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Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT): Principle and Technical Realization
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Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a non-invasive technique for cross-sectional tissue imaging. It typically uses light in the near-infrared spectral range which has a penetration depth of several hundred microns in tissue. The backscattered light is measured with an interferometric set-up to reconstruct the depth profile of the sample at the selected location. A scanning OCT beam allows for acquisition of cross-sectional images of the tissue structure. Different technical methods are introduced and compared regarding their properties like sensitivity, imaging speed and penetration depth. Regardless of the technical realization, axial resolution and imaging range of an OCT system are determined by light source and detector characteristics. Combining retinal OCT with a confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscope allows for motion tracking during acquisition and to examine the exact same position at any time again. Segmentation of features is the basis for automatic depth measurements and standardized measurements to be compared with normative databases. New trends show the ability of functional OCT to image flow, polarizing properties of tissue and even mechanical properties like elasticity. Recent approaches to improve the resolution and the acquisition speed show the ongoing research interest in OCT.
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“OCT imaging at depth is negatively affected by absorption with light absorption and attenuation in upper tissue layers leading to less light reaching lower layers.”
From Effect of skin color on optical properties and the implications for medical optical technologies: a review (2024) · cites this paper as [85]
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Fang, R. S., Rubinoff, I., & Zhang, H. F. (2022) · Biomedical Optics Express · doi:10.1364/boe.459607 · Cited by 6
Design and Evaluation of a Flexible Sensorized Robotic OCT Neuroendoscope
Yan, J., Chen, P., Chen, J., Xue, J., Xu, C., Qiu, Y., Fang, H., Lu, Y., Wong, G. K. C., Liu, Y., et al. (2023) · International Symposium on Medical Robotics · doi:10.1109/ismr57123.2023.10130184 · Cited by 6
Schröer, L., Balcaen, T., Folens, K., Boon, N., KOCK, T. D., Kerckhofs, G., & Cnudde, V. (2024) · Tomography of Materials and Structures · doi:10.1016/j.tmater.2024.100024 · Cited by 6
Analysis of sweating by optical coherence tomography in patients with palmoplantar hyperhidrosis
Kato, K., Al‐Sobaihi, S., Al‐Busani, H., Nishizawa, A., Ohmi, M., Yokozeki, H., & Namiki, T. (2020) · The Journal of Dermatology · doi:10.1111/1346-8138.15694 · Cited by 7
Dhiman, B., Kamboj, S., & Srivastava, V. (2025) · Biomedical Signal Processing and Control · doi:10.1016/j.bspc.2025.107873 · Cited by 5
Abbasi, S. A., Mei, D., Wei, Y., Xu, C., Abbasi, S. M. T., Shakil, S., & Yuan, W. (2025) · Laser & Photonics Review · doi:10.1002/lpor.202401394 · Cited by 5
Yang, S., Xin, Z., Li, H., Zhu, Z., Zhu, Z., Shang, X., Huang, W., Zhang, L., He, M., Jonas, J. B., et al. (2025) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-025-66979-z · Cited by 6
Time-Resolved Dynamic Optical Coherence Tomography for Retinal Blood Flow Analysis
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Self-citationPhysics-Based Practical Speckle Noise Modeling for Optical Coherence Tomography Image Denoising
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Du, K., Shah, S. V., Bollepalli, S. C., Ibrahim, M. N., Gadari, A., Sutharahan, S., Sahel, J., Chhablani, J. K., & Vupparaboina, K. K. (2024) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0314707 · Cited by 5
Enhancement of OCT en face images by unsupervised deep learning
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Fabrication of Dental Crown by Optical Coherence Tomography: A Pilot Study
Lee, S., Son, K., Lee, J., Jeon, M., Lee, K., & Kim, J. (2020) · IEEE Access · doi:10.1109/access.2020.3014315 · Cited by 5
A Spectral-Domain Low-Coherence Method for Measuring Composite Windshield Thickness
Zhang, T., Xia, R., Zhao, J., Sun, Y., Wu, J., Fu, S., & Chen, Y. (2024) · IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement · doi:10.1109/tim.2024.3353865 · Cited by 5
Wang, Z., Zhou, J., Hu, X., Ding, J., Zhang, X., Wei, R., 秦秀虹, & Li, Z. (2025) · Frontiers in Medicine · doi:10.3389/fmed.2025.1726962 · Cited by 4
Harnessing Nanoparticles to Enhance Therapeutic Efficacy in Oral Cancer Management
Kamyab, H., Jamalpour, S., Khalili, E., Shanmugapriya, D., & Reytor-González, C. (2026) · BioNanoScience · doi:10.1007/s12668-026-02492-x · Cited by 4
Metadata
- Authors
- Aumann, S., Donner, S., Fischer, J., & Müller, F.
- Affiliations
- Heidelberg Engineering (Germany) (DE)
- Venue
- High Resolution Imaging in Microscopy and Ophthalmology
- Publisher
- Springer International Publishing
- Published
- 2019
- Pages
- 59-85
- OpenAlex
- W2967073593
- Cited by
- 449
- References
- 46
- Citations by year
- 2026: 41 · 2025: 112 · 2024: 109 · 2023: 71 · 2022: 70 · 2021: 31 · 2020: 15
- FWCI
- 44.32
- Type
- book chapter
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Springer eBooks (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Funders
- Heidelberg Engineering GmbH
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Optical Coherence Tomography Applications
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging › Optical Imaging and Spectroscopy Techniques
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics › Adaptive optics and wavefront sensing
- Keywords
- optical coherence tomography, retinal imaging, near-infrared light, interferometry, axial resolution, penetration depth, confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscope, motion tracking, image segmentation, depth measurement, tissue elasticity imaging, imaging speed
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