Limitations of Student Control: Do Students Know when They Need Help?
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Some students tend to immediately request bottom-out hints, resulting in less learning.
“While hints are generally effective, some students tend to immediately request bottom-out hints, resulting in less learning (Mathews et al., 2008; Aleven and Koedinger, 2000).”
From Assessing the Impact and Underlying Pathways of Sequenced AI feedback on Student Learning (2026) · cites this paper as Aleven and Koedinger, 2000
The standard hints design principle in ITS consists of three levels of increasing specificity: pointing hint, teaching hint, bottom-out hint.
“According to the standard hints design principle in ITS (VanLehn, 2006), the hint sequence consists of three levels of increasing specificity: 1) Pointing Hint: Directs the student's attention to a specific error or location without revealing the solution (Hume et al., 1996). 2) Teaching Hint: Provides the domain principle or rule required to solve the step (Hume et al., 1996). 3) Bottom-Out Hint:”
From Assessing the Impact and Underlying Pathways of Sequenced AI feedback on Student Learning (2026) · cites this paper as Aleven and Koedinger, 2000
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- Authors
- Aleven, V., & Koedinger, K. R.
- Affiliations
- Carnegie Mellon University (US)
- Venue
- Lecture Notes in Computer Science
- Publisher
- Springer Berlin Heidelberg
- Published
- 2000
- Pages
- 292-303
- ISSN
- 0302-9743 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2139891935
- Semantic Scholar
- 097fcee1a910a91549bd22fecd14b684e24776e5
- Cited by
- 236
- References
- 14
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 15 · 2023: 12 · 2022: 12 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 11 · 2017: 12 · 2016: 12 · 2015: 9 · 2014: 10 · 2013: 15 · 2012: 10
- FWCI
- 3.31
- Type
- conference paper
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Lecture notes in computer science (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Artificial Intelligence › Intelligent Tutoring Systems and Adaptive Learning
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Innovative Teaching and Learning Methods
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Visual and Cognitive Learning Processes
- Keywords
- intelligent tutoring systems, learner control, metacognition, help-seeking strategies, cognitive tutors, production rules, metacognitive feedback
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