Studies on the Attenuation Phenotype of Polio Vaccines: Poliovirus RNA Polymerase Derived from Sabin Type 1 Sequence Is Temperature Sensitive in the Uridylylation of VPg
Open accessAbstract
Determinants of temperature sensitivity and/or attenuation in Sabin type 1 poliovirus reside in the 5' NTR and coding sequences of the capsid proteins and viral RNA polymerase, 3D(pol). Previous studies have implicated at least two mutations in 3D(pol) of Sabin 1 vaccine strain [PV1(S)], including a Y73H change, as contributing to these phenotypes. We have used an in vitro assay to test the first step in RNA synthesis, the uridylylation of the terminal protein VPg with 3D(pol) isolated from PV1(S). Wt and two mutant 3D(pol) proteins (Y73H, D53N/Y73H) were expressed in Escherichia coli and were purified, and their activities were measured in the synthesis of VPgpU(pU) and of VPg-linked poly(U) at 30 and 39.5 degrees C. Our results show that at 39.5 degrees C the Y73H mutation leads to a defect in the synthesis of VPgpUp(U) and of VPg-poly(U) but not in the elongation of a (dT)(15) primer. The double mutant protein had the same activities as Y73H 3D(pol). Using the yeast two-hybrid assay, we detected a reduced interaction between 3D(pol) molecules carrying either the single or double mutations. Tyrosine-73 maps to the finger domain in the three-dimensional structure of 3D(pol). A model will be presented in which a change of Y73 to H73 may interfere with an interaction between two polymerase molecules that, in turn, may interfere with VPg uridylylation. Alternative explanations, however, cannot be excluded at the present time.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Sabin and other developers of OPV strains struck a balance between low neuropathogenicity, good immunogenicity, and acceptable levels of genetic stability.
“Sabin and other developers of OPV strains struck a balance between low neuropathogenicity, good immunogenicity, and acceptable levels of genetic stability (150).”
From VACCINE-DERIVED POLIOVIRUSES AND THE ENDGAME STRATEGY FOR GLOBAL POLIO ERADICATION (2005) · cites this paper as [150]
Cites
A novel genetic system to detect protein–protein interactions
Fields, S., & Song, O.-K. (1989) · Nature · doi:10.1038/340245a0 · Cited by 6,152 · see citing works
Primary structure, gene organization and polypeptide expression of poliovirus RNA
Kitamura, N., Semler, B. L., Rothberg, P. G., Larsen, G. R., Adler, C. J., Dorner, A. J., Emini, E. A., Hanecak, R., Lee, J. J., van der Werf, S., et al. (1981) · Nature · doi:10.1038/291547a0 · Cited by 914 · see citing works
Self-citationThe phylogeny of RNA-dependent RNA polymerases of positive-strand RNA viruses
Koonin, E. V. (1991) · Journal of General Virology · doi:10.1099/0022-1317-72-9-2197 · Cited by 891 · see citing works
A eukaryotic transcriptional activator bearing the DNA specificity of a prokaryotic repressor
Brent, R., & Ptashne, M. (1985) · Cell · doi:10.1016/0092-8674(85)90246-6 · Cited by 695 · see citing works
Racaniello, V. R., & Baltimore, D. (1981) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.78.8.4887 · Cited by 555 · see citing works
Wimmer, E., Hellen, C. U. T., & Cao, X. (1993) · Annual Review of Genetics · doi:10.1146/annurev.ge.27.120193.002033 · Cited by 554 · see citing works
Self-citationOrigin and Evolution of Viruses
Holland, J. J., & Domingo, E. (1998) · Virus Genes · doi:10.1023/a:1007989407305 · Cited by 524 · see citing works
Poliovirus RNA synthesis utilizes an RNP complex formed around the 5′‐end of viral RNA.
Andino, R., Rieckhof, G. E., Achacoso, P. L., & Baltimore, D. (1993) · The EMBO Journal · doi:10.1002/j.1460-2075.1993.tb06032.x · Cited by 494 · see citing works
Structure of the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase of poliovirus
Hansen, J. L., Long, A., & Schultz, S. C. (1997) · Structure · doi:10.1016/s0969-2126(97)00261-x · Cited by 457 · see citing works
Self-citationA protein covalently linked to poliovirus genome RNA.
Lee, Y. F., Nomoto, A., Detjen, B. M., & Wimmer, E. (1977) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.74.1.59 · Cited by 433 · see citing works
Self-citationUsing the two-hybrid system to detect protein-protein interactions
Bartel, P. L., Chien, C., Sternglanz, R., & Fields, S. (1993) · doi:10.1093/oso/9780199633913.003.0007 · Cited by 429 · see citing works
Protein-primed RNA synthesis by purified poliovirus RNA polymerase
Paul, A. V., BOOM, J. H. V., Filippov, D. V., & Wimmer, E. (1998) · Nature · doi:10.1038/30529 · Cited by 389 · see citing works
Self-citationCellular interactions in development : a practical approach
Hartley, D. A. (1993) · Oxford University Press eBooks · Cited by 378 · see citing works
Cell-Free, De Novo Synthesis of Poliovirus
Molla, A., Paul, A. V., & Wimmer, E. (1991) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1661029 · Cited by 373 · see citing works
Self-citationSynthesis of infectious poliovirus RNA by purified T7 RNA polymerase.
van der Werf, S., Bradley, J., Wimmer, E., Studier, F. W., & Dunn, J. J. (1986) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.83.8.2330 · Cited by 337 · see citing works
Self-citationGromeier, M., Alexander, L., & Wimmer, E. (1996) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.93.6.2370 · Cited by 330 · see citing works
Self-citationProtein 3CD is the major poliovirus proteinase responsible for cleavage of the p1 capsid precursor
Ypma-Wong, M. F., Dewalt, P. G., Johnson, V. H., Lamb, J. G., & Semler, B. L. (1988) · Virology · doi:10.1016/0042-6822(88)90172-9 · Cited by 326 · see citing works
Complete nucleotide sequence of the attenuated poliovirus Sabin 1 strain genome.
Nomoto, A., Omata, T., Toyoda, H., Kuge, S., Horie, H., Kataoka, Y., Genba, Y., Nakano, Y., & Imura, N. (1982) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.79.19.5793 · Cited by 308 · see citing works
Transgenic mice susceptible to poliovirus.
Koike, S., Taya, C., Kurata, T., Abe, S., Ise, I., Yonekawa, H., & Nomoto, A. (1991) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.88.3.951 · Cited by 294 · see citing works
Harris, K. S., Xiang, W., Alexander, L. R., Lane, W. S., Paul, A. V., & Wimmer, E. (1994) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1016/s0021-9258(18)47118-9 · Cited by 256 · see citing works
Self-citationO4-(5'-uridylyl)tyrosine is the bond between the genome-linked protein and the RNA of poliovirus.
Rothberg, P. G., Harris, T., Nomoto, A., & Wimmer, E. (1978) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.75.10.4868 · Cited by 249 · see citing works
Self-citationProtein is linked to the 5' end of poliovirus RNA by a phosphodiester linkage to tyrosine
Ambros, V., & Baltimore, D. (1978) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1016/s0021-9258(17)30361-7 · Cited by 244 · see citing works
Polyadenylic Acid at the 3′-Terminus of Poliovirus RNA
Yogo, Y., & Wimmer, E. (1972) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.69.7.1877 · Cited by 234 · see citing works
Self-citationKawamura, N., Kohara, M., Abe, S., Komatsu, T., Tago, K., Arita, M., & Nomoto, A. (1989) · Journal of Virology · doi:10.1128/jvi.63.3.1302-1309.1989 · Cited by 232 · see citing works
Genetic analysis of the attenuation phenotype of poliovirus type 1
Omata, T., Kohara, M., Kuge, S., Komatsu, T., Abe, S., Semler, B. L., Kameda, A., Itoh, H., Arita, M., & Wimmer, E. (1986) · Journal of Virology · doi:10.1128/jvi.58.2.348-358.1986 · Cited by 190 · see citing works
Self-citationPoliovirus-specific primer-dependent RNA polymerase able to copy poly(A).
Flanegan, J. B., & Baltimore, D. (1977) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.74.9.3677 · Cited by 179 · see citing works
PROPERTIES AND BEHAVIOR OF ORALLY ADMINISTERED ATTENUATED POLIOVIRUS VACCINE
Sabin, A. B. (1957) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.1957.62980110008008 · Cited by 172 · see citing works
FACTORS INFLUENCING THE EVOLUTION OF VIRAL DISEASES AT THE CELLULAR LEVEL AND IN THE ORGANISM
Lwoff, A. M. (1959) · Bacteriological Reviews · doi:10.1128/br.23.3.109-124.1959 · Cited by 160 · see citing works
Origin and Evolution of Viruses
(1999) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-220360-2.x5000-4 · Cited by 155 · see citing works
Semler, B. L., Anderson, C. W., Hanecak, R., Dorner, L. F., & Wimmer, E. (1982) · Cell · doi:10.1016/0092-8674(82)90358-0 · Cited by 147 · see citing works
Self-citationDeterminants of attenuation and temperature sensitivity in the type 1 poliovirus Sabin vaccine
Bouchard, M. J., Lam, D. H., & Racaniello, V. R. (1995) · Journal of Virology · doi:10.1128/jvi.69.8.4972-4978.1995 · Cited by 140 · see citing works
Xiang, W., Cuconati, A., Hope, D. A., Kirkegaard, K., & Wimmer, E. (1998) · Journal of Virology · doi:10.1128/jvi.72.8.6732-6741.1998 · Cited by 130 · see citing works
Self-citationFunctional oligomerization of poliovirus RNA-dependent RNA polymerase.
Pata, J. D., Schultz, S. C., & Kirkegaard, K. (1995) · Europe PMC (PubMed Central) · Cited by 129 · see citing works
Self-citationBellmunt, A., May, G., Zell, R., Pring-Åkerblom, P., Verhagen, W., & Heim, A. (1999) · Virology · doi:10.1006/viro.1999.0003 · Cited by 128 · see citing works
Genetic dissection of interaction between poliovirus 3D polymerase and viral protein 3AB
Hope, D. A., Diamond, S. E., & Kirkegaard, K. (1997) · Journal of Virology · doi:10.1128/jvi.71.12.9490-9498.1997 · Cited by 115 · see citing works
Mechanism of Injury-Provoked Poliomyelitis
Gromeier, M., & Wimmer, E. (1998) · Journal of Virology · doi:10.1128/jvi.72.6.5056-5060.1998 · Cited by 110 · see citing works
Self-citationChristodoulou, C., Colbère-Garapin, F., Macadam, A. J., Taffs, L. F., Marsden, S. A., Minor, P. D., & Horaud, F. (1990) · Journal of Virology · doi:10.1128/jvi.64.10.4922-4929.1990 · Cited by 106 · see citing works
Poliovirus RNA-dependent RNA Polymerase (3Dpol) Is Sufficient for Template Switchingin Vitro
Arnold, J. J., & Cameron, C. E. (1999) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.274.5.2706 · Cited by 106 · see citing works
Horie, H., Koike, S., Kurata, T., Sato-Yoshida, Y., Ise, I., Ota, Y., Abe, S., Hioki, K., Kato, H., & Taya, C. (1994) · Journal of Virology · doi:10.1128/jvi.68.2.681-688.1994 · Cited by 96 · see citing works
RNA duplex unwinding activity of poliovirus RNA-dependent RNA polymerase 3Dpol
Cho, M. W., Richards, O. C., Dmitrieva, T. M., Agol, V. I., & Ehrenfeld, E. (1993) · Journal of Virology · doi:10.1128/jvi.67.6.3010-3018.1993 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
Analysis of RNA synthesis of type 1 poliovirus by using an in vitro molecular genetic approach
Toyoda, H., Yang, C. F., Takeda, N., Nomoto, A., & Wimmer, E. (1987) · Journal of Virology · doi:10.1128/jvi.61.9.2816-2822.1987 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
Self-citationGenetics, Pathogenesis and Evolution of Picornaviruses
Gromeier, M., Wimmer, E., & Gorbalenya, A. E. (1999) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-012220360-2/50013-1 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
Self-citationRole of mutations G-480 and C-6203 in the attenuation phenotype of Sabin type 1 poliovirus
McGoldrick, A., Macadam, A. J., Dunn, G., Rowe, A., Burlison, J., Minor, P. D., Meredith, J. M., Evans, D. J., & Almond, J. W. (1995) · Journal of Virology · doi:10.1128/jvi.69.12.7601-7605.1995 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
A mutation in the RNA polymerase of poliovirus type 1 contributes to attenuation in mice
Tardy-Panit, M., Blondel, B., Martin, A., Tekaia, F., Horaud, F., & Delpeyroux, F. (1993) · Journal of Virology · doi:10.1128/jvi.67.8.4630-4638.1993 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Blinzinger, K., Šimon, J., Magrath, D. I., & Boulger, L. R. (1969) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.163.3873.1336 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Genetic variation of the poliovirus genome with two VPg coding units.
Cao, X., & Wimmer, E. (1996) · The EMBO Journal · doi:10.1002/j.1460-2075.1996.tb00330.x · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Self-citationSolid-phase synthesis of an RNA nucleopeptide fragment from the nucleoprotein of poliovirus
Dreef-Tromp, C. M., van den Elst, H., van den Boogaart, J. E., MAREL, G. A. V. D., & BOOM, J. H. V. (1992) · Nucleic Acids Research · doi:10.1093/nar/20.10.2435 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Gromeier, M., Lu, H.-H., & Wimmer, E. (1995) · Microbial Pathogenesis · doi:10.1016/s0882-4010(05)80002-6 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Self-citationSynthesis of a nucleopeptide fragment from poliovirus genome
Filippov, D. V., Kuyl‐Yeheskiely, E., van der MAREL, G. A., TESSER, G. I., & BOOM, J. H. V. (1998) · Tetrahedron Letters · doi:10.1016/s0040-4039(98)00558-9 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Barton, D. J., MORASCO, B. J., Eisner-Smerage, L., COLLIS, P. S., Diamond, S. E., Hewlett, M. J., MERCHANT, M. A., O'Donnell, B. J., & Flanegan, J. B. (1996) · Virology · doi:10.1006/viro.1996.0140 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Baker, S. C., Richards, O. C., & Ehrenfeld, E. (1995) · Journal of General Virology · doi:10.1099/0022-1317-76-8-2081 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
1 of the 52 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
VACCINE-DERIVED POLIOVIRUSES AND THE ENDGAME STRATEGY FOR GLOBAL POLIO ERADICATION
Kew, O. M., Sutter, R. W., de Gourville, E. M., Dowdle, W. R., & Pallansch, M. A. (2005) · Annual Review of Microbiology · doi:10.1146/annurev.micro.58.030603.123625 · Cited by 703 · see citing works
Paul, A. V., Rieder, E. A., Kim, D. W., BOOM, J. H. V., & Wimmer, E. (2000) · Journal of Virology · doi:10.1128/jvi.74.22.10359-10370.2000 · Cited by 289 · see citing works
Self-citationSutter, R. W., Kew, O. M., & Cochi, S. L. (2008) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-1-4160-3611-1.50030-1 · Cited by 167 · see citing works
Rieder, E. A., Paul, A. V., Kim, D. W., BOOM, J. H. V., & Wimmer, E. (2000) · Journal of Virology · doi:10.1128/jvi.74.22.10371-10380.2000 · Cited by 167 · see citing works
Self-citationVisualization and Functional Analysis of RNA-Dependent RNA Polymerase Lattices
Lyle, J. M., Bullitt, E., Bienz, K., & Kirkegaard, K. (2002) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1070585 · Cited by 162 · see citing works
Temperature-sensitive mutants of enterovirus 71 show attenuation in cynomolgus monkeys
Arita, M., Shimizu, H., Nagata, N., Ami, Y., Suzaki, Y., Sata, T., Iwasaki, T., & Miyamura, T. (2005) · Journal of General Virology · doi:10.1099/vir.0.80784-0 · Cited by 155 · see citing works
Genetic evolution of enterovirus 71: epidemiological and pathological implications
Bible, J. M., Pantelidis, P., Chan, P. K. S., & Tong, C. Y. W. (2007) · Reviews in Medical Virology · doi:10.1002/rmv.538 · Cited by 144 · see citing works
Poliovirus and poliomyelitis: A tale of guts, brains, and an accidental event
Mueller, S., Wimmer, E., & Cello, J. (2005) · Virus Research · doi:10.1016/j.virusres.2005.04.008 · Cited by 133 · see citing works
Self-citationMerrill, M. K., & Gromeier, M. (2006) · Journal of Virology · doi:10.1128/jvi.00243-06 · Cited by 107 · see citing works
Yang, C.-F., Chen, H., Jorba, J. C., Sun, H.-C., Yang, S.-J., Lee, H.-C., Huang, Y., Lin, T., Chen, P., Shimizu, H., et al. (2005) · Journal of Virology · doi:10.1128/jvi.79.20.12623-12634.2005 · Cited by 104 · see citing works
Arita, M., Ami, Y., Wakita, T., & Shimizu, H. (2007) · Journal of Virology · doi:10.1128/jvi.01798-07 · Cited by 104 · see citing works
Epidemics to eradication: the modern history of poliomyelitis
Jesus, N. H. D. (2007) · Virology Journal · doi:10.1186/1743-422x-4-70 · Cited by 104 · see citing works
Possible Unifying Mechanism of Picornavirus Genome Replication
Paul, A. V. (2014) · ASM Press eBooks · doi:10.1128/9781555817916.ch19 · Cited by 97 · see citing works
Self-citationPaul, A. V., Peters, J., Mugavero, J., Yin, J., BOOM, J. H. V., & Wimmer, E. (2002) · Journal of Virology · doi:10.1128/jvi.77.2.891-904.2003 · Cited by 94 · see citing works
Self-citationDobrikova, E. Y., Broadt, T. L., Poiley-Nelson, J., Yang, X., Soman, G., Giardina, S. L., Harris, R., & Gromeier, M. (2008) · Molecular Therapy · doi:10.1038/mt.2008.184 · Cited by 85 · see citing works
Asymptomatic circulation of HEV71 in Norway
Witsø, E., Palacios, G. F., Rønningen, K. S., Cinek, O., Janowitz, D., Rewers, M., Grinde, B., & Lipkin, W. I. (2006) · Virus Research · doi:10.1016/j.virusres.2006.07.015 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Mechanisms of genetic variation in polioviruses
Savolainen‐Kopra, C., & Blomqvist, S. (2010) · Reviews in Medical Virology · doi:10.1002/rmv.663 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Genetic Determinants of Cell Type-Specific Poliovirus Propagation in HEK 293 Cells
Campbell, S. A., Lin, J., Dobrikova, E. Y., & Gromeier, M. (2005) · Journal of Virology · doi:10.1128/jvi.79.10.6281-6290.2005 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Shahmahmoodi, S., Parvaneh, N., Burns, C. C., Asghar, H., Mamishi, S., Tabatabaie, H., Chen, Q., Teimourian, S., Gooya, M. M., Esteghamati, A., et al. (2008) · Virus Research · doi:10.1016/j.virusres.2008.07.006 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Complete protein linkage map between the P2 and P3 non-structural proteins of poliovirus
Yin, J., Liu, Y., Wimmer, E., & Paul, A. V. (2007) · Journal of General Virology · doi:10.1099/vir.0.82795-0 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Self-citationStadnick, E., Dan, M., Sadeghi, A. M. M., & Chantler, J. K. (2004) · Journal of Virology · doi:10.1128/jvi.78.24.13987-14002.2004 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Liu, X., Yang, X., Lee, C. A., Moustafa, I. M., Smidansky, E. D., Lum, D., Arnold, J. J., Cameron, C. E., & Boehr, D. D. (2013) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m113.484428 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Proteins attached to viral genomes are multifunctional
Sadowy, E., Miłner, M., & Haenni, A. (2001) · Advances in virus research · doi:10.1016/s0065-3527(01)57004-9 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Sanders, B. P., Oakes, I. D. L. R., van Hoek, V., Bockstal, V., Kamphuis, T., Uil, T. G., Song, Y., Cooper, G., Crawt, L., Martín, J. E.-S., et al. (2016) · PLoS Pathogens · doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1005483 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Self-citationCello, J., Toyoda, H., DeJesus, N., Dobrikova, E. Y., Gromeier, M., & Wimmer, E. (2007) · Journal of Medical Virology · doi:10.1002/jmv.21063 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Self-citationDeterminants of Poliovirus Pathogenesis
Gromeier, M., & Nomoto, A. (2014) · Molecular Biology of Picornavirus · doi:10.1128/9781555817916.ch29 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Sutter, R. W., Kew, O. M., Cochi, S. L., & Aylward, R. B. (2017) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-35761-6.00048-1 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Interstitial Contacts in an RNA-Dependent RNA Polymerase Lattice
Tellez, A. B., Wang, J., Tanner, E. J., Spagnolo, J. F., Kirkegaard, K., & Bullitt, E. (2011) · Journal of Molecular Biology · doi:10.1016/j.jmb.2011.07.053 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Mechanisms Controlling Virulence Thresholds of Mixed Viral Populations
Lancaster, K. Z., & Pfeiffer, J. K. (2011) · Journal of Virology · doi:10.1128/jvi.00355-11 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Poliovirus RNA-Dependent RNA Polymerase (3Dpol): Structure, Function, and Mechanism
Cameron, C. E., Gohara, D. W., & Arnold, J. J. (2014) · ASM Press eBooks · doi:10.1128/9781555817916.ch21 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Stauft, C. B., Shen, S. H., Song, Y., Gorbatsevych, O., Asare, E., Futcher, B., Mueller, S., Payne, A. F., Brecher, M. B., Kramer, L. D., et al. (2018) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0198303 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Self-citationHuang, K., Zhang, Y., Song, Y., Cui, H., Yan, D., Zhu, S., Sun, Q., Tang, H., Wang, D., & Xu, W. (2018) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-018-28469-9 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Characterization of susceptibility variants of poliovirus grown in the presence of favipiravir
Daikoku, T., Mizuguchi, M., Obita, T., Yokoyama, T., Yoshida, Y., Takemoto, M., & Shiraki, K. (2017) · Journal of Microbiology Immunology and Infection · doi:10.1016/j.jmii.2017.03.004 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Kew, O. M. (2014) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4899-7448-8_13 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Genome Replication II: the Process
Kirkegaard, K., & Semler, B. L. (2014) · ASM Press eBooks · doi:10.1128/9781555816698.ch8 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Nucleobase but not Sugar Fidelity is Maintained in the Sabin I RNA-Dependent RNA Polymerase
Liu, X., Musser, D. M., Lee, C., Yang, X., Arnold, J., Cameron, C. E., & Boehr, D. D. (2015) · Viruses · doi:10.3390/v7102894 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Raharinantoanina, J., Joffret, M., Bessaud, M., Rakoto, D. A. D., Dussart, P., Lacoste, V., & Razafindratsimandresy, R. (2024) · Virology · doi:10.1016/j.virol.2024.110253 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Fan, Q., Ma, J., Li, X., Jorba, J. C., Yuan, F., Zhu, H., Hu, L., Song, Y., Wang, D., Zhu, S., et al. (2022) · Journal of Medical Virology · doi:10.1002/jmv.28215 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Estívariz, C. F., Burns, C. C., & Macklin, G. (2023) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-79058-1.00050-5 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Molecular Analysis of Enterovirus C Species Using the 5’ Untranslated Region and VP1 Region
Zhou, F. (2015) · Journal of Human Virology & Retrovirology · doi:10.15406/jhvrv.2015.02.00038 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Chesnais, M., Bujáki, E., Filhol, T., Caval, V., Joffret, M., Martín, J. E.-S., Jouvenet, N., & Bessaud, M. (2024) · Virus Evolution · doi:10.1093/ve/veae063 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Lin, J., Zhou, L., Zhu, C., Wei, J., Lv, B., Si, Y., Zhu, S., Ji, T., Wang, D., Yang, Q., et al. (2025) · Microbiology Spectrum · doi:10.1128/spectrum.01334-25 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Polioviruses and the Endgame Strategy for Global Polio Eradication
Kew, O. M., Sutter, R. W., de Gourville, E. M., Dowdle, W. R., & Pallansch, M. A. (2005)
Yee, I. P. T. (2015) · Sunway Institutional Repository (Sunway University)
Zhang, W. Y., Yan, D., Zeng, H., Zhou, L., Zheng, H., Zhu, S., Zhang, Y., & Li, B. (2025) · Virology Journal · doi:10.1186/s12985-025-02827-2
Temperature-Dependent Viral Pathogenicity: Implications for Attenuation of Viral Vaccines
Shiraki, K., Kawana, T., & Whitley, R. J. (2025) · Viruses · doi:10.3390/v18010048
- Authors
- Paul, A. V., Mugavero, J., Yin, J., Hobson, S., Schultz, S., van Boom, J. H., & Wimmer, E.
- Affiliations
- Stony Brook University (US)
- University of Colorado Boulder (US)
- ORCID
- Wimmer, Eckard
- Venue
- Virology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2000-06
- Volume
- 272
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 72-84
- ISSN
- 0042-6822 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1970725479
- Cited by
- 48
- References
- 52
- Citations by year
- 2025: 3 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 1 · 2020: 1 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 1 · 2015: 3 · 2014: 5 · 2013: 1 · 2012: 1
- FWCI
- 1.24
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Virology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (R01 AI-15122, R01AI015122)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Viral Infections and Immunology Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Virology and Viral Diseases
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Evolution and Genetic Dynamics
- Keywords
- temperature sensitivity, viral RNA polymerase, 3D polymerase, finger domain
- MeSH terms
- Amino Acid Sequence, HeLa Cells, Humans, Hydrogen Bonding, Models, Molecular, Molecular Sequence Data, Mutation, Phenotype, Viral Plaque Assay, Poliovirus Vaccine, Oral, Poly U, Protein Binding, Protein Conformation, DNA-Directed RNA Polymerases, RNA-Dependent RNA Polymerase, RNA, Messenger, RNA, Viral, Temperature, Transcription, Genetic, Protein Biosynthesis, Vaccines, Attenuated, Viral Core Proteins, Poliovirus, Amino Acid Substitution, Two-Hybrid System Techniques
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
