prättälä( 65 ) examined the impact of adherence to a conventional Finnish meal pattern (breakfast, warm lunch and warm dinner plus two snacks) among 1861 adults aged 25–64 years and found, per unit of energy, that meals contributed more fibre and carotenoids but less sugar, vitamin C and alcohol than snacks.”
From Understanding meal patterns: definitions, methodology and impact on nutrient intake and diet quality (2015) · cites this paper as [65]
The finding that meals contributed more fibre and carotenoids but less sugar, vitamin C and alcohol than snacks remained consistent across sex and after adjustment for age and region.
“This finding remained consistent across sex and after adjustment for age and region.”
From Understanding meal patterns: definitions, methodology and impact on nutrient intake and diet quality (2015) · cites this paper as [65]
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Understanding meal patterns: definitions, methodology and impact on nutrient intake and diet quality
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“Among adult Finns more than half of them consumed only one or two meals [5].”
Background
- Authors
- ROOS, E., & PRÄTTÄLÄ, R.
- ORCID
- ROOS, EVA
- Venue
- Appetite
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 1997-08
- Volume
- 29
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 11-24
- ISSN
- 0195-6663 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2021492973
- Cited by
- 42
- References
- 28
- Citations by year
- 2025: 1 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 2
- FWCI
- 1.89
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Appetite (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- STM:n Hallinnonalan avoin julkaisuarkisto (Julkari) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Nutrition, Health and Food Behavior
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Nutritional Studies and Diet
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Dietary Effects on Health
- Keywords
- meal patterns, nutrient intake, snacks, eating occasions, breakfast, dietary guidelines, energy intake, cholesterol intake, alcohol consumption, vitamin C intake, sugar consumption, protein intake, dietary fat intake, sex differences, adults, Finnish adults
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Diet, Female, Finland, Food Preferences, Humans, Male, Nutrition Surveys, Nutritional Requirements
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