The DOI matches its Crossref record; 205 of the 208 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Piecing together the Puzzle of Basal Forebrain Anatomy
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“The extended amygdala comprises several basal forebrain structures, including the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST), central nucleus of the amygdala (CeA), sublenticular substantia innominata, and a transition zone in the shell of the NAc (Heimer and Alheid, 1991).”
From Drug Addiction: Hyperkatifeia/Negative Reinforcement as a Framework for Medications Development (2021) · cites this paper as Heimer and Alheid, 1991
In the citing paper
“The regions that comprise the extended amygdala have cytoarchitectural and circuitry similarities with each other (Heimer and Alheid, 1991).”
From Drug Addiction: Hyperkatifeia/Negative Reinforcement as a Framework for Medications Development (2021) · cites this paper as Heimer and Alheid, 1991
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Items 101–200 of 310
The neurobiology of addiction: an overview.
Roberts, A. J., & Koob, G. F. (1997) · PubMed Central · Cited by 109
Pandey, S. C. (2004) · Pharmacology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1016/j.pharmthera.2004.08.002 · Cited by 109
Pulvirenti, L., Berrier, R., Kreifeldt, M., & Koob, G. K. (1994) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/0006-8993(94)91977-1 · Cited by 110
Vilaró, M. T., Palacios, J. M., & Mengod, G. (1994) · Molecular Brain Research · doi:10.1016/0169-328x(94)90375-1 · Cited by 108
Yetnikoff, L., Cheng, A. Y., Lavezzi, H. N., Parsley, K. P., & Zahm, D. S. (2015) · Journal of Comparative Neurology · doi:10.1002/cne.23797 · Cited by 101
“Ventral striatopallidum, extended amygdala, and the septal-preoptic system (Alheid and Heimer, 1988; Heimer and Alheid, 1991; Heimer et al., 1991a, 2008; Zahm, 2006) all have specified, but also broadly overlapping, areas of termination within VP-LPO-LH (Heimer et al., 1991b; Zahm and Heimer, 1993;…”
BackgroundOpioid Modulation of Ventral Pallidal Inputs
Napier, T. C., & Mitrovic, I. (1999) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1999.tb09268.x · Cited by 106
Wood, R. I., & Coolen, L. M. (1997) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/s0306-4522(96)00629-x · Cited by 102
Chiamulera, C. (2004) · Brain Research Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.brainresrev.2004.08.005 · Cited by 110
Robledo, P., Robbins, T. W., & Everitt, B. J. (1996) · Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.1037//0735-7044.110.5.981 · Cited by 102
Charara, A., & Grace, A. A. (2003) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/sj.npp.1300220 · Cited by 101
“In turn, the NAc projects to areas involved in motor output such as the ventral pallidum, which influences several limbic-related thalamocortical circuits (Heimer and Alheid, 1991).”
BackgroundTopographical organization of projections from the entorhinal cortex to the striatum of the rat
Totterdell, S., & Meredith, G. E. (1997) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/s0306-4522(96)00592-1 · Cited by 104
Kelly, A., de Zubicaray, G. I., Martino, A. D., Copland, D. A., Reiss, P., Klein, D., Castellanos, F. X., Milham, M., & McMahon, K. (2009) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/s1053-8119(09)70601-9 · Cited by 100
Pralong, É. (2002) · Progress in Neurobiology · doi:10.1016/s0301-0082(02)00017-5 · Cited by 103
Alcohol, the reward system and dependence
Koob, G. F., Rassnick, S., Heinrichs, S. C., & Weiss, F. (1994) · Birkhäuser Basel eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-0348-7330-7_11 · Cited by 98
Impulsivity Derived From the Dark Side: Neurocircuits That Contribute to Negative Urgency
Zorrilla, E. P., & Koob, G. F. (2019) · Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnbeh.2019.00136 · Cited by 103
“The extended amygdala (Heimer and Alheid, 1991) may represent a common neuroanatomical substrate that integrates brain arousal-stress and hedonic processing systems to produce the proposed between-system adaptations.”
BackgroundInfluentialChen, S. A., O'Dell, L. E., Hoefer, M. E., Greenwell, T. N., Zorrilla, E. P., & Koob, G. F. (2006) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/sj.npp.1301008 · Cited by 97
“…the neurocircuitry of ‘the extended amygdala’, which refers to a basal forebrain macrostructure composed of the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, the central and medial amygdala, and a transition zone in the posterior medial part of the nucleus accumbens (eg, shell) (Heimer and Alheid, 1991).”
BackgroundHeimer, L., Hoesen, G. W. V., Trimble, M., & Zahm, D. S. (2007) · Cited by 93
Self-citationNeuropeptide modulation of central amygdala neuroplasticity is a key mediator of alcohol dependence
Gilpin, N. W., & Roberto, M. (2011) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2011.11.002 · Cited by 98
“In the context of drug addiction, the major constituents of the extended amygdala are the CeA, bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST), and the nucleus accumbens (NAc) shell (Heimer & Alheid, 1991).”
BackgroundThinking about Networks in the Control of Male Hamster Sexual Behavior
Wood, R. I. (1997) · Hormones and Behavior · doi:10.1006/hbeh.1997.1403 · Cited by 93
“Although BNST lies adjacent to MPOA, it is closely related to Me as part of the extendedto this view, odor and hormonal inputs converging in the MPOA trigger motor patterns of copulation, while amygdala (Heimer and Alheid, 1991).”
The Reinforcing Properties of Alcohol are Mediated by GABAA1 Receptors in the Ventral Pallidum
June, H. L., Foster, K. L., McKay, P. F., Seyoum, R., Woods, J. E., Harvey, S. C., Eiler, W. J. A., Grey, C., Carroll, M. R., McCane, S., et al. (2003) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/sj.npp.1300239 · Cited by 91
Anhedonia, Hyperkatifeia, and Negative Reinforcement in Substance Use Disorders
Koob, G. F. (2022) · Current topics in behavioral neurosciences · doi:10.1007/7854_2021_288 · Cited by 92
Martin-Soelch, C., Szczepanik, J., Nugent, A., Barhaghi, K., Rallis, D., Herscovitch, P., Carson, R. E., & Drevets, W. C. (2011) · European Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1111/j.1460-9568.2011.07642.x · Cited by 92
“…the nucleus accumbens shell implicated in reward learning are scattered through the accumbens area, ventromedial caudate and anteroventral putamen (Heimer & Alheid, 1991), and previous PET studies of amphetamine-induced DA release showed that euphoria correlated with DA release in both the…”
BackgroundDrug addiction: Functional neurotoxicity of the brain reward systems
Weiss, F., & Koob, G. F. (2001) · Neurotoxicity Research · doi:10.1007/bf03033235 · Cited by 86
“Originally described by Johnston (1923), the term "extended amygdala" represents a macrostructure that is composed of several basal forebrain structures: the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, the central medial amygdala, the area termed the sublenticular substantia innominata, and a transition area, the medial part…”
BackgroundChemical anatomy of the human ventral striatum and adjacent basal forebrain structures
Prensa, L., Richard, S., & Parent, A. (2003) · The Journal of Comparative Neurology · doi:10.1002/cne.10627 · Cited by 90
“…extends rostrocaudally from the BST to the centromedial nucleus of the amygdala (Johnston, 1923; de Olmos et al., 1985; Alheid and Heimer, 1988; Heimer and Alheid, 1991; Alheid et al., 1995) and has been implicated in a number of motivational behavioral processes (Davis and Shi, 1999; Koob,…”
BackgroundKuenzel, W. J., Medina, L. M., Csillag, A., Perkel, D. J., & Reiner, A. J. (2011) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2011.09.037 · Cited by 83
“…amygdala-BSTL complex projections involving neurons containing corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) are particularly important for expression of stress and anxiety, and for regulation of appetite (Heimer and Alheid, 1991; Clark and Kaiyala, 2003; Krogh et al., 2008; Gallagher et al., 2008).”
BackgroundSynaptic properties and postsynaptic opioid effects in rat central amygdala neurons
Zhu, W. J., & Pan, Z. Z. (2004) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2004.05.043 · Cited by 85
Holland, P. C. (1997) · Animal Learning & Behavior · doi:10.3758/bf03209846 · Cited by 81
“A variety of these systems, often assigned roles in arousal, vigilance, and attention, receive input from the amygdala CN (see, e.g., Grove, 1988; Heimer & Alheid, 1991; Price & Amaral, 1981).”
BackgroundKoob, G. F. (2011) · Focus · doi:10.1176/foc.9.1.foc55 · Cited by 79
Harris, G. C. M., & Aston‐Jones, G. (2006) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2006.10.012 · Cited by 79
“The extended amygdala includes the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST), central nucleus of the amygdala (CE) and select intervening areas that share similar cytoarchitecture and circuitry [28].”
Walker, J. R., Ahmed, S. H., Gracy, K. N., & Koob, G. F. (2000) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/s0006-8993(99)02288-x · Cited by 75
Zahm, D. S., Parsley, K. P., Schwartz, Z. M., & Cheng, A. Y. (2012) · The Journal of Comparative Neurology · doi:10.1002/cne.23157 · Cited by 76
“What may distinguish these two ventral striatal subterritories is reflected in the interdigitation of and transitional nature of boundaries between distinct basal forebrain functional-anatomical entities (Alheid and Heimer, 1988; Heimer et al., 1991a; Heimer and Alheid, 1991).”
BackgroundNeuronal pathways linking substance P to drug addiction and stress
Commons, K. G. (2009) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2009.11.014 · Cited by 73
“…nucleus accumbens (posterior shell) and major efferent targets of the extended amygdala particularly the ventral pallidum, lateral hypothalamus and cortex (De Vries and Shippenberg, 2002; Heimer and Alheid, 1991; Koob, 1999; McBride et al., 1999; Panagis et al., 1995; Shippenberg and Elmer, 1998).”
BackgroundZarrindast, M., Rezayof, A., Sahraei, H., Haeri-Rohani, A., & Rassouli, Y. (2003) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/s0006-8993(02)04201-4 · Cited by 76
Synaptic Zinc: An Emerging Player in Parkinson’s Disease
Sikora, J., & Ouagazzal, A. (2021) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms22094724 · Cited by 71
Morris, N. P., Harris, S. J., & Henderson, Z. (1999) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/s0306-4522(99)00026-3 · Cited by 73
Haass‐Koffler, C. L., & Bartlett, S. E. (2012) · Frontiers in Molecular Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnmol.2012.00091 · Cited by 74
“The NAcc receives input from Table 2 | Involvement of the CRF binding in addictive behaviors.”
BackgroundInfluentialPierce, R. C., Meil, W. M., & Kalivas, P. W. (1997) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/s002130050390 · Cited by 70
“The nucleus accumbens is divided into two substructures, the central region of the accumbens known as the core, which has been suggested to be a functional extension of the neostriatum, and the more medial and ventral shell, which represents a transition zone between the striatal complex and the extended amygdala (Hei…”
Savitz, J. B., Hodgkinson, C. A., Martin-Söelch, C., Shen, P., Szczepanik, J. E., Nugent, A. C., Herscovitch, P., Grace, A. A., Goldman, D. A., & Drevets, W. C. (2013) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0054108 · Cited by 71
“In primates the cells with histochemical and connectional features of the NAc shell implicated in reward learning are scattered through the accumbens area, ventromedial caudate, and anteroventral putamen [42], DRD3 Ser9Gly SNP Affects Reward Processing”
BackgroundChauvet, C., Lardeux, V., Jaber, M., & Solinas, M. (2011) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2011.03.068 · Cited by 68
“Among these structures activated and involved in the incubation of cocaine craving, an interesting pattern of activation found in our study, and not in the one of Miller and Marshall, is the activation of the CeA, the BNST, the NAC shell which are parts of the extended amygdala complex, a brain structure that plays a…”
Cohen, A., & George, O. (2013) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2013.00041 · Cited by 70
Maslowski, R. J., & Napier, T. C. (1994) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/0306-4522(94)90347-6 · Cited by 66
Zahm, D. S., Cheng, A. Y., Lee, T. J., Ghobadi, C. W., Schwartz, Z. M., Geisler, S., Parsely, K. P., Gruber, C., & Veh, R. W. (2011) · The Journal of Comparative Neurology · doi:10.1002/cne.22670 · Cited by 65
“Two divisions of the EA, central (EAc) and medial (EAm), have been described (de Olmos and Ingram, 1972; Alheid and Heimer, 1988; Heimer et al., 1991a; Heimer and Alheid, 1991; de Olmos and Heimer, 1999).”
BackgroundSchroeder, J. P., Olive, M. F., Koenig, H. N., & Hodge, C. W. (2003) · Alcoholism Clinical and Experimental Research · doi:10.1097/01.alc.0000098875.95923.69 · Cited by 62
Bockstaele, E. J. V., Sesack, S. R., & Pickel, V. M. (1994) · The Journal of Comparative Neurology · doi:10.1002/cne.903410102 · Cited by 59
Negative affect heightens opiate withdrawal-induced hyperalgesia in heroin dependent individuals
Carcoba, L. M., Contreras, A. E., Cepeda-Benito, A., & Meagher, M. W. (2011) · Journal of Addictive Diseases · doi:10.1080/10550887.2011.581985 · Cited by 52
Tools for Resolving Functional Activity and Connectivity within Intact Neural Circuits
Jennings, J. H., & Stuber, G. D. (2014) · Current Biology · doi:10.1016/j.cub.2013.11.042 · Cited by 54
“Integrating geneticand region-specific targeting strategies is a powerful way of acquiring cell-type and spatial resolution; however, neighboring brain regions can be similar in their cytoarchitecture, gene expression patterns, and connectivity [15], making it difficult to isolate the unique function of a region.”
BackgroundNeuroimaging of the dopamine/reward system in adolescent drug use
Ernst, M., & Luciana, M. M. (2015) · CNS Spectrums · doi:10.1017/s1092852915000395 · Cited by 59
“Analysis of whole-brain graymatter volume densities revealed greater densities in marijuana users in the left nucleus accumbens, extending to subcallosal regions, the hypothalamus, the extended amygdala, as well as in the left amygdala proper.(107) In the left nucleus accumbens, average volumewas also higher in users…”
BackgroundCorticotropin-Releasing Factor (CRF) and Addictive Behaviors
Roberto, M., Spierling, S. R., Kirson, D., & Zorrilla, E. P. (2017) · International review of neurobiology · doi:10.1016/bs.irn.2017.06.004 · Cited by 62
Jacobsen, K. X., Höistad, M., Staines, W. A., & Fuxé, K. (2006) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2006.05.054 · Cited by 56
The neural control of feeding in primates
Rolls, E. T. (1993) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-08-041988-6.50013-4 · Cited by 55
Functional anatomy of the basal ganglia: Limbic aspects
Buot, A., & Yelnik, J. (2012) · Revue Neurologique · doi:10.1016/j.neurol.2012.06.015 · Cited by 55
Drug addiction: An affective-cognitive disorder in need of a cure
Fattore, L., & Diana, M. (2016) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2016.04.006 · Cited by 58
The Evolution of Emotions in Humans: A Darwinian–Durkheimian Analysis
Turner, J. H. (1996) · Journal for the Theory of Social Behaviour · doi:10.1111/j.1468-5914.1996.tb00283.x · Cited by 57
Zorrilla, E. P., & Koob, G. F. (2012) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2012.11.019 · Cited by 59
“An extended amygdala basal forebrain macrostructure was originally suggested by Johnston (1923) and can be heuristically differentiated into central vs. medial divisions that differ in structure, connectivity, molecular content, and proposed functions (Alheid, 2003; Heimer and Alheid, 1991).”
BackgroundNeurobiology of alcohol seeking behavior
Domi, E., Domi, A., Adermark, L., Heilig, M. A., & Augier, E. (2021) · Journal of Neurochemistry · doi:10.1111/jnc.15343 · Cited by 53
“BNST is a major target of CeA projection neurons, about 80% of which are GABAergic (Gungor & Pare, 2016; Le Gal LaSalle et al., 1978; Weller & Smith, 1982).”
BackgroundInfluentialMitrovic, I., & Napier, T. C. (1998) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/s0006-8993(98)00130-9 · Cited by 51
Bajo, M., Madamba, S. G., Roberto, M., Blednov, Y. A., Sagi, V. N., Roberts, E., Rice, K. C., Harris, R. A., & Siggins, G. R. (2014) · Brain, Behavior, and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2014.03.007 · Cited by 49
Salinas, A. G., Wilde, J. D., & Maldve, R. E. (2006) · Journal of Neurochemistry · doi:10.1111/j.1471-4159.2006.03745.x · Cited by 49
Meléndez, R. I., Rodd, Z. A., McBride, W. J., & Murphy, J. M. (2002) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/sj.npp.1300081 · Cited by 49
“Also, the projections from the dSTR to the GP are paralleled by projections from the NAc to the VP (Heimer and Alheid, 1991).”
BackgroundDaunais, J. B., Letchworth, S. R., Sim‐Selley, L. J., Smith, H. R., Childers, S. R., & Porrino, L. J. (2001) · The Journal of Comparative Neurology · doi:10.1002/cne.1154 · Cited by 48
“Columns of cells have been shown to form bridges that connect these two brain regions in both rodent brain (De Olmos et al., 1985; Alheid and Heimer, 1988; Heimer and Alheid, 1991) and primate brain (Martin et al., 1991).”
BackgroundEmerging pharmacotherapies for alcohol use disorder
Mason, B. J. (2017) · Neuropharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2017.04.032 · Cited by 47
“The extended amygdala has been conceptualized to be composed of several basal forebrain structures, including the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST), central nucleus of the amygdala (CeA), sublenticular substantia innominata, and a transition zone in the medial part of the nucleus accumbens (NAc; e.g., shell;…”
BackgroundChapter 15 Somatosensory and visceral input to the hypothalamus and limbic system
Burstein, R. (1996) · Progress in brain research · doi:10.1016/s0079-6123(08)61869-5 · Cited by 46
Page, K. J., Potter, L., Aronni, S., Everitt, B. J., & Dunnett, S. B. (1998) · European Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1046/j.1460-9568.1998.00185.x · Cited by 45
Gieryk, A., Ziółkowska, B., Solecki, W., Kubik, J., & Przewłocki, R. (2009) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/s00213-009-1730-1 · Cited by 44
“Although the CeA is localized adjacent to the DS and shares neuronal phenotypical characteristics with the DS and NAc, it is considered as part of the extended amygdala, where also the shell of the NAc is usually assigned (Heimer and Alheid 1991).”
BackgroundRole of Nociceptin/Orphanin FQ-NOP Receptor System in the Regulation of Stress-Related Disorders
Ubaldi, M., Cannella, N., Borruto, A. M., Petrella, M., Bonaventura, M. V. M. D., Soverchia, L., Stopponi, S., Weiss, F., Cifani, C., & Ciccocioppo, R. (2021) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms222312956 · Cited by 41
“CRF and CRF1R are also expressed in the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST) and in the central nucleus of the amygdala (CeA) that together with the shell of NAc establish the extended amygdala [85], a crucial component of the extrahypothalamic brain stress system [86–88].”
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Zahm, D. S., Williams, E. A., Latimer, M. P., & Winn, P. (2001) · The Journal of Comparative Neurology · doi:10.1002/cne.1057 · Cited by 40
“In either case, it is critical that the highly differentiated internal organizations (Holstege et al., 1985; Price et al., 1987; Moga et al., 1989; Heimer and Alheid, 1991; Brog et al., 1993; Zahm et al., 1998; Gastard et al., 1999; Zahm, 2000), distinct pharmacologic responses (Caine et al., 1995;…”
BackgroundGene Expression Under the Influence: Transcriptional Profiling of Ethanol in the Brain
Contet, C. (2012) · Current Psychopharmacologye · doi:10.2174/2211556011201040301 · Cited by 40
“These regions include cerebellum and brainstem nuclei for the motor and autonomic effects of ethanol; ventral tegmental area, nucleus accumbens and central nucleus of the amygdala for the acute reinforcing effects of ethanol; central nucleus of the amygdala, bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, and nucleus accumbens s…”
BackgroundCell type-specific synaptic encoding of ethanol exposure in the nucleus accumbens shell
Jeanes, Z. M., Buske, T. R., & Morrisett, R. A. (2014) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2014.06.063 · Cited by 40
“…shell, bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, and central amygdala, are commonly referred to as a functional unit, called the extended amygdala complex (Hopkins and Holstege, 1978; Heimer and Alheid, 1991), which has been implicated in emotional processing of stimuli and drug addiction (Koob, 2013).”
BackgroundNúñez, C., Martín‐Sánchez, F., Földes, A., Laorden, M. L., Kovács, K., & Milanés, M. V. (2010) · Journal of Neurochemistry · doi:10.1111/j.1471-4159.2010.06765.x · Cited by 40
“(2010) 114, 475–487 structures, including the BNST, the CeA and the shell of the NAc (Heimer and Alheid 1991; Koob and Le Moal 2001), has been related to the behavioural and physiological responses associated with reward and stress (Koob 2008), whereas the hypothalamic stress system, centred by the…”
BackgroundDistribution of limbic system-associated membrane protein immunoreactivity in primate basal ganglia
Côté, P., Levitt, P. R., & Parent, A. (1995) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/0306-4522(95)00185-l · Cited by 40
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“However, the latter findings pointed out that activation of NAc was not enough for acute reinforcing effects (brain reward systems seem to have a multi-dimensional neuropharmacological basis, see a review in Koob, 1992) as 6-hydroxydopamine failed to block heroin or ethanol self-administration (Hnasko et al. ,2005; Ne…”
BackgroundInfluentialThe Corticotropin-Releasing Factor/Urocortin System and Alcohol
Ryabinin, A. E., Bachtell, R. K., Heinrichs, S. C., Lee, S., RIVIER, C. L., Olive, M. F., Mehmert, K. K., Camarini, R., Kim, J. A., Koenig, H. N., et al. (2002) · Alcoholism Clinical and Experimental Research · doi:10.1111/j.1530-0277.2002.tb02596.x · Cited by 36
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“A number of studies have reported that the NAc shell might be more specifically involved in “limbic” functions as opposed to the “motor” functions exertedmore prominently by the core (da Cunha et al., 2008; Heimer and Alheid, 1991; Zahm and Brog, 1992).”
BackgroundGastard, M. C., Jensen, S. L., Martin, J. R., Williams, E. A., & Zahm, D. S. (2002) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/s0006-8993(02)03513-8 · Cited by 35
Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Peptide (PACAP) Signaling and the Dark Side of Addiction
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“The BNST forms part of the anterior aspect of a continuum called the central extended amygdala (Alheid and Heimer 1988; Heimer and Alheid 1991; but see also Swanson and Petrovich 1998) that has been widely implicated in mediating behavioral responses to anxiety and stressor exposure in both…”
InfluentialCraving for Alcohol and Drugs in Animals and Humans
Miller, N. S., & Goldsmith, R. J. (2001) · Journal of Addictive Diseases · doi:10.1300/j069v20n03_08 · Cited by 33
The Pharmacotherapy of Alcohol Dependence: A State of the Art Review
Sousa, A. D. (2010) · Mens Sana monographs · doi:10.4103/0973-1229.58820 · Cited by 31
“It acts via reducing dopamine release in response to alcohol from the dopamine reward pathways in the ventral tegmental area and the nucleus accumbens (Gessa, et al., 1985; Heimer and Alheid, 1991; Benjamin, et al., 1993).”
BackgroundPimecrolimus cream 1% can be an effective treatment for seborrheic dermatitis of the face and trunk.
Rallis, E. A., Nasiopoulou, A., KOUSKOUKIS, C. E., & Koumantaki, E. (2004) · PubMed · Cited by 32
The Dopaminergic Projection System, Basal Forebrain Macrosystems, and Conditioned Stimuli
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Reduced Response to Reward in Smokers and Cannabis Users
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“These novel ‘functional–anatomical’ entities, founded on the basis of sound cytoarchitectural, histochemical, immunohistochemical and connectional criteria in rodents and primates (Heimer and Alheid 1991; Heimer et al. 1991, 1997, 1999; Alheid et al. 1995, 1998, 1999; Sakamoto et al. 1999), essentially usurped territo…”
Li, S., Dong, X., & Kirouac, G. J. (2021) · Brain Structure and Function · doi:10.1007/s00429-021-02289-6 · Cited by 28
“1995), brain regions that form an anatomical macrostructure referred to as the extended amygdala (Alheid et al. 1995; de Olmos et al. 2004; Heimer and Alheid 1991).”
BackgroundBajo, M., Madamba, S. G., Roberto, M., & Siggins, G. R. (2014) · Frontiers in Integrative Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnint.2014.00045 · Cited by 29
“INTRODUCTION The central nucleus of the amygdala (CeA) is a part of the neuroanatomical entity termed the extended amygdala that also includes the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST), and a transition zone in the medial (shell) subregion of the nucleus accumbens (Heimer and Alheid, 1991).”
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Neuroplasticity of the extended amygdala in opioid withdrawal and prolonged opioid abstinence
Kaplan, G. B., & Thompson, B. (2023) · Frontiers in Pharmacology · doi:10.3389/fphar.2023.1253736 · Cited by 26
“The concept of the extended amygdala, proposed by Alheid and Heimer (1988); Heimer and Alheid (1991), is supported by numerous neuroanatomical studies which highlight the structural symmetry, cytoarchitectural, and functional similarities between its component regions.”
BackgroundConnections of the basal telencephalic areas c and d in the turtle brain
Siemen, M., & K�nzle, H. (1994) · Anatomy and Embryology · doi:10.1007/bf00190590 · Cited by 25
Rostral-caudal differences in effects of nucleus accumbens amphetamine on VTA ICSS
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“It seems that this region of the forebrain can be divided into two compartments, referred to as 'core' and 'shell' based on the differential arrangement of intrinsic cells and afferent and efferent projections [24] [73].”
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Silvestri, A. J., & Kapp, B. S. (1998) · Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.1037//0735-7044.112.3.571 · Cited by 25
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Metadata
- Authors
- Heimer, L., & Alheid, G. F.
- Affiliations
- University of Virginia Health System (US)
- University of Virginia (US)
- Venue
- Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology
- Publisher
- Springer US
- Published
- 1991
- Volume
- 295
- Pages
- 1-42
- ISSN
- 0065-2598 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2230876051
- Cited by
- 310
- References
- 208
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 10 · 2020: 14 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 12 · 2014: 11 · 2013: 10 · 2012: 13
- FWCI
- 13.12
- Type
- book chapter
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Advances in experimental medicine and biology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health
- U.S. Public Health Service (17743)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory and Neural Mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Anatomy › Classical Anatomy and Histology
- Keywords
- basal forebrain, hypothalamus, limbic system, nucleus accumbens, olfactory tubercle, septum, diagonal band of Broca, bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, substantia innominata, olfactory cortex, hippocampus, amygdala, fornix, stria terminalis, medial forebrain bundle, fiber tracts
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Brain, Humans, Prosencephalon
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