Morphology of Microglia Across Contexts of Health and Disease

Resting microglial cells are highly dynamic surveillants of brain parenchyma in vivo

Nimmerjahn, A., Kirchhoff, F., & Helmchen, F. (2005) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1110647 · Cited by 5,827

A Unique Microglia Type Associated with Restricting Development of Alzheimer’s Disease

Keren-Shaul, H., Spinrad, A., Weiner, A., Matcovitch-Natan, O., Dvir-Szternfeld, R., Ulland, T. K., David, E., Baruch, K., Lara-Astaiso, D., Toth, B., et al. (2017) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2017.05.018 · Cited by 5,493

The M1 and M2 paradigm of macrophage activation: Time for reassessment

Martinez, F. O., & Gordon, S. (2014) · F1000Prime Reports · doi:10.12703/p6-13 · Cited by 4,689

ATP mediates rapid microglial response to local brain injury in vivo

Davalos, D., Grutzendler, J., Yang, G., Kim, J. V., Zuo, Y., Jung, S., Littman, D. R., Dustin, M. L., & Gan, W.-B. (2005) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn1472 · Cited by 3,913

jvenn: an interactive Venn diagram viewer

Bardou, P., Mariette, J., Escudié, F., Djemiel, C., & Klopp, C. (2014) · BMC Bioinformatics · doi:10.1186/1471-2105-15-293 · Cited by 2,506

Heterogeneity in the distribution and morphology of microglia in the normal adult mouse brain

Lawson, L. J., Perry, V. H., Dri, P., & Gordon, S. (1990) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/0306-4522(90)90229-w · Cited by 2,045

How neuroinflammation contributes to neurodegeneration

Ransohoff, R. M. (2016) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.aag2590 · Cited by 1,967

New tools for studying microglia in the mouse and human CNS

Bennett, M. L., Bennett, F. C., Liddelow, S. A., Ajami, B., Zamanian, J. L., Fernhoff, N. B., Mulinyawe, S. B., Bohlen, C. J., Adil, A., Tucker, A., et al. (2016) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1525528113 · Cited by 1,804

Integrated Systems Approach Identifies Genetic Nodes and Networks in Late-Onset Alzheimer’s Disease

Zhang, B., Gaiteri, C., Bodea, L.-G., Wang, Z., McElwee, J., Podtelezhnikov, A. A., Zhang, C., Xie, T., Tran, L., Dobrin, R., et al. (2013) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2013.03.030 · Cited by 1,657

Microglia Shape Adult Hippocampal Neurogenesis through Apoptosis-Coupled Phagocytosis

Sierra, A., Encinas, J. M., Deudero, J. J. P., Chancey, J. H., Enikolopov, G., Overstreet-Wadiche, L. S., Tsirka, S. E., & Maletic-Savatic, M. (2010) · Cell Stem Cell · doi:10.1016/j.stem.2010.08.014 · Cited by 1,622

Luteolin Mitigates Dopaminergic Neuron Degeneration and Restrains Microglial M1 Polarization by Inhibiting Toll Like Receptor 4

Xie, Y., Zhang, H., Chen, J., Xu, S., & Luo, Y. (2024) · Journal of Integrative Neuroscience · doi:10.31083/j.jin2310185 · Cited by 16

Glial cells improve Parkinson’s disease by modulating neuronal function and regulating neuronal ferroptosis

Li, M., Chen, M., Li, H., Gao, D., Zhao, L., & Zhu, M. (2025) · Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology · doi:10.3389/fcell.2024.1510897 · Cited by 17

Neural organoids incorporating microglia to assess neuroinflammation and toxicities induced by known developmental neurotoxins

Yuan, N. Y., Richards, W. D., Parham, K. T., Clark, S. G., Greuel, K., Polzin, B. J., Smith, S. W., & Lebakken, C. S. (2025) · Current Research in Toxicology · doi:10.1016/j.crtox.2025.100252 · Cited by 14

Maturation, Morphology, and Function: The Decisive Role of Intestinal Flora on Microglia: A Review

Liu, L., Tong, F., Li, H., Bin, Y., Ding, P., Peng, L., Liu, Z., & Dong, X. (2023) · Journal of Integrative Neuroscience · doi:10.31083/j.jin2203070 · Cited by 14

Transplanting Microglia for Treating CNS Injuries and Neurological Diseases and Disorders, and Prospects for Generating Exogenic Microglia

Var, S. R., Strell, P., Johnson, S. T., Roman, A., Vasilakos, Z., & Low, W. C. (2023) · Cell Transplantation · doi:10.1177/09636897231171001 · Cited by 15

Pathomechanisms of Non-Traumatic Acute Brain Injury in Critically Ill Patients

Dąbrowski, W., Siwicka-Gieroba, D., Gasińska-Błotniak, M., Zaid, S., Jezierska, M., Pakulski, C., Roberson, S. W., Ely, E. W., & Kotfis, K. (2020) · Medicina · doi:10.3390/medicina56090469 · Cited by 14

Microglia-neuron crosstalk in Alzheimer’s disease: an exploration of molecular mechanisms and pathological implications

Kang, X., Tian, J., Shu, Q., Cheng, T., Wang, S., & Hu, Y. (2025) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2025.07.019 · Cited by 12

Targeting glial cells: Unveiling the neuroprotective mechanisms of Ginseng in the brain microenvironment

Wang, Y., Zhang, M., & Li, W. (2025) · Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B · doi:10.1016/j.apsb.2025.10.018 · Cited by 13

Ligand-receptor interactions: A key to understanding microglia and astrocyte roles in epilepsy

Thergarajan, P., O'Brien, T. J., Jones, N. C., & Ali, I. Y. (2024) · Epilepsy & Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.yebeh.2024.110219 · Cited by 13

A ferret brain slice model of oxygen–glucose deprivation captures regional responses to perinatal injury and treatment associated with specific microglial phenotypes

Wood, T. R., Hildahl, K., Helmbrecht, H., Corry, K. A., Moralejo, D. H., Kolnik, S. E., Prater, K. E., Juul, S. E., & Nance, E. A. (2021) · Bioengineering & Translational Medicine · doi:10.1002/btm2.10265 · Cited by 11

The appearance of phagocytic microglia in the postnatal brain of Niemann Pick type C mice is developmentally regulated and underscores shortfalls in fine odor discrimination

Rava, A., Rosa, P. L., Palladino, G., Dragotto, J., Totaro, A., Tiberi, J., Canterini, S., Oddi, S., & Fiorenza, M. T. (2022) · Journal of Cellular Physiology · doi:10.1002/jcp.30909 · Cited by 13

Satellite microglia: marker of traumatic brain injury and regulator of neuronal excitability

Feichtenbiner, A., Sytsma, K., O’Boyle, R. P., Mittenzwei, R., Maioli, H., Scherpelz, K. P., Child, D. D., Li, N., Ariza, J., Keene, L. M., et al. (2025) · Journal of Neuroinflammation · doi:10.1186/s12974-024-03328-9 · Cited by 11

Effects of Ischemia on the Migratory Capacity of Microglia Along Collagen Microcontact Prints on Organotypic Mouse Cortex Brain Slices

Steiner, K., & Humpel, C. (2022) · Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fncel.2022.858802 · Cited by 11

Transcriptome and proteome profiling reveals TREM2-dependent and -independent glial response and metabolic perturbation in an Alzheimer’s mouse model

Lin, D., Kaye, S. D., Chen, M., Lyanna, A., Ye, L., Hammond, L. A., & Gao, J. (2024) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1016/j.jbc.2024.107874 · Cited by 12

Non-genomic Effect of Estradiol on the Neurovascular Unit and Possible Involvement in the Cerebral Vascular Accident

Gonçalves, F. J., Abrantes-Soares, F., Pouso, M. R., Lorigo, M., & Cairrão, E. (2023) · Molecular Neurobiology · doi:10.1007/s12035-022-03178-7 · Cited by 11

Long-Lasting Nociplastic Pain Modulation by Repeated Administration of Sigma-1 Receptor Antagonist BD1063 in Fibromyalgia-like Mouse Models

Álvarez-Pérez, B., Bagó‐Mas, A., Deulofeu, M., Vela, J. M., Merlos, M., Verdú, E., & Boadas‐Vaello, P. (2022) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms231911933 · Cited by 11

Three-Dimensional Analysis of Sex- and Gonadal Status- Dependent Microglial Activation in a Mouse Model of Parkinson’s Disease

Isenbrandt, A., Coulombe, K., Morissette, M., Bourque, M., Lamontagne‐Proulx, J., Paolo, T. D., & Soulet, D. (2023) · Pharmaceuticals · doi:10.3390/ph16020152 · Cited by 12

Microglia reactivity is brain region and sex specific in the context of chronic stress

Zhang, A. Y., Elias, E., White, A. G., Jones, L. G., Hamad, T., & Manners, M. T. (2025) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-025-18000-2 · Cited by 10

Sex differences in microglia morphology and function across the lifespan are mediated by the early hormone environment

Davis, L. K., Anders, M. M., Guerin, S. P., Khoury, S. E., Thompson, L. M., Darling, J. S., Gore, A. C., & Fonken, L. K. (2025) · Brain Behavior and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2025.106187 · Cited by 9

Microglial Metamorphosis in Three Dimensions in Virus Limbic Encephalitis: An Unbiased Pictorial Representation Based on a Stereological Sampling Approach of Surveillant and Reactive Microglia

Creão, L. S. D. S., Bento‐Torres, J., de Lima, C. M., dos Reis, R. R., de Sousa, A. A., dos Santos, Z. A., Diniz, J. A. P., Diniz, D. G., & Diniz, C. W. P. (2021) · Brain Sciences · doi:10.3390/brainsci11081009 · Cited by 8

Abscisic acid, a promising therapeutic molecule to prevent Alzheimer’s and neurodegenerative diseases

Sánchez‐Pérez, A. M. (2019) · Neural Regeneration Research · doi:10.4103/1673-5374.270307 · Cited by 10

Systemic inhibition of soluble TNF significantly changes glial cell populations leading to improved myelin integrity and better functional outcome after experimental stroke

Thougaard, E., Nielsen, P. V., Raffaele, S., Nielsen, A.-S. N., Larsen, L. L., Corradini, S., Havelund, J. F., Becirovic, L. V., Bouwman, E. M., Fumagalli, M., et al. (2025) · Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy · doi:10.1016/j.biopha.2025.118334 · Cited by 8

Oral exposure to polystyrene nanoplastics induces anxiety-like behavior and cognitive deficit accompanied with alteration of neuroimmune markers in rats

Win‐Shwe, T., & Kyi‐Tha‐Thu, C. (2025) · The Journal of Toxicological Sciences · doi:10.2131/jts.50.507 · Cited by 9

TNFR2 signaling shapes the sex-specific remyelinating properties of microglia after experimental stroke

Raffaele, S., Mannella, F. C., Thougaard, E., Nielsen, P. V., Blickfeldt-Eckhardt, M., Tolosa, E., Münsterberg, J., Magnus, T., Mikkelsen, J. D., Gelderblom, M., et al. (2025) · Neurotherapeutics · doi:10.1016/j.neurot.2025.e00745 · Cited by 7

Sodium oligomannate modulates the gut-brain axis to alleviate post-stroke cognitive impairment by restoring butyrate metabolism

Ren, Y., Liang, J., Xie, J., Hu, W., Lai, M., Li, X., Zhang, J., Zheng, Y., Wu, Q., Zhou, H., et al. (2025) · Microbiome · doi:10.1186/s40168-025-02257-w · Cited by 8

Panaxytriol Inhibits Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Microglia Activation in Brain Inflammation in Vivo

Hiramatsu, G., Matsuda, K., Uta, D., Mihara, K., & Kume, T. (2021) · Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin · doi:10.1248/bpb.b21-00288 · Cited by 8

Microglia heterogeneity during neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration in the mouse retina

Rao, B., Liu, X., Xiao, J., Wu, X., He, F., Yang, Q., Zhao, W., Lin, X., & Zhang, J. (2024) · Brain Structure and Function · doi:10.1007/s00429-024-02875-4 · Cited by 12

Events Occurring in the Axotomized Facial Nucleus

Nakajima, K., & Ishijima, T. (2022) · Cells · doi:10.3390/cells11132068 · Cited by 8

A simple protocol for isolating microglia from adult mouse brain

Chakrabarti, S., Gorai, S., & Pahan, K. (2023) · NeuroImmune Pharmacology and Therapeutics · doi:10.1515/nipt-2023-0014 · Cited by 7

Microglia-like cells from patient monocytes demonstrate increased phagocytic activity in probable Alzheimer's disease

Gonul, C. P., Kiser, C., Yaka, E. C., Öz, D., Hunerli, D., Yerlikaya, D., Olcum, M., Keskinoğlu, P., Yener, G., & Genç, Ş. (2024) · Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.mcn.2024.103990 · Cited by 8

Microglia Morphology in the Developing Primate Amygdala and Effects of Early Life Stress

King, D. P., Abdalaziz, M., Majewska, A. K., Cameron, J. L., & Fudge, J. L. (2025) · eNeuro · doi:10.1523/eneuro.0466-24.2024 · Cited by 7

A comparison of microglial morphological complexity in adult mouse brain samples using 2-dimensional and 3-dimensional image analysis tools

Murray, C. J., Tunderman, E. D., Vecchiarelli, H. A., Ibáñez, F. G., & Tremblay, M. (2025) · Glial health research. · doi:10.1016/j.ghres.2025.100007 · Cited by 9

CCL2 activates NLRP3 inflammasomes to regulate microglial phenotype transformation to promote central sensitisation in chronic migraine

Wang, H., Wen, H., Yang, Y., Zhong, J., Zhang, W., Qing, G., Zhang, D., & Chen, L. (2025) · International Immunopharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.intimp.2025.115133 · Cited by 7

Dehydrocorydaline alleviates sleep deprivation-induced persistent postoperative pain in adolescent mice through inhibiting microglial P2Y 12 receptor expression in the spinal cord

Yang, H., Zhang, Y., Duan, Q., Ni, K., Jiao, Y., Zhu, J., Sun, J., Zhang, W., & Ma, Z. (2023) · Molecular Pain · doi:10.1177/17448069231216234 · Cited by 7

Maternal exposure to di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate impaired the social interaction via activating microglia in male pups

Wei, Z., Fang, R., Wang, Y., & Dong, J. (2024) · Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety · doi:10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.116069 · Cited by 7

Microglial morphology aligns with vigilance stage‐specific neuronal oscillations in a brain region‐dependent manner

Steffens, S. K., Mäkinen, H., Stenberg, D., & Wigren, H. (2024) · Glia · doi:10.1002/glia.24617 · Cited by 7

Effects of developmental exposure to FireMaster® 550 (FM 550) on microglia density, reactivity and morphology in a prosocial animal model

Marinello, W. P., Gillera, S. E. A., Fanning, M. J., Malinsky, L. B., Rhodes, C. L., Horman, B. M., & Patisaul, H. B. (2022) · NeuroToxicology · doi:10.1016/j.neuro.2022.04.015 · Cited by 7

APP Knock-In Mice Produce E22P-Aβ Exhibiting an Alzheimer’s Disease-like Phenotype with Dysregulation of Hypoxia-Inducible Factor Expression

Maki, T., Sawahata, M., Akutsu, I., Amaike, S., Hiramatsu, G., Uta, D., Izuo, N., Shimizu, T., Irie, K., & Kume, T. (2022) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms232113259 · Cited by 7

Reactive Microgliosis in Sepsis-Associated and Acute Hepatic Encephalopathies: An Ultrastructural Study

Shulyatnikova, T. V., Tumanskiy, V. A., & Hayden, M. R. (2022) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms232214455 · Cited by 8

Microglia/macrophage-specific deletion of TLR-4 protects against neural effects of diet-induced obesity in a sexually dimorphic manner

Liu, J., Zaidi, A. H., & Pike, C. J. (2025) · Journal of Neuroinflammation · doi:10.1186/s12974-025-03534-z · Cited by 11

A Sleeping Opportunity Does Not Restore Hippocampal Alterations Induced by 10 Days of Sleep Restriction in Rats

García‐Aviles, J. E., Avilez-Avilez, J. J., Sánchez-Hernández, J., Patlán-Márquez, C., Rodríguez-Alpízar, J., Becerril-Mercado, F. M., Jiménez, A., Guerrero‐Vargas, N. N., Morin, J., Rodríguez-García, M., et al. (2025) · Neurochemical Research · doi:10.1007/s11064-025-04561-1 · Cited by 7

Differences in inflammatory markers, mitochondrial function, and synaptic proteins in male and female Alzheimer's disease post mortem brains

Yang, A. J. T., Mohammad, A., Crozier, R. W. E., Maddalena, L. G., Tsiani, E., Adam, J. M., Spencer, G. E., Necakov, A., Duarte‐Guterman, P., Stuart, J. A., et al. (2025) · Alzheimer s & Dementia · doi:10.1002/alz.70645 · Cited by 6

Dual immune modulation of microglia in viral encephalitis: current understanding and future perspectives

Zong, L., Chen, P., Shi, J., Chen, H., Lin, W., Ou, G., & Chen, X. (2025) · Frontiers in Molecular Biosciences · doi:10.3389/fmolb.2025.1695058 · Cited by 6

Time-Dependent Long-Term Effect of Memantine following Repetitive Mild Traumatic Brain Injury

Boucher, M. L., Conley, G. M., Morriss, N. J., Ospina-Mora, S., Qiu, J., Mannix, R., & Meehan, W. P., III (2024) · Journal of Neurotrauma · doi:10.1089/neu.2023.0423 · Cited by 6

A p75 neurotrophin receptor‐sparing nerve growth factor protects retinal ganglion cells from neurodegeneration by targeting microglia

Latini, L., de Araújo, D. S. M., Amato, R., Canovai, A., Buccarello, L., Logu, F. D., Novelli, E., Vlasiuk, A., Malerba, F., Arisi, I., et al. (2024) · British Journal of Pharmacology · doi:10.1111/bph.17316 · Cited by 7

Neonatal exposure to low‐dose X‐ray causes behavioral defects and abnormal hippocampal development in mice

Liu, Y., Ma, H., Wang, Y., Ren, B., Liu, L., Sun, A., & Tang, F.-R. (2023) · IUBMB Life · doi:10.1002/iub.2703 · Cited by 6

Function of GSK‑3 signaling in spinal cord injury (Review)

Dong, X., Hong, H., & Cui, Z. (2023) · Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine · doi:10.3892/etm.2023.12240 · Cited by 6

Bone marrow-derived myeloid cells transiently colonize the brain during postnatal development and interact with glutamatergic synapses

Carrier, M., Robert, M.-È., St-Pierre, M.-K., Ibáñez, F. G., Gonçalves de Andrade, E., Laroche, A., Picard, K., Vecchiarelli, H. A., Savage, J. C., Boilard, É., et al. (2024) · iScience · doi:10.1016/j.isci.2024.110037 · Cited by 5

Human Adipose-Stem-Cell-Derived Small Extracellular Vesicles Modulate Behavior and Glial Cells in Young and Aged Mice Following TBI

Abdelmaboud, S. S., Moss, L. D., Hudson, C., Patel, R. S., Avlas, M., Wohlfahrt, J., Wolf, T., Guergues, J., Stevens, S. M., Patel, N. A., et al. (2025) · Cells · doi:10.3390/cells14171304 · Cited by 5

Unraveling the Influence of Litter Size, Maternal Care, Exercise, and Aging on Neurobehavioral Plasticity and Dentate Gyrus Microglia Dynamics in Male Rats

Krejčová, L. V., Bento‐Torres, J., Diniz, D. G., Pereira, A., Hornsby, M. B.-D.-O., Morais, A., Mendes-da-Silva, R. F., Abadie‐Guedes, R., dos Santos, Â. A., de Lima, D. S. C., et al. (2024) · Brain Sciences · doi:10.3390/brainsci14050497 · Cited by 5

3-Dimensional morphological characterization of neuroretinal microglia in Alzheimer’s disease via machine learning

Nassrallah, W. B., Li, H. R., Irani, L., Wijesinghe, P., Hogg, P. W., Hui, L., Oh, J., Mackenzie, I. R., Hirsch‐Reinshagen, V., Hsiung, G. R., et al. (2024) · Acta Neuropathologica Communications · doi:10.1186/s40478-024-01898-6 · Cited by 9

Eugenol Alleviates Cerebral Ischemia–Reperfusion Injury in Mice by Promoting the Phagocytosis of Microglia via Up‐Regulating Tripartite Motif Protein 59

Pan, M., Li, X., Tian, X., Yang, L. Z., & Fang, W. (2025) · Basic & Clinical Pharmacology & Toxicology · doi:10.1111/bcpt.70058 · Cited by 5

Reduction of neuroinflammation and seizures in a mouse model of CLN1 batten disease using the small molecule enzyme mimetic, N-Tert-butyl hydroxylamine

Fyke, Z., Johansson, R., Scott, A. I., Wiley, D., Chelsky, D., Zak, J. D., Al-Nakouzi, N., Koster, K. P., & Yoshii, A. (2024) · Molecular Genetics and Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.ymgme.2024.108537 · Cited by 6

Glial scarring around intra-cortical MEA implants with flexible and free microwires inserted using biodegradable PLGA needles

Darlot, F., Villard, P., Salam, L. A., Rousseau, L., & Piret, G. (2024) · Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology · doi:10.3389/fbioe.2024.1408088 · Cited by 6

Microglial activation and alpha-synuclein oligomers drive the early inflammatory phase of Parkinson’s diseasePreprint

Evans, J. R., Grant‐Peters, M., Beckwith, J. S., Toomey, C. E., Popovic, R., Breiter, J. C., Brenton, J., Fairbrother-Browne, A., Strohbuecker, S., Lachica, J., et al. (2025) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2025.08.25.671921 · Cited by 5

Alzheimer’s Disease and Contemporary Therapeutic Approaches: Recent Advances in Natural Products

Gunday, E., & Şenol, F. S. (2026) · Drugs and Drug Candidates · doi:10.3390/ddc5010021 · Cited by 6

MorphoGlia, an interactive method to identify and map microglia morphologies, demonstrates differences in hippocampal subregions of an Alzheimer’s disease mouse model

Maya-Arteaga, J. P., Martínez-Orozco, H., & Díaz-Cintra, S. Y. (2024) · Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fncel.2024.1505048 · Cited by 6

Beyond the ends: potential implications of telomeric repeat-containing RNA (TERRA) for CNS diseases

Namous, H., & Vemuganti, R. (2025) · Journal of Molecular Cell Biology · doi:10.1093/jmcb/mjaf013 · Cited by 5

Induced Microglial-like Cells Derived from Familial and Sporadic Alzheimer’s Disease Peripheral Blood Monocytes Show Abnormal Phagocytosis and Inflammatory Response to PSEN1 E280A Cholinergic-like Neurons

Soto‐Mercado, V., Mendivil‐Perez, M., Velez‐Pardo, C., & Jiménez-Del-Río, M. (2025) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms26157162 · Cited by 5

Ambiguous Contribution of Glucocorticosteroids to Acute Neuroinflammation in the Hippocampus of Rat

Tret’yakova, L. V., Kvichansky, A. A., Barkovskaya, E. S., Манолова, А. О., Bolshakov, A. P., & Gulyaeva, N. V. (2023) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms241311147 · Cited by 4

Neurodevelopmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders

Traetta, M. E., Filho, A. M. C., Akinluyi, E. T., & Tremblay, M. (2024) · Advances in neurobiology · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-55529-9_26 · Cited by 4

Post-traumatic Neuroinflammation: Relevance to Pediatrics

Ashwal, S., Siebold, L., Krueger, A. C., & Wilson, C. G. (2021) · Pediatric Neurology · doi:10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2021.04.010 · Cited by 4

Evaluation of the Effect of β-Wrapin AS69 in a Mouse Model Based on Alpha-Synuclein Overexpression

Höfs, L., Geißler-Lösch, D., Wunderlich, K., Szegő, É. M., den Haute, C. V., Baekelandt, V., Hoyer, W., & Falkenburger, B. H. (2024) · Biomolecules · doi:10.3390/biom14070756 · Cited by 3

Protein kinase R induced by type I interferons is a main regulator of reactive microglia in Zika virus infection

Bortolin, V., Mansuroglu, Z., Conquet, L., Calcagno, G., Lambert, F., Marin‐Obando, J. P., Segrt, H., Savino, M., Menidjel, R., Souès, S., et al. (2024) · Glia · doi:10.1002/glia.24619 · Cited by 4

Physiology of neuroglia of the central nervous system

Verkhratsky, A., & Semyanov, A. V. (2025) · Handbook of clinical neurology · doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-19104-6.00005-x · Cited by 4

A combined activity of peripheral nociceptive and nonnociceptive neurons is necessary to trigger spinal microglial reactivity and sustained pain

Isler, M., Chung, P. C. S., Deftu, A., Kirschmann, G., Décosterd, I., & Suter, M. R. (2025) · Pain · doi:10.1097/j.pain.0000000000003725 · Cited by 3

Contrasting Disease Progression, Microglia Reactivity, Tolerance, and Resistance to Toxoplasma gondii Infection in Two Mouse Strains

Diniz, D. G., de Oliveira, J. H. P., Guerreiro, L. C. F., de Menezes, G. C., de Assis, A. C. L., Duarte, T. Q., dos Santos, I. B. D., Maciel, F. D., Soares, G. L. D. S., Araújo, S. C., et al. (2024) · Biomedicines · doi:10.3390/biomedicines12071420 · Cited by 2

Chronic intraperitoneal injection of polyethylene glycol 200 in mice induces hippocampal neuroinflammation

Freyssin, A., Fauconneau, B., Chassaing, D., Bilan, A. R., & Page, G. (2021) · Drug and Chemical Toxicology · doi:10.1080/01480545.2021.1894738 · Cited by 3

Novel peptidomimetic compounds attenuate hypoxic-ischemic brain injury in neonatal rats

Chen, X. F., Kroke, B., Ni, J., Munoz, C., Appleman, M., Jacobs, B., Tran, T., Nguyen, K. V., Qiu, C., Stonestreet, B. S., et al. (2025) · Experimental Neurology · doi:10.1016/j.expneurol.2025.115151 · Cited by 2

Multi‐modal screening for synergistic neuroprotection of mild extremely preterm brain injury

Jin, Z. R., Corry, K. A., Brandon, O. C., Magoon, M. J., Helmbrecht, H., Moralejo, D. H., Bassett, R., Kolnik, S. E., Boyle, P. M., Juul, S. E., et al. (2025) · Bioengineering & Translational Medicine · doi:10.1002/btm2.70058 · Cited by 2

The Central Nervous System Source Modulates Microglia Function and Morphology In Vitro

Pinho, A. G., Monteiro, A., Fernandes, S., de Sousa, N., Salgado, A. J., Silva, N. A., & Monteiro, S. (2023) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms24097685 · Cited by 2

Morphology of Cortical Microglia in the Hyperacute Phase of Subarachnoid Hemorrhage

Lyubomudrov, M. A., Babkina, A. S., Цоколаева, З. И., Yadgarov, M. Y., Shigeev, S. V., Sundukov, D. V., & Golubev, A. M. (2024) · Biology · doi:10.3390/biology13110917 · Cited by 2

Pramipexole decreases allodynia and hyperalgesia via NF-κB in astrocytes in rats with Parkinson's disease

Godínez‐Chaparro, B., Rodríguez-Ramos, M. C., Martínez-Lorenzana, M. G., González-Morales, E., Pérez-Ruíz, K. P., Monteros-Zúñiga, A. E. D. L., Mendoza‐Pérez, F., & Condés‐Lara, M. (2024) · Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.pbb.2024.173945 · Cited by 3

A Novel Rat Model for Inflammatory Gut–Brain Interactions in Parkinson's Disease

Kendall, G. E., Underwood, C. F., & Parr‐Brownlie, L. C. (2025) · European Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1111/ejn.16667 · Cited by 3

A rotenone organotypic whole hemisphere slice model of mitochondrial abnormalities in the neonatal brain

Butler, B., Renney, M., Bennett, K., Charpentier, G., & Nance, E. A. (2024) · Journal of Biological Engineering · doi:10.1186/s13036-024-00465-w · Cited by 1

The phytohormone abscisic acid enhances remyelination in mouse models of multiple sclerosis

Gaever, F. V., Mingneau, F., Vanherle, S., Driege, Y., Haegman, M., Wonterghem, E. V., Xie, J., Vandenbroucke, R. E., Hendriks, J. J. A., Beyaert, R., et al. (2024) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2024.1500697 · Cited by 1

Inhibition of Microglia Synaptic Pruning Mediates the Anti-Neuroinflammatory Activity of Diosgenin

Huang, K.-F. (2025) · International Journal of Pharmacology · doi:10.3923/ijp.2025.16.26 · Cited by 1

Glial-mediated pathogenesis and intervention strategies in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder

Zhang, Z., Li, F., Li, X., & Wei, H. (2025) · Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.msard.2025.106666 · Cited by 1

Neuroprotective effects of cobalt oxide nanoparticles through mitigating oxidative stress and reactive glial responses in traumatic brain injury

Qiu, X., Shen, C., Li, Y., Shao, M., Wang, B., Li, J., Wei, J., Ping, S., Cong, W., & Li, M. (2025) · Materials Today Bio · doi:10.1016/j.mtbio.2025.102434 · Cited by 1

Methylnissolin mitigates microglia-mediated neuroinflammation and ischemic brain injury through PI3K/AKT and MAPK pathways

Wu, J., Jiang, M., Yin, Y., Zhang, Z., Sun, L., Yang, M., Yang, H., Bao, X., Xia, S., & Xu, Y. (2025) · European Journal of Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.ejphar.2025.178431 · Cited by 1

Microglial activity during postnatal development is required for infantile amnesia in mice

Stewart, E., Zielke, L. G., Guillaume, G., de Boer, A., Power, S. D., & Ryan, T. J. (2026) · PLoS Biology · doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.3003538 · Cited by 1

Identification of repopulated microglia-associated genes in microglia depleted/repopulated mice after spinal cord injury.

Xue, S.-Y., Hu, D., Li, L., Sun, Y., Wei, X.-Y., Xiao, Y., Jiang, Q., Qi, C., & Fu, H.-T. (2026) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2026.150189 · Cited by 1

Retinal glial cells in glaucoma and age-related retinal diseases: Inflammatory responses, disease transitions, and translational perspectives

Salkar, A., Palanivel, V., Basavarajappa, D. K., Heng, B., Schulz, A. M., Gupta, V. K., Graham, S. L., Mirzaei, M., & You, Y. (2026) · Neural Regeneration Research · doi:10.4103/nrr.nrr-d-25-01905 · Cited by 2

Targeting neuroinflammation: itaconate and mesaconate as therapeutic strategies against H7N7 influenza-associated CNS damage

Ohm, M., He, W., Bruder, D., Hiller, K., Körte, M., & Hosseini, S. (2026) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2026.1776302 · Cited by 1

HMC3 revealed: how much do these “Microglia” really tell us?

Buccarello, L., Privitera, A., Partsinevelos, K., Serwa, K., Carota, G., Pietro, L. D., Cardaci, V., Mangione, R., Sibbitts, J., Lazzarino, G., et al. (2026) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2026.1778798 · Cited by 2

Disrupted Maternal Care Alters Neural–Microglia Interactions in the Primate Paralaminar Nucleus (PL) of the Amygdala

King, D. P., Khan, M., Majewska, A. K., Cameron, J. L., & Fudge, J. L. (2026) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.0017-26.2026 · Cited by 1

MicroFace maps microglial morphology remodeling, revealing spatial zones and bifurcated trajectories during brain microinjury recovery

Jariwala, V. D., Ponnamma, S., Ravi, V. M., Beck, J., Hofmann, U., & Joseph, K. (2026) · iScience · doi:10.1016/j.isci.2026.116485 · Cited by 1

C3VFC: A Method for Tracing and Quantification of Microglia in 3D Temporal Images

Ly, T. T., Wang, J., Bisht, K., Eyo, U. B., & Acton, S. T. (2021) · Applied Sciences · doi:10.3390/app11136078 · Cited by 2

GLIOCYTES OF THE BRAIN: CYTOLOGICAL AND FUNCTIONAL PECULIARITIES (LECTURE)

Demydchuk, A. S., Shamalo, S., Goncharuk, O. O., Kuraieva, A. V., & Makarenko, O. M. (2023) · Актуальні проблеми сучасної медицини Вісник Української медичної стоматологічної академії · doi:10.31718/2077-1096.23.3.237 · Cited by 1

Rhythmic patterns in microglial cells within the circadian pineal gland from male rats

Freites, C. L., Avila, M., Amiotti, J. B., & Muñoz, E. M. (2025) · The Anatomical Record · doi:10.1002/ar.70099

Cell-surface proteomic profiling identifies CD72 as a regulator of microglial tilingPreprint

Chan, T. C., Rastogi, M., Williams, M. X., Zhang, S., Shi, S. M., Shuken, S. R., Bartling, T., Wild, K., Atkins, M., Hahn, O., et al. (2025) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2025.06.02.657480 · Cited by 1

The extracellular ATP/P2X7R signaling axis drives early neuroinflammation and neuronal hyperexcitability in an Alzheimer’s disease mouse modelPreprint

Arnst, N., Bedetta, M., Redolfi, N., Falzoni, S., Kachappilly, N., Tarantini, M., Basso, E., Giuliani, A. L., Sandonà, D., Virgilio, F. D., et al. (2025) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2025.11.14.688405 · Cited by 1

Complement 3a Receptor mediates high fat diet induced hypothalamic accumulation of lipid associated microglia to regulate neuroinflammation and obesityPreprint

Pallais, J. P., Razzoli, M., Rodriguez, P., McGonigle, S., Daugherty, A. L., Hillman, H., Verteramo, L., Schrank, P. R., Parthiban, P., Chang, X., et al. (2026) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.64898/2026.04.18.719397 · Cited by 1

Loss of function in the autism and schizophrenia-associated gene CYFIP1 in human microglia supports a role in synaptic pruningPreprint

Sheridan, S. D., Horng, J. E., Yeh, H., McCrea, L. T., Fu, T., & Perlis, R. H. (2022) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2022.10.24.513576

Principles of gliopathology

Verkhratsky, A., & Butt, A. M. (2023) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-821565-4.00005-5

Bone Marrow-Derived Myeloid Cells Colonize the Brain Parenchyma During Postnatal Development and Interact with Synapses in Mice Under Normal Physiological ConditionsPreprint

Carrier, M., Robert, M.-È., St‐Pierre, M., Ibáñez, F. G., de Andrade, E. G., Savage, J. C., Desjardins, M., & Tremblay, M. (2023) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.4608531

Stereological Approaches to Microglia Morphometry

García‐Magro, N., & Avendaño, C. (2024) · Neuromethods · doi:10.1007/978-1-0716-3977-1_3

Modulating disease states of the central nervous system: Outcomes of neuromodulation on microglia

Bobotis, B. C., Dolhan, K., & Tremblay, M. (2024) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-95730-4.00015-9

Morphological characteristics and corresponding functional properties of homeostatic human microglia

Khodabakhsh, P., & Garaschuk, O. (2025) · Neural Regeneration Research · doi:10.4103/nrr.nrr-d-24-01568

Rosenfeld’s Staining: A Valuable Tool for In Vitro Assessment of Astrocyte and Microglia Morphology

Farias, A. A., Costa, A. C. D. S., Teles-Souza, J., Soares, É. N., Costa, C. C. D. O. S., do Nascimento, R. P., Costa, S. L., da Silva, V. D. A., & Costa, M. D. F. D. (2025) · Neuroglia · doi:10.3390/neuroglia6020016

Microglial dynamics during brain development

Tsuruta, F., & Okajima, T. (2018) · Neural Regeneration Research · doi:10.4103/1673-5374.226386 · Cited by 22

Quantitative Morphological Comparison of Microglia in Normal and Alzheimer's Disease Model Brains

Zhong, Z. (2025) · Journal of Clinical Medicine Research · doi:10.32629/jcmr.v6i3.4437

Morphological diversity of microglia: Implications for learning, environmental adaptation, ageing, sex differences and neuropathology

Augusto‐Oliveira, M., Arrifano, G. D. P., Leal-Nazaré, C. G., Chaves-Filho, A. J. M., Santos-Sacramento, L., Lopes-Araújo, A., Tremblay, M., & Lopez, M. E. C. (2025) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2025.106091 · Cited by 28

Microglial morphology in the somatosensory cortex across lifespan. A quantitative study

Godeanu, S., Clarke, D., Stopper, L., Deftu, A., Popa‐Wagner, A., Bălşeanu, T. A., Scheller, A., & Cătălin, B. (2023) · Developmental Dynamics · doi:10.1002/dvdy.582 · Cited by 15

Microglia morphology in the physiological and diseased brain : from fixed tissue to in vivo conditions

Stopper, L., Bălşeanu, T. A., Cătălin, B., Rogoveanu, O. C., Mogoantă, L., & Scheller, A. (2018) · PubMed · doi:10.22028/d291-39556 · Cited by 23