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“The extended amygdala comprises several basal forebrain structures, including the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST), central nucleus of the amygdala (CeA), sublenticular substantia innominata, and a transition zone in the shell of the NAc (Heimer and Alheid, 1991).”
From Drug Addiction: Hyperkatifeia/Negative Reinforcement as a Framework for Medications Development (2021) · cites this paper as Heimer and Alheid, 1991
In the citing paper
“The regions that comprise the extended amygdala have cytoarchitectural and circuitry similarities with each other (Heimer and Alheid, 1991).”
From Drug Addiction: Hyperkatifeia/Negative Reinforcement as a Framework for Medications Development (2021) · cites this paper as Heimer and Alheid, 1991
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Koob, G. F., & Volkow, N. D. (2010) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/npp.2009.110 · Cited by 5,340
“Each of these regions has cytoarchitectural and circuitry similarities (Heimer and Alheid, 1991).”
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Haber, S. N., & Knutson, B. (2010) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/npp.2009.129 · Cited by 3,718
“The VS contains cell islands, including the islands of Calleja, which are thought to contain quiescent immature cells that remain in the adult brain (Bayer, 1985; Chronister et al , 1981; Meyer et al , 1989).”
BackgroundBardo, M. T., & Hammer, R. P. (1991) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/0306-4522(91)90226-e · Cited by 3,229
Drug abuse: hedonic homeostatic dysregulation
Koob, G. F., & Moal, M. L. (1997) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.278.5335.52 · Cited by 2,535
Neurobiology of emotion perception I: the neural basis of normal emotion perception
Phillips, M. L., Drevets, W. C., Rauch, S. L., & Lane, R. (2003) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s0006-3223(03)00168-9 · Cited by 2,173
“…as the nucleus accumbens, which lacks distinct microscopic and macroscopic borders with the anteroventral putamen and ventromedial caudate (Heimer and Alheid 1991), other areas of the ventral putamen, and the medial portion of the caudate head, which receive projections from the amygdala…”
BackgroundAddiction and the brain antireward system
Koob, G. F., & Le Moal, M. (2008) · Annual Review of Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev.psych.59.103006.093548 · Cited by 1,457
“…nucleus of the amygdala (CeA), but also the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST) and a transition zone in the medial subregion of the nucleus accumbens (shell of the nucleus accumbens), and these regions share certain cytoarchitectural and circuitry similarities (Heimer & Alheid 1991).”
BackgroundRegional cerebral blood flow throughout the sleep-wake cycle. An H2(15)O PET study
Braun, A. (1997) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/120.7.1173 · Cited by 1,268
Specificity in the projection patterns of accumbal core and shell in the rat
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Self-citationDrevets, W. C. (2001) · Current Opinion in Neurobiology · doi:10.1016/s0959-4388(00)00203-8 · Cited by 1,146
Functional connectivity of human striatum: a resting state FMRI study
Di Martino, A., Scheres, A., Margulies, D. S., Kelly, A. M. C., Uddin, L. Q., Shehzad, Z., Biswal, B., Walters, J. R., Castellanos, F. X., & Milham, M. P. (2008) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/bhn041 · Cited by 1,090
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“…is composed of several basal forebrain structures: the bed nucleus of the stria Neuron 59, July 10, 2008 ª2008 Elsevier Inc. 13 terminalis, the central medial amygdala, and a transition zone in the posterior part of the medial nucleus accumbens (i.e., posterior shell) (Heimer and Alheid, 1991).”
InfluentialOn the significance of subterritories in the “accumbens” part of the rat ventral striatum
Zahm, D. S., & Brog, J. S. (1992) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/0306-4522(92)90202-d · Cited by 1,040
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“Motor versus limbic subcircuits Figure 8 illustrates the circuit containing the nuclei examined in this study and highlights topographic organization according to associations with limbic or motor subcircuits (Heimer and Alheid, 1991; Mogenson et al., 1993).”
BackgroundNeurobiological similarities in depression and drug dependence: a self-medication hypothesis
Markou, A. (1998) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1016/s0893-133x(97)00113-9 · Cited by 767
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“…and connectivity and is composed of several basal forebrain structures: the BNST, the central and medial amygdala, the area termed the sublenticular substantia innominata, and a transition zone in the posterior medial part of the nucleus accumbens (e.g., shell) (Heimer and Alheid, 1991).”
BackgroundAmphetamine-induced dopamine release in human ventral striatum correlates with euphoria
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“In primates, these cells are scattered through the ventromedial caudate and anteroventral putamen (Gerfen et al 1985; Heimer et al 1991; Heimer and Alheid 1991).”
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Sarter, M. F., & Bruno, J. P. (1997) · Brain Research Reviews · doi:10.1016/s0165-0173(96)00009-4 · Cited by 675
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“The construct of the extended amygdala, which is thought to be a key target of ethanol action (248), relates to brain circuits that share some cytoarchitectural similarities (183) and are involved in mediating positive and negative reinforcement.”
BackgroundStrang, J., Volkow, N. D., Degenhardt, L., Hickman, M., Johnson, K., Koob, G. F., Marshall, B. D. L., Tyndall, M., & Walsh, S. L. (2020) · Nature Reviews Disease Primers · doi:10.1038/s41572-019-0137-5 · Cited by 639
Neurobiological mechanisms in the transition from drug use to drug dependence
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“The neuroanatomical entity termed the extended amygdala (Heimer and Alheid, 1991) may represent a common anatomical substrate integrating brain arousal-stress systems with hedonic processing systems to produce the between-system opponent process elaborated above.”
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“…conceptualized to be composed of several basal forebrain structures, including the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, central nucleus of the amygdala, sublenticular substantia innominata, and a transition zone in the medial part of the nucleus accumbens (e.g., shell; Heimer and Alheid, 1991).”
BackgroundInfluentialValjent, E., Pagès, C., Hervé, D., Girault, J., & Caboche, J. (2004) · European Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1111/j.1460-9568.2004.03278.x · Cited by 453
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Pacchetti, C., Mancini, F., Aglieri, R., Fundarò, C., Martignoni, E., & Nappi, G. (2000) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/00006842-200005000-00012 · Cited by 428
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“The neuroanatomical entity termed the extended amygdala [6] may thus represent a common anatomical substrate for acute drug reward and a common neuroanatomical substrate for the negative effects on reward function produced by stress that help drive compulsive drug administration.”
BackgroundAddiction is a Reward Deficit and Stress Surfeit Disorder
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Brain stress systems in the amygdala and addiction
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“…efferent connections from this complex include the posterior medial (sublenticular) ventral pallidum, ventral tegmental area, various brainstem projections, and perhaps most intriguing from a functional point of view, a considerable projection to the lateral hypothalamus (Heimer and Alheid, 1991).”
BackgroundFunctional–anatomical implications of the nucleus accumbens core and shell subterritories
ZAHM, D. S. (1999) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1999.tb09264.x · Cited by 384
Zahm, D. S., & Heimer, L. (1993) · The Journal of Comparative Neurology · doi:10.1002/cne.903270205 · Cited by 385
Self-citationAllostasis, amygdala, and anticipatory angst
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Breier, A. (1992) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1992.01820120009003 · Cited by 513
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Chapter 29 The nucleus accumbens: gateway for limbic structures to reach the motor system?
Groenewegen, H. J., Wright, C. I., & Beijer, A. V. J. (1996) · Progress in brain research · doi:10.1016/s0079-6123(08)61883-x · Cited by 344
Drug Addiction: Hyperkatifeia/Negative Reinforcement as a Framework for Medications Development
Koob, G. F. (2021) · Pharmacological Reviews · doi:10.1124/pharmrev.120.000083 · Cited by 337
“The regions that comprise the extended amygdala have cytoarchitectural and circuitry similarities with each other (Heimer and Alheid, 1991).”
BackgroundInfluentialExtended Amygdala and Basal Forebrain
Alheid, G. F. (2003) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2003.tb07082.x · Cited by 334
Self-citationHeterogeneity of Alcohol Use Disorder: Understanding Mechanisms to Advance Personalized Treatment
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Neurobiology of Addiction: Toward the Development of New Therapies
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GABAA receptor antagonism in the extended amygdala decreases ethanol self-administration in rats
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The role of mesolimbic dopamine in the development and maintenance of ethanol reinforcement
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The amygdala complex: multiple roles in associative learning and attention.
Gallagher, M., & Holland, P. C. (1994) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.91.25.11771 · Cited by 300
Kelly, C., de Zubicaray, G., Di Martino, A., Copland, D. A., Reiss, P. T., Klein, D. F., Castellanos, F. X., Milham, M. P., & McMahon, K. (2009) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.0810-09.2009 · Cited by 292
“As outlined in detail by Di Martino et al. (2008), these seed locations are consistent with both anatomical and functional subdivisions of the striatum (Heimer and Alheid, 1991; Drevets et al., 1999; Postuma and Dagher, 2006).”
BackgroundThe role of CRF and CRF-related peptides in the dark side of addiction
Koob, G. F. (2009) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2009.11.008 · Cited by 301
“CRF drives the orticotropic hormone (ACTH) in the portal system of the brainstem and mediates arousal and behavioral responses ions, and ventral midbrain such as the ventral tegmental medial nucleus accumbens (i.e., posterior shell) (Johnston, 1923; Heimer and Alheid, 1991).”
Heimer, L., Harlan, R. E., Alheid, G. F., Garcia, M. M., & de Olmos, J. S. (1997) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/s0306-4522(96)00405-8 · Cited by 289
Self-citationNeuroadaptive mechanisms of addiction: studies on the extended amygdala
Koob, G. F. (2003) · European Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.euroneuro.2003.08.005 · Cited by 285
“A neuroanatomical entity termed the extended amygdala (Heimer and Alheid, 1991) may represent a common anatomical substrate for acute drug reward and the negative effects of compulsive drug administration on reward function.”
BackgroundInfluentialSex differences in the neurobiology of drug addiction
Bobzean, S. A. M., Nobrega, A. K. D., & Perrotti, L. I. (2014) · Experimental Neurology · doi:10.1016/j.expneurol.2014.01.022 · Cited by 274
“…is the key anatomical substrate that comprises the so called “anti-reward pathway” which includes the central nucleus of the amygdala (CeA), bed nucleus of stria terminalis (BNST), and a transition zone in the medial (shell) of the nucleus accumbens (NAc Shell) (Heimer and Alheid, 1991) Figure 3.”
InfluentialGilman, J. M., Kuster, J. K., Lee, S., Lee, M. J., Kim, B. W., Makris, N., van der Kouwe, A., Blood, A. J., & Breiter, H. C. (2014) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.4745-13.2014 · Cited by 250
“The density increase was localized to a large area, which clearly represents the extended amygdala as defined by Heimer and Alheid (1991), a neuroanatomical entity implicated in addiction (Koob, 2003).”
BackgroundStress, Corticotropin‐releasing Factor, and Drug Addiction
Koob, G. F. (1999) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1999.tb07876.x · Cited by 234
Striatum-Based Circuitry of Adolescent Depression and Anhedonia
Gabbay, V., Ely, B. A., Li, Q., Bangaru, S. D., Panzer, A. M., Alonso, C. M., Castellanos, F. X., & Milham, M. P. (2013) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.jaac.2013.04.003 · Cited by 222
Neurocircuitry of alcohol addiction
Koob, G. F. (2014) · Handbook of clinical neurology · doi:10.1016/b978-0-444-62619-6.00003-3 · Cited by 238
A role for GABA mechanisms in the motivational effects of alcohol
Koob, G. F. (2004) · Biochemical Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.bcp.2004.07.031 · Cited by 224
Leshner, A. I., & Koob, G. F. (1999) · Proceedings of the Association of American Physicians · doi:10.1046/j.1525-1381.1999.09218.x · Cited by 220
Ogden, C. A., Rich, M. E., Schork, N. J., Paulus, M. P., Geyer, M. A., Lohr, J. B., Kuczenski, R., & Niculescu, A. B. (2004) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/sj.mp.4001547 · Cited by 221
Morris, R., Pandya, D. Ν., & Petrides, M. (1999) · The Journal of Comparative Neurology · doi:10.1002/(sici)1096-9861(19990503)407:2 · Cited by 219
Niculescu, A. B., Segal, D. S., Kuczenski, R. T., Barrett, T. B., Hauger, R. L., & Kelsoe, J. R. (2000) · Physiological Genomics · doi:10.1152/physiolgenomics.2000.4.1.83 · Cited by 199
“These brain regions were chosen based on the extensive literature demonstrating their central role in cognition and emotion (24, 36).”
Shaw-Lutchman, T. Z., Barrot, M., Wallace, T. L., Gilden, L., Zachariou, V., Impey, S., Duman, R. S., Storm, D. R., & Nestler, E. J. (2002) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.22-09-03663.2002 · Cited by 205
The structural basis for mapping behavior onto the ventral striatum and its subdivisions
Meredith, G. E., Baldo, B. A., Andrezjewski, M. E., & Kelley, A. E. (2008) · Brain Structure and Function · doi:10.1007/s00429-008-0175-3 · Cited by 202
“Heimer and colleagues carried the concept further in a series of seminal works defining and refining major basal forebrain systems that included the ventrostriatopallidal system (Alheid and Heimer 1988, 1996; Heimer and Alheid 1991; Heimer et al. 1991b, 1993, 1997).”
BackgroundMethodModulation of Cell Firing in the Nucleus Accumbens
O’Donnell, P., GREENE, J., Pabello, N. G., LEWIS, B. L., & Grace, A. A. (1999) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1999.tb09267.x · Cited by 204
Central nucleus of the amygdala and the effects of alcohol and alcohol-drinking behavior in rodents
McBride, W. J. (2002) · Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior · doi:10.1016/s0091-3057(01)00680-3 · Cited by 197
Chemical anatomy of primate basal ganglia
Parent, A., Côté, P., & Lavoie, B. A. (1995) · Progress in Neurobiology · doi:10.1016/0301-0082(95)80010-6 · Cited by 186
Acquas, E. (2002) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1016/s0893-133x(02)00290-7 · Cited by 187
“With these premises we studied with microdialysis in freely-moving rats the effect of caffeine on extracellular DA and ACh levels in the shell and in the core of the NAc (Heimer et al. 1991; Heimer and Alheid 1991) and in the prefrontal cortex (PFCX).”
BackgroundMolecular mechanisms underlying alcohol-drinking behaviours
Ron, D., & Barak, S. (2016) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn.2016.85 · Cited by 165
de Olmos, J. S., Beltramino, C. A., & Alheid, G. F. (2004) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-012547638-6/50020-1 · Cited by 160
Self-citationAfferents to Basal Forebrain Cholinergic Projection Neurons: An Update
Záborszky, L., Cullinan, W. E., & Braun, A. (1991) · Advances in experimental medicine and biology · doi:10.1007/978-1-4757-0145-6_2 · Cited by 156
Neurobiology of dysregulated motivational systems in drug addiction
Edwards, S., & Koob, G. F. (2010) · Future Neurology · doi:10.2217/fnl.10.14 · Cited by 157
“, posterior shell) [133,134].”
Curran, E. J., & Watson, S. J. (1995) · The Journal of Comparative Neurology · doi:10.1002/cne.903610106 · Cited by 148
Distribution of dopaminergic fibers in the central division of the extended amygdala of the rat
Freedman, L. J., & Cassell, M. D. (1994) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/0006-8993(94)91545-8 · Cited by 145
Kirouac, G. J. (2021) · Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnbeh.2021.627633 · Cited by 140
“The BSTDL and CeL are part of a larger macrostructure called the central extended amygdala (cEA) (Heimer and Alheid, 1991; Alheid et al., 1995; de Olmos et al., 2004).”
BackgroundIndividual differences in the neuropsychopathology of addiction
George, O., & Koob, G. F. (2017) · Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience · doi:10.31887/dcns.2017.19.3/gkoob · Cited by 152
Hypothalamo‐preoptic Histaminergic Projections in Sleep‐Wake Control in the Cat
Lin, J., Sakai, K., & Jouvet, M. (1994) · European Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1111/j.1460-9568.1994.tb00306.x · Cited by 139
Neurobiological mechanisms of addiction: focus on corticotropin-releasing factor.
Koob, G. F., & Zorrilla, E. P. (2010) · PubMed · Cited by 139
The Central Amygdala and Alcohol: Role of -Aminobutyric Acid, Glutamate, and NeuropeptidesPreprint
Roberto, M., Gilpin, N. W., & Siggins, G. R. (2012) · Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Medicine · doi:10.1101/cshperspect.a012195 · Cited by 142
“In the context of drug addiction, the major constituents of the extended amygdala are the CeA, the lateral portion of the bed nucleus of stria terminalis (BNST), and nucleus accumbens (NAc) shell (Heimer and Alheid 1991).”
BackgroundEpping-Jordan, M. P., Markou, A., & Koob, G. F. (1998) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/s0006-8993(97)01190-6 · Cited by 135
Lateral Preoptic Control of the Lateral Habenula through Convergent Glutamate and GABA Transmission
Barker, D. J., Miranda-Barrientos, J. A., Zhang, S., Root, D. H., Wang, H.-L., Liu, B., Calipari, E. S., & Morales, M. (2017) · Cell Reports · doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2017.10.066 · Cited by 125
“, 2015), and anatomical and electrophysiological findings from over forty years of research have led to the suggestion that LPO/LHb inputs are GABAergic (Araki et al., 1984; Garland and Mogenson, 1983; Heimer and Alheid, 1991; Meye et al., 2013; Mok andMogenson, 1972a, 1972b).”
BackgroundKokane, S. S., & Perrotti, L. I. (2020) · Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnbeh.2020.00074 · Cited by 132
“…associated with motor circuitry, thus coordinating behavioral output, while the shell interacts with limbic and autonomic brain regions, indicating significant regulation of reward, emotional, and visceral responses to stimuli (Heimer and Alheid, 1991; Zahm and Brog, 1992; Everitt et al., 1999).”
BackgroundThe evolving theory of basal forebrain functional—anatomical ‘macrosystems’
Zahm, D. S. (2005) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2005.06.003 · Cited by 130
Robledo, P., & Koob, G. F. (1993) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/0166-4328(93)90112-4 · Cited by 130
Brain aromatase: Roles in reproduction and neuroprotection
Roselli, C. E. (2007) · The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology · doi:10.1016/j.jsbmb.2007.05.014 · Cited by 128
“Heimer, L.; Alheid, G. Piecing together the puzzle of basal forebrain anatomy.”
BackgroundWan, F.-J., & Swerdlow, N. R. (1996) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/0006-8993(96)00209-0 · Cited by 124
Existing and future drugs for the treatment of the dark side of addiction
Koob, G. F., & Mason, B. J. (2016) · Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology · doi:10.1146/annurev-pharmtox-010715-103143 · Cited by 121
PET measures of amphetamine-induced dopamine release in ventral versus dorsal striatum
Drevets, W. (1999) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1016/s0893-133x(99)00079-2 · Cited by 122
“In primates, the accumbens cells blend with those of the anteroventral putamen and the ventral caudate, so that a distinct border of the accumbens shell is not microscopically or macroscopically evident (Heimer and Alheid 1991).”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialIntegration of chemosensory and hormonal cues is essential for mating in the male Syrian hamster
Wood, R., & Newman, S. (1995) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.15-11-07261.1995 · Cited by 122
Direct comparison of projections from the central amygdaloid region and nucleus accumbens shell
Zahm, D. S., Jensen, S. L., Williams, E. S., & Martin, J. R. (1999) · European Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1046/j.1460-9568.1999.00524.x · Cited by 121
The Role of the Central Amygdala in Alcohol Dependence
Roberto, M., Kirson, D., & Khom, S. (2021) · Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Medicine · doi:10.1101/cshperspect.a039339 · Cited by 112
Gilpin, N. W., Misra, K., Herman, M. A., Cruz, M. T., Koob, G. F., & Roberto, M. (2011) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2011.02.004 · Cited by 116
“Brain stress systems in the “extended amygdala” (4) appear to be especially important in mediating motivational deficits associated with alcohol withdrawal and excessive alcohol drinking.”
Chapter 28 Theories of basal forebrain organization and the “emotional motor system”
Alheid, G. F., & Heimer, L. (1996) · Progress in brain research · doi:10.1016/s0079-6123(08)61882-8 · Cited by 115
Self-citationAnatomic Distribution and Regulation of Aromatase Gene Expression in the Rat Brain1
Roselli, C. E., Abdelgadir, S. E., Rønnekleiv, O. K., & Klosterman, S. A. (1998) · Biology of Reproduction · doi:10.1095/biolreprod58.1.79 · Cited by 115
Hedonic homeostatic dysregulation as a driver of drug-seeking behavior
Koob, G. F. (2008) · Drug Discovery Today Disease Models · doi:10.1016/j.ddmod.2009.04.002 · Cited by 114
“Each of these regions has cytoarchitectural and circuitry similarities [30].”
BackgroundMeredith, G., Ypma, P., & Zahm, D. (1995) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.15-05-03808.1995 · Cited by 112
Metadata
- Authors
- Heimer, L., & Alheid, G. F.
- Affiliations
- University of Virginia Health System (US)
- University of Virginia (US)
- Venue
- Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology
- Publisher
- Springer US
- Published
- 1991
- Volume
- 295
- Pages
- 1-42
- ISSN
- 0065-2598 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2230876051
- Cited by
- 310
- References
- 208
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 10 · 2020: 14 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 12 · 2014: 11 · 2013: 10 · 2012: 13
- FWCI
- 13.12
- Type
- book chapter
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Advances in experimental medicine and biology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health
- U.S. Public Health Service (17743)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory and Neural Mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Anatomy › Classical Anatomy and Histology
- Keywords
- basal forebrain, hypothalamus, limbic system, nucleus accumbens, olfactory tubercle, septum, diagonal band of Broca, bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, substantia innominata, olfactory cortex, hippocampus, amygdala, fornix, stria terminalis, medial forebrain bundle, fiber tracts
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Brain, Humans, Prosencephalon
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