CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 262Cholesterol and Lipid MetabolismLipoproteins and Cardiovascular HealthLipid Membrane Structure and Behavior

High Density Lipoprotein Structure–Function and Role in Reverse Cholesterol Transport

Open access
Lund-Katz, Sissel, Phillips, Michael C.·2010·Subcellular Biochemistry
DOI 10.1007/978-90-481-8622-8_7PMC PMC3215094
Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

High density lipoprotein (HDL) possesses important anti-atherogenic properties and this review addresses the molecular mechanisms underlying these functions. The structures and cholesterol transport abilities of HDL particles are determined by the properties of their exchangeable apolipoprotein (apo) components. ApoA-I and apoE, which are the best characterized in structural terms, contain a series of amphipathic alpha-helical repeats. The helices located in the amino-terminal two-thirds of the molecule adopt a helix bundle structure while the carboxy-terminal segment forms a separately folded, relatively disorganized, domain. The latter domain initiates lipid binding and this interaction induces changes in conformation; the alpha-helix content increases and the amino-terminal helix bundle can open subsequently. These conformational changes alter the abilities of apoA-I and apoE to function as ligands for their receptors. The apoA-I and apoE molecules possess detergent-like properties and they can solubilize vesicular phospholipid to create discoidal HDL particles with hydrodynamic diameters of ~10 nm. In the case of apoA-I, such a particle is stabilized by two protein molecules arranged in an anti-parallel, double-belt, conformation around the edge of the disc. The abilities of apoA-I and apoE to solubilize phospholipid and stabilize HDL particles enable these proteins to be partners with ABCA1 in mediating efflux of cellular phospholipid and cholesterol, and the biogenesis of HDL particles. ApoA-I-containing nascent HDL particles play a critical role in cholesterol transport in the circulation whereas apoE-containing HDL particles mediate cholesterol transport in the brain. The mechanisms by which HDL particles are remodeled by lipases and lipid transfer proteins, and interact with SR-BI to deliver cholesterol to cells, are reviewed.

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1007/978-90-481-8622-8_7

Cites

16 of 16 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

  • Lipid-free apoE tends to self-aggregate in aqueous solution due to hydrophobic interaction between amphipathic α-helices in the C-terminal domain.

    “Lipid-free apoE tends to self-aggregate in aqueous solution due to the hydrophobic interaction between amphipathic α-helices in the C-terminal domain (17, 18).”

    From <i>APOE3</i> -Jacksonville (V236E) variant reduces self-aggregation and risk of dementia (2021) · cites this paper as [17]

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Cites

Flagged first, then by citations

Research works printed but not linked: 223

  1. Abe-Dohmae S Kato KH Kumon Y Hu W Ishigami H Iwamoto N Okazaki M Wu CA Ueda K Yokoyama S 2006 Serum amyloid A generates high density lipoprotein with cellular lipid in an ABCA1- or ABCA7-dependent manner J Lipid Res 47 1542 1550 16607034
  2. Acharya P Segall ML Zaiou M Morrow JA Weisgraber K Phillips MC Lund-Katz S Snow JW 2002 Comparison of the stabilities and unfolding pathways of human apolipoprotein E isoforms by differential scanning calorimetry and circular dichroism Biochim Biophys Acta 1584 9 19 12213488
  3. Acton S Rigotti A Landschulz KT Xu S Hobbs HH Krieger M 1996 Identification of scavenger receptor SR-BI as a high density lipoprotein receptor Science 271 518 520 8560269
  4. Adorni MP Zimetti F Billheimer JT Wang N Rader DJ Phillips MC Rothblat GH 2007 The roles of different pathways in the release of cholesterol from macrophages J Lipid Res 48 2453 2462 17761631
  5. Ajees AA Anantharamaiah GM Mishra VK Hussain MM Murthy S 2006 Crystal structure of human apolipoprotein A-I: Insights into its protective effect against cardiovascular diseases Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 103 2126 2131 16452169 PMC1413691
  6. Alder-Baerens N Muller P Pohl A Korte T Hamon Y Chimini G Pomorski T Herrmann A 2005 Headgroup-specific exposure of phospholipids in ABCA1-expressing cells J Biol Chem 280 26321 26329 15905177
  7. Andrews AL Atkinson D Barratt MD Finer EG Hauser H Henry R Leslie RB Owens NL Phillips MC Robertson RN 1976 Interaction of apoprotein from porcine high-density lipoprotein with dimyristoyl lecithin. 2 Nature of lipid-protein interaction Eur J Biochem 64 549 563 179816
  8. Ansell BJ Fonarow GC Fogelman AM 2007 The paradox of dysfunctional high-density lipoprotein Curr Opin Lipidol 18 427 434 17620860
  9. Arnulphi C Jin L Tricerri MA Jonas A 2004 Enthalpy-driven apolipoprotein A-I and lipid bilayer interaction indicating protein penetration upon lipid binding Biochemistry 43 12258 12264 15379564
  10. Atkinson D Smith HM Dickson J Austin JP 1976 Interaction of apoprotein from porcine high-density lipoprotein with dimyristoyl lecithin. 1 The structure of the complexes Eur J Biochem 64 541 547 179815
  11. Badellino KO Rader DJ 2004 The role of endothelial lipase in high-density lipoprotein metabolism Curr Opin Lipidol 19 392 395 15218402
  12. Barbier A Clement-Collin V Dergunov AD Visvikis A Siest G Aggerbeck LP 2006 The structure of human apolipoprotein E2, E3 and E4 in solution 1. Tertiary and quaternary structure Biophys Chem 20 158 169 16139946
  13. Barratt MD Badley RA Leslie RB 1974 The interaction of apoprotein from porcine high-density lipoprotein with dimyristoyl phosphatidylcholine Eur J Biochem 48 595 601 4375043
  14. Bausserman LL Herbert PN Forte T Klausner RD McAdam KPWJ Osborne JC Jr Rosseneu M 1983 Interaction of the serum amyloid A proteins with phospholipid J Biol Chem 258 10681 10688 6411718
  15. Behling Agree AK Tricerri MA Arnvig-McGuire K Tian SM Jonas A 2002 Folding and stability of the C-terminal half of apolipoprotein A-I examined with a Cys-specific fluorescence probe Biochim Biophys Acta 1594 286 296 11904224
  16. Braun NA Mohler PJ Weisgraber KH Hasty AH Linton MF Yancey PG Su YR Fazio S Swift LL 2006 Intracellular trafficking of recycling apolipoprotein E in Chinese hamster ovary cells J Lipid Res 47 1176 1186 16534141
  17. Brouillette CG Anantharamaiah GM Engler JA Borhani DW 2001 Structural models of human apolipoprotein A-I: a critical analysis and review Biochim Biophys Acta 1531 4 46 11278170
  18. Brouillette CG Dong WJ Yang ZW Ray MJ Protasevich II Cheung HC Engler JA 2005 Forster resonance energy transfer measurements are consistent with a helical bundle model for lipid-free apolipoprotein A-I Biochemistry 44 16413 16425 16342934
  19. Cai L de Beer MC de Beer FC van der Westhuijzen DR 2005 Serum amyloid A is a ligand for scavenger receptor class B type I and inhibits high density lipoprotein binding and selective lipid uptake J Biol Chem 280 2954 2961 15561721
  20. Chambenoit O Hamon Y Margue D Rigneult H Rosseneu M Chimini G 2001 Specific docking of apolipoprotein A-I at the cell surface requires a functional ABCA1 transporter J Biol Chem 276 9955 9960 11150301
  21. Chau P Nakamura Y Fielding CJ Fielding PE 2006 Mechanism of prebeta-HDL formation and activation Biochemistry 45 3981 3987 16548525
  22. Choy N Raussens V Narayanaswami V 2003 Inter-molecular coiled-coil formation in human apolipoprotein E C-terminal domain J Mol Biol 334 527 539 14623192
  23. Clay MA Newnham HH Barter PJ 1991 Hepatic lipase promotes a loss of apolipoprotein A-I from triglyceride-enriched human high density lipoproteins during incubation in vitro Arterioscler Throm 11 415 422 1900192
  24. Clay MA Pyle DH Rye KA Barter PJ 2000 Formation of spherical, reconstituted high density lipoproteins containing both apolipoproteins A-I and A-II is mediated by lecithin: cholesterol acyltransferase J Biol Chem 275 9019 9025 10722751
  25. Connelly MA Klein SM Azhar S Abumrad NA Williams DL 1999 Comparison of class B scavenger receptors, CD36 and scavenger receptor BI (SR-BI), shows that both receptors mediate high density lipoprotein-cholesteryl ester selective uptake but SR-BI exhibits a unique enhancement of cholesteryl ester uptake J Biol Chem 274 41 47 9867808
  26. Connelly MA Llera-Moya M Monzo P Yancey P Drazul D Stoudt G Fournier N Klein SM Rothblat G Williams DL 2001 Analysis of chimeric receptors shows that multiple distinct functional activities of scavenger receptor, class B, type I (SR-BI), are localized to the extracellular receptor domain Biochemistry 40 5249 5259 11318648
  27. Connelly MA Williams DL 2004 Scavenger receptor BI: A scavenger receptor with a mission to transport high density lipoprotein lipids Curr Opin Lipidol 15 287 295 15166784
  28. Corder EH Saunders AM Strittmatter WJ Schmechel DE Gaskell PC Small GW Roses AD Haines GL Pericak-Vance MA 1993 Gene dose of apolipoprotein E type 4 allele and the risk of Alzheimer’s disease in late onset families Science 261 921 923 8346443
  29. Cuchel M Rader DJ 2006 Macrophage reverse cholesterol transport. Key to the regression of atherosclerosis? Circulation 113 2548 2555 16735689
  30. Davidson WS Arnvig-McGuire K Kennedy A Kosman J Hazlett T Jonas A 1999 Structural organization of the N-terminal domains of apolipoprotein A-I: Studies of tryptophan mutants Biochemistry 38 14387 14395 10572013
  31. Davidson WS Hazlett T Mantulin WM Jonas A 1996 The role of apolipoprotein AI domains in lipid binding Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 93 13605 13610 8942981 PMC19365
  32. Davidson WS Silva RAG 2005 Apolipoprotein structural organization in high density lipoproteins: Belts, bundles, hinges and hairpins Curr Opin Lipidol 16 295 300 15891390
  33. Davidson WS Thompson TB 2007 The structure of apolipoprotein A-I in high density lipoproteins J Biol Chem 282 22249 22253 17526499
  34. Dawson RJP Locher KP 2006 Structure of a bacterial multidrug ABC transporter Nature 443 180 185 16943773
  35. de Beer MC Durbin DM Cai L Jonas A de Beer FC 2001a Apolipoprotein A-I conformation markedly influences HDL interaction with scavenger receptor BI J Lipid Res 42 309 313 11181762
  36. de Beer MC Durbin DM Cai L Mirocha N Jonas A Webb NR de Beer FC van der Westhuyzen DR 2001b Apolipoprotein A-II modulates the binding and selective lipid uptake of reconstituted high density lipoprotein by scavenger receptor BI J Biol Chem 276 15832 15839 11279034
  37. Dean M Hamon Y Chimini G 2001 The human ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter superfamily J Lipid Res 42 1007 1017 11441126
  38. Denis M Landry YD Zha X 2008 ATP-binding cassette A1-mediated lipidation of apolipoprotein A-I occurs at the plasma membrane and not in the endocytic compartments J Biol Chem 283 16178 16186 18385134 PMC3259641
  39. Dietschy JM Turley SD 2001 Cholesterol metabolism in the brain Curr Opin Lipidol 12 105 112 11264981
  40. Dong LM Parkin S Trakhanov SD Rupp B Simmons T Arnold KS Newhouse YM Innerarity TL Weisgraber KH 1996 Novel mechanism for defective receptor binding of apolipoprotein E2 in type III hyperlipoproteinemia Nat Struct Biol 3 718 722 8756331
  41. Dong LM Weisgraber KH 1996 Human apolipoprotein E4 domain interaction. Arginine 61 and glutamic acid 255 interact to direct the preference for very low density lipoproteins J Biol Chem 271 19053 19057 8702576
  42. Dong LM Wilson C Wardell MR Simmons T Mahley RW Weisgraber KH Agard DA 1994 Human apolipoprotein E. Role of arginine 61 in mediating the lipoprotein preferences of the E3 and E4 isoforms J Biol Chem 269 22358 22365 8071364
  43. Donovan JM Benedek GB Carey MC 1987 Self-association of human apolipoproteins A-I and A-II and interactions of apolipoprotein A-I with bile salts: Quasi-elastic light scattering studies Biochemistry 26 8116 8125 3126797
  44. Duong PT Collins HL Nickel M Lund-Katz S Rothblat GH Phillips MC 2006 Characterization of nascent HDL particles and microparticles formed by ABCA1-mediated efflux of cellular lipids to apoA-I J Lipid Res 47 832 843 16418537
  45. Duong PT Weibel GL Lund-Katz S Rothblat GH Phillips MC 2008 Characterization and properties of pre beta-HDL particles formed by ABCA1-mediated cellular lipid efflux to apoA-I J Lipid Res 49 1006 1014 18252847 PMC2311446
  46. Eckhardt ERM Cai L Sun B Webb NR van der Westhuyzen DR 2004 High density lipoprotein uptake by scavenger receptor SR-BII J Biol Chem 279 14372 14381 14726519
  47. Fan D Li Q Korando L Jerome WG Wang J 2004 A monomeric human apolipoprotein E carboxyl-terminal domain Biochemistry 43 5055 5064 15109264
  48. Fang Y Gursky O Atkinson D 2003 Structural studies of N- and C-terminally truncated human apolipoprotein A-I Biochemistry 42 6881 6890 12779343
  49. Faulkner LE Panagotopulos SE Johnson JD Woollett LA Hui DY Witting SR Maiorano JN Davidson WS 2008 An analysis of the role of a retroendocytosis pathway in ABCA1-mediated cholesterol efflux from macrophages J Lipid Res 49 1322 1332 18359958 PMC3837451
  50. Fazio S Linton MF Swift LL 2000 The cell biology and physiologic relevance of apoE recycling Trends Cardiovasc Med 10 23 30 11150725
  51. Fenske SA Yesilaltay A Pal R Daniels K Rigotti A Krieger M Kocher O 2008 Overexpression of the PDZ1 domain of PDZK1 blocks the activity of hepatic scavenger receptor, class B, type I (SR-BI) by altering its abundance and cellular localization J Biol Chem 283 22097 22104 18544532 PMC2494912
  52. Fielding CJ Fielding PE 1995 Molecular physiology of reverse cholesterol transport J Lipid Res 36 211 228 7751809
  53. Fisher CA Ryan RO 1999 Lipid binding-induced conformational changes in the N-terminal domain of human apolipoprotein E J Lipid Res 40 93 99 9869654
  54. Fitzgerald ML Morris AL Rhee JS Andersson LP Mendez AJ Freeman MW 2002 Naturally occurring mutations in the largest extracellular loops of ABCA1 can disrupt its direct interaction with apolipoprotein A-I J Biol Chem 277 33178 33187 12084722
  55. Forte TM Nichols AV Gong EL Lux S Levy RI 1971 Electron microscopic study on reassembly of plasma high density apoprotein with various lipids Biochim Biophys Acta 248 381 386 5167106
  56. Frank PG Marcel YL 2000 Apolipoprotein A-I: Structure-function relationships J Lipid Res 41 853 872 10828078
  57. Gazzara JA Phillips MC Lund-Katz S Palgunachari MN Segrest JP Anantharamaiah GM Snow JW 1997 Interaction of class A amphipathic helical peptides with phospholipid unilamellar vesicles J Lipid Res 38 2134 2146 9374135
  58. Gelissen IC Harris M Rye KA Quinn C Brown AJ Kockx M Cartland S Packianathan M Kritharides L Jessup W 2008 ABCA1 and ABCG1 synergize to mediate cholesterol export to apoA-I Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 26 534 540 16357317
  59. Getz GS Reardon CA 2009 Apoprotein E as a lipid transport and signaling protein in the blood, liver, and artery wall J Lipid Res 50 S156 S161 19018038 PMC2674757
  60. Gillotte KL Davidson WS Lund-Katz S Rothblat GH Phillips MC 1998 Removal of cellular cholesterol by pre-beta-HDL involves plasma membrane microsolubilization J Lipid Res 39 1918 1928 9788238
  61. Gillotte KL Zaiou M Lund-Katz S Anantharamaiah GM Holvoet P Dhoest A Palgunachari MN Segrest JP Weisgraber KH Rothblat GH Phillips MC 1999 Apolipoprotein-mediated plasma membrane microsolubilization J Biol Chem 274 2021 2028 9890960
  62. Gillotte-Taylor KL Nickel M Johnson WJ Francone O Holvoet P Lund-Katz S Rothblat GH Phillips MC 2002 Effects of enrichment of fibroblasts with unesterified cholesterol on the efflux of cellular lipids to apolipoprotein A-I J Biol Chem 277 11811 11820 11805090
  63. Gong E Tan CS Shoukry MI Rubin EM Nichols AV 1994 Structural and functional properties of human and mouse apolipoprotein A-I Biochim Biophys Acta 1213 335 342 8049247
  64. Gu X Kozarsky K Krieger M 2000 Scavenger receptor class B, type I-mediated [3-H]cholesterol efflux to high and low density lipoproteins is dependent on lipoprotein binding to the receptor J Biol Chem 275 29993 30001 11001950
  65. Gu X Trigatti B Xu S Acton S Babitt J Krieger M 1998 The efficient cellular uptake of high density lipoprotein lipid via scavenger receptor class B type I requires not only receptor-mediated surface binding but also receptor-specific lipid transfer mediated by its extracellular domain J Biol Chem 273 26338 26348 9756864
  66. Gursky O Atkinson D 1996 Thermal unfolding of human high-density apolipoprotein A-I: implications for a lipid-free molten globular state Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 93 2991 2995 8610156 PMC39748
  67. Harder CJ Vassiliou G McBride HM McPherson R 2006 Hepatic SR-BI-mediated cholesteryl ester selective uptake occurs with unaltered efficiency in the absence of cellular energy J Lipid Res 47 492 503 16339112
  68. Hasty AH Plummer MR Weisgraber KH Linton MF Fazio S Swift LL 2005 The recycling of apolipoprotein E in macrophages: influence of HDL and apolipoprotein A-I J Lipid Res 46 1433 1439 15805547
  69. Hatters DM Budamagunta MS Voss JC Weisgraber KH 2005 Modulation of apolipoprotein E structure by domain interaction. Differences in lipid-bound and lipid-free forms J Biol Chem 280 34288 34295 16076841
  70. Hatters DM Voss JC Budamagunta MS Newhouse YN Weisgraber KH 2009 Insight on the molecular envelope of lipid-bound apolipoprotein E from electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy J Mol Biol 386 261 271 19124026 PMC2665048
  71. Hauser H Henry R Leslie RB Stubbs JM 1974 The interaction of apoprotein from porcine high-density lipoprotein with dimyristoyl phosphatidylcholine Eur J Biochem 48 583 594 4375042
  72. Heeren J Beisiegel U Grewal T 2006 Apolipoprotein E recycling. Implications for dyslipidemia and atherosclerosis Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 26 442 448 16373604
  73. Hirz R Scanu AM 1970 Reassembly in vitro of a serum high-density lipoprotein Biochim Biophys Acta 207 364 367 4989610
  74. Homanics GE de Silva HV Osada J Zhang SH Wong H Borensztajn J Maeda N 1995 Mild dyslipidemia in mice following targeted inactivation of the hepatic lipase gene J Biol Chem 270 2974 2980 7852377
  75. Huang ZH Fitzgerald ML Mazzone T 2006 Distinct cellular loci for the ABCA1-dependent and ABCA1-independent lipid efflux mediated by endogenous apolipoprotein E expression Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 26 157 162 16254198
  76. Huuskonen J Olkkonen VM Jauhiainen M Ehnholm C 2001 The impact of phospholipid transfer protein (PLTP) on HDL metabolism Atherosclerosis 155 269 281 11254896
  77. Innerarity TL Pitas RE Mahley RW 1979 Binding of arginine-rich (E) apoprotein after recombination with phospholipid vesicles to the low density lipoprotein receptors of fibroblasts J Biol Chem 254 4186 4190 220235
  78. Jahangiri A de Beer MC Noffsinger V Tannock LR Ramaiah C Webb NR van der Westhuijzen DR de Beer FC 2009 HDL remodeling during the acute phase response Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 29 261 267 19008529 PMC2760005
  79. Jahangiri A Rader DJ Marchadier D Curtiss LK Bonnet DJ Rye KA 2005 Evidence that endothelial lipase remodels high density lipoproteins without mediating the dissociation of apolipoprotein A-I J Lipid Res 46 896 903 15687350
  80. Jaye M Krawiec J 2004 Endothelial lipase and HDL metabolism Curr Opin Lipidol 15 183 189 15017361
  81. Jessup W Gelissen IC Gaus K Kritharides L 2006 Roles of ATP binding cassette transporters A1 and G1, scavenger receptor BI and membrane lipid domains in cholesterol export from macrophages Curr Opin Lipidol 17 247 257 16680029
  82. Ji Y Jian B Wang N Sun Y Llera Moya M Phillips MC Rothblat GH Swaney JB Tall AR 1997 Scavenger receptor BI promotes high density lipoprotein-mediated cellular cholesterol efflux J Biol Chem 272 20982 20985 9261096
  83. Jian B Llera-Moya M Ji Y Wang N Phillips MC Swaney JB Tall AR Rothblat GH 1998 Scavenger receptor class B type I as a mediator of cellular cholesterol efflux to lipoproteins and phospholipid acceptors J Biol Chem 273 5599 5606 9488688
  84. Jonas A Rosseneu M 1992 Lipid-binding properties of apolipoproteins Structure and Function of Apolipoproteins CRC Press Boca Raton 217 250
  85. Jonas A 2000 Lecithin cholesterol acyltransferase Biochim Biophys Acta 1529 245 256 11111093
  86. Jonas A Drengler SM 1980 Kinetics and mechanism of apolipoprotein A-I interaction with L-alpha-dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine vesicles J Biol Chem 255 2190 2194 7354087
  87. Jonas A Drengler SM Patterson BW 1980 Two types of complexes formed by the interaction of apolipoprotein A-I with vesicles of L-alpha-dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine J Biol Chem 255 2183 2189 7354086
  88. Jonas A Krajnovich DJ Patterson BW 1977 Physical properties of isolated complexes of human and bovine A-I apolipoproteins with L-alpha-dimyristoyl phosphatidylcholine J Biol Chem 252 2200 2205 191456
  89. Jonas A Phillips MC Vance DE Vance JE 2008 Lipoprotein Structure Biochemistry of Lipids, Lipoproteins and Membranes 5 Elsevier 485 506
  90. Kellner-Weibel G Llera-Moya M Connelly MA Stoudt G Christian AE Haynes MP Williams DL Rothblat GH 2000 Expression of scavenger receptor BI in COS-7 cells alters cholesterol content and distribution Biochemistry 39 221 229 10625497
  91. Kim WS Rahmanto AS Kamili A Rye KA Guillemin GJ Gelissen IC Jessup W Hill AF Garner B 2006 Role of ABCG1 and ABCA1 in regulation of neuronal cholesterol efflux to apolipoprotein-E discs and suppression of amyloid-β peptide generation J Biol Chem 282 2851 2861 17121837
  92. Kiss RS Kay CM Ryan RO 1999 Amphipathic alpha-helix bundle organization of lipid-free chicken apolipoprotein A-I Biochemistry 38 4327 4334 10194351
  93. Kockx M Jessup W Kritharides L 2008 Regulation of endogenous apolipoprotein E secretion by macrophages Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 28 1060 1067 18388328
  94. Kockx M Rye KA Gaus K Quinn CM Wright J Sloane T Sviridov D Fu Y Sullivan D Burnett JR Rust S Assmann G Anantharamaiah GM Palgunachari MN Lund-Katz S Phillips MC Dean RT Jessup W Kritharides L 2004 Apolipoprotein AI-simulated apolipoprotein E secretion from human macrophages is independent of cholesterol efflux J Biol Chem 279 25966 25977 15066991
  95. Kono M Okumura Y Tanaka M Nguyen D Dhanasekaran P Lund-Katz S Phillips MC Saito H 2008 Conformational flexibility of the N-terminal domain of apolipoprotein A-I bound to spherical lipid particles Biochemistry 47 11340 11347 18831538 PMC2667695
  96. Kontush A Chapman MJ 2006 Functionally defective high-density lipoprotein: A new therapeutic target at the crossroads of dyslipidemia, inflammation, and atherosclerosis Pharmacol Rev 58 342 374 16968945
  97. Krimbou L Denis M Haidar B Carrier M Marcil M Genest J Jr 2004 Molecular interactions between apoE and ABCA1: impact on apoE lipidation J Lipid Res 45 839 848 14754908
  98. Krimbou L Marcil M Genest J 2006 New insights into the biogenesis of human high-density lipoprotein Curr Opin Lipidol 17 257 267 16680030
  99. Kruski AW Scanu AM 1974 Interaction of human serum high density lipoprotein apoprotein with phospholipids Chem Phys Lipids 13 27 48 4370117
  100. LaDu MJ Reardon C Van Eldick L Fagan LM Bu G Holtzman D Getz GS 2000 Lipoproteins in the central nervous system Ann NY Acad Sci 903 167 175 10818504
  101. Lee JY Parks JS 2005 ATP-binding cassette transporter AI and its role in HDL formation Curr Opin Lipidol 16 19 25 15650559
  102. Li L Chen J Mishra VK Kurtz JA Cao D Klon AE Harvey SC Anantharamaiah GM Segrest JP 2004 Double belt structure of discoidal high density lipoproteins: Molecular basis for size heterogeneity J Mol Biol 343 1293 1311 15491614
  103. Li W Tanimura M Luo C Datta S Chan L 1988 The apolipoprotein multigene family: biosynthesis, structure, structure-function relationships, and evolution J Lipid Res 29 245 271 3288703
  104. Liang JS Schreiber BM Salmona M Phillip G Gonnerman WA de Beer FC Sipe JD 1996 Amino terminal region of acute phase, but not constitutive, serum amyloid A (apoSAA) specifically binds and transports cholesterol into aortic smooth muscle and HepG2 cells J Lipid Res 37 2109 2116 8906588
  105. Liang JS Sipe JD 1995 Recombinant human serum amyloid A (apoSSAp) binds cholesterol and modulates cholesterol flux J Lipid Res 36 37 46 7706946
  106. Liu B Krieger M 2002 Highly purified scavenger receptor class B, type I reconstituted into phosphatidylcholine/cholesterol liposomes mediates high affinity high density lipoprotein binding and selective lipid uptake J Biol Chem 277 34125 34135 12110672
  107. Liu L Bortnick AE Nickel M Dhanasekaran P Subbaiah PV Lund-Katz S Rothblat GH Phillips MC 2003 Effects of apolipoprotein A-I on ATP-binding cassette transporter A1-mediated efflux of macrophage phospholipid and cholesterol J Biol Chem 278 42976 42984 12928428
  108. Liu T Krieger M Kan HY Zannis VI 2002 The effects of mutations in helices 4 and 6 of apo A-I on SR-BI-mediated cholesterol efflux suggest that formation of a productive complex between reconstituted HDL and SR-BI is required for efficient lipid transport J Biol Chem 277 21576 21584 11882653
  109. Llera-Moya M Rothblat GH Connelly MA Kellner-Weibel G Sakr SW Phillips MC Williams DL 1999 Scavenger receptor BI (SR-BI) mediates free cholesterol flux independently of HDL tethering to the cell surface J Lipid Res 40 575 580 10064746
  110. Lu B Morrow JA Weisgraber KH 2000 Conformational reorganization of the four-helix bundle of human apolipoprotein E in binding to phospholipid J Biol Chem 275 20775 20781 10801877
  111. Lu R Arakawa R Ito-Osumi C Iwamoto N Yokoyama S 2008 ApoA-I facilitates ABCA1 recycle/accumulation to cell surface by inhibiting its intracellular degradation and increases HDL generation Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 28 1820 1824 18617649
  112. Lund-Katz S Liu L Thuahnai ST Phillips MC 2003 High density lipoprotein structure Frontiers in Bioscience 8 d1044 d1054 12700101
  113. Lux SE Hirz R Shrager RI Gotto AM 1972 The influence of lipid on the conformation of human plasma high density apolipoproteins J Biol Chem 247 2598 2606 4336379
  114. Mahley RW 1988 Apolipoprotein E: Cholesterol transport protein with expanding role in cell biology Science 240 622 630 3283935
  115. Mahley RW Huang Y 1999 Apolipoprotein E: From atherosclerosis to Alzheimer’s disease and beyond Curr Opin Lipidol 10 207 217 10431657
  116. Mahley RW Huang Y Rall SC 1999 Pathogenesis of type III hyperlipoproteinemia (dysbetalipoproteinemia): Questions, quandaries, and paradoxes J Lipid Res 40 1933 1949 10552997
  117. Mahley RW Huang Y Weisgraber KH 2006 Putting cholesterol in its place: apoE and reverse cholesterol transport J Clin Invest 116 1226 1229 16670767 PMC1451226
  118. Mahley RW Rall J Scriver CR 1995 Type III hyperlipoproteinemia (dysbetalipoproteinemia): The role of apolipoprotein E in normal and abnormal lipoprotein metabolism The Metabolic and Molecular Bases of Inherited Disease 7 McGraw-Hill, Inc New York 1953 1980
  119. Marcel YL Ouimet M Wang MD 2008 Regulation of cholesterol efflux from macrophages Curr Opin Lipidol 19 455 461 18769226
  120. Marsche G Frank S Raynes JG Kozarsky KF Sattler W Malle E 2007 The lipidation status of acute-phase protein serum amyloid A determines cholesterol mobilization via scavenger receptor class B, type I Biochem J 402 117 124 17034364 PMC1783981
  121. Massey JB Gotto AMJ Pownall HJ 1979 Contribution of α helix formation in human plasma apolipoproteins to their enthalpy of association with phospholipids J Biol Chem 254 9359 9361 226521
  122. Massey JB Pownall HJ 2008 Cholesterol is a determinant of the structures of discoidal high density lipoproteins formed by the solubilization of phospholipid membranes by apolipoprotein A-I Biochim Biophys Acta 1781 245 253 18406360 PMC2447930
  123. Masson D Jiang XC Lagrost L Tall AR 2009 The role of plasma lipid transfer proteins in lipoprotein metabolism and atherogenesis J Lipid Res 50 S201 S206 19023137 PMC2674750
  124. Morrow JA Segall ML Lund-Katz S Phillips MC Knapp M Rupp B Weisgraber KH 2000 Differences in stability among the human apolipoprotein E isoforms determined by the amino-terminal domain Biochemistry 39 11657 11666 10995233
  125. Narayanaswami V Maiorano JN Dhanasekaran P Ryan RO Phillips MC Lund-Katz S Davidson WS 2004 Helix orientation of the functional domains in apolipoprotein E in discoidal high density lipoprotein particles J Biol Chem 279 14273 14279 14739281
  126. Narayanaswami V Ryan RO 2000 Molecular basis of exchangeable apolipoprotein function Biochim Biophys Acta 1483 15 36 10601693
  127. Narayanaswami V Szeto SS Ryan RO 2001 Lipid association-induced N- and C-terminal domain reorganization in human apolipoprotein E3 J Biol Chem 276 37853 37860 11483594
  128. Neufeld EB Remaley AT Demosky SJ Stonik JA Cooney A Comly M Dwyer NK Zhang M Blanchette-Mackie EJ Santamarina-Fojo S Brewer HBJ 2001 Cellular localization and trafficking of the human ABCA1 transporter J Biol Chem 276 27584 27590 11349133
  129. Nguyen D Dhanasekaran P Phillips MC Lund-Katz S 2009 Molecular mechanism of apolipoprotein E binding to lipoprotein particles Biochemistry 48 3025 3032 19209940 PMC2765560
  130. Nieland TJ Ehrlich M Krieger M Kirchhausen T 2005 Endocytosis is not required for the selective lipid uptake mediated by murine SR-BI Biochim Biophys Acta 1734 44 51 15866482
  131. O’Brien KD Chait A 2006 Serum amyloid A: The other inflammatory protein Curr Athero Rep 8 62 68 16455016
  132. Oda MN Forte TM Ryan RO Voss JC 2003 The C-terminal domain of apolipoprotein A-I contains a lipid-sensitive conformational trigger Nat Struct Biol 10 455 460 12754494
  133. Oram JF 2000 Tangier Disease and ABCA1 Biochim Biophys Acta 1529 321 330 11111099
  134. Oram JF Heinecke JW 2005 ATP-binding cassette transporter A1: A cell cholesterol exporter that protects against cardiovascular disease Physiol Rev 85 1343 1372 16183915
  135. Oram JF Lawn RM Garvin MR Wade DP 2000 ABCA1 is the cAMP-inducible apolipoprotein receptor that mediates cholesterol secretion from macrophages J Biol Chem 275 34508 34511 10918070
  136. Palgunachari MN Mishra VK Lund-Katz S Phillips MC Adeyeye SO Alluri S Anantharamaiah GM Segrest JP 1996 Only the two end helixes of eight tandem amphipathic helical domains of human apo A-I have significant lipid affinity Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 16 328 338 8620350
  137. Perugini MA Schuck P Howlett GJ 2000 Self-association of human apolipoprotein E3 and E4 in the presence and absence of phospholipid J Biol Chem 275 36758 36765 10970893
  138. Peters-Libeu CA Newhouse Y Hall SC Witkowska HE Weisgraber KH 2007 Apolipoprotein E dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine particles are ellipsoidal in solution J Lipid Res 48 1035 1044 17308333
  139. Peters-Libeu CA Newhouse Y Hatters DM Weisgraber KH 2006 Model of biologically active apolipoprotein E bound to dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine J Biol Chem 281 1073 1079 16278220
  140. Phillips MC Johnson WJ Rothblat GH 1987 Mechanisms and consequences of cellular cholesterol exchange and transfer Biochim Biophys Acta 906 223 276 3297153
  141. Pitas RE Boyles JK Lee SH Hui D Weisgraber KH 1987 Lipoproteins and their receptors in the central nervous system J Biol Chem 262 14352 14360 3115992
  142. Pittman RC Knecht TP Rosenbaum MS Taylor CA Jr 1987 A nonendocytotic mechanism for the selective uptake of high density lipoprotein-associated cholesteryl esters J Biol Chem 262 2443 2450 2434485
  143. Pownall H Pao Q Hickson D Sparrow JT Kusserow SK Massey JB 1981 Kinetics and mechanism of association of human plasma apolipoproteins with dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine: Effect of protein structure and lipid clusters on reaction rates Biochemistry 20 6630 6635 7306528
  144. Pownall HJ 2006 Detergent-mediated phospholipidation of plasma lipoproteins increases HDL cholesterophilicity and cholesterol efflux via SR-BI Biochemistry 45 11514 11522 16981711 PMC2556864
  145. Pownall HJ Ehnholm C 2006 The unique role apolipoprotein A-I in HDL remodeling and metabolism Curr Opin Lipidol 17 209 213 16680023
  146. Pownall HJ Massey JB Kusserow SK Gotto AM 1978 Kinetics of lipid-protein interactions: interaction of apolipoprotein A-I from human plasma high density lipoproteins with phosphatidylcholine Biochemistry 17 1183 1188 207309
  147. Pownall HJ Massey JB Kusserow SK Gotto AM Jr 1979 Kinetics of lipid-protein interactions: Effect of cholesterol on the association of human plasma high-density apolipoprotein A-I with L-alpha-dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine Biochemistry 18 574 579 217418
  148. Pownall HJ Massey JB Sparrow JT Gotto AM Gotto AM 1987 Lipid-protein interactions and lipoprotein reassembly Plasma Lipoproteins Elsevier Science Publishers B.V Amsterdam 95 127
  149. Qiu X Mistry A Ammirati MJ Chrunyk BA Clark RW Cong Y Culp JS Danley DE Freeman TB Goeghegan KF Griffor MC Hawrylik SJ Hayward CM Hensley P Hoth LR Karma GA Lira ME Lloyd DB McGrath KM Stutzman-Engwall KJ Subashi AK Subashi TA Thompson JF Wang IK Zhao H Seddon AP 2007 Crystal structure of cholesteryl ester transfer protein reveals a long tunnel and four bound lipid molecules Nat Struct Mol Biol 14 106 113 17237796
  150. Raussens V Fisher CA Goormaghtigh E Ryan RO Ruysschaert JM 1998 The low density lipoprotein receptor active conformation of apolipoprotein E J Biol Chem 273 25825 25830 9748256
  151. Reijngoud DJ Phillips MC 1982 Mechanism of dissociation of human apolipoprotein AI from complexes with dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine as studied by guanidine hydrochloride denaturation Biochemistry 21 2969 2976 6809042
  152. Remaley AT Thomas F Stonik JA Demosky SJ Bark SE Neufeld EB Bocharov AV Vishnyakova TG Patterson AP Eggerman TL Santamarina-Fojo S Brewer BH 2003 Synthetic amphipathic helical peptides promote lipid efflux from cells by an ABCA1-dependent and an ABCA1-independent pathway J Lipid Res 44 828 836 12562845
  153. Rigotti A Trigatti B Penman M Rayburn H Herz J Krieger M 1997 A targeted mutation in the murine gene encoding the high density lipoprotein (HDL) receptor scavenger receptor class B type I reveals its key role in HDL metabolism Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 94 12610 12615 9356497 PMC25055
  154. Roberts LM Ray MJ Shih TW Hayden E Reader MM Brouillette CG 1997 Structural analysis of apolipoprotein A-I: limited proteolysis of methionine-reduced and -oxidized lipid-free and lipid-bound human apoA-I Biochemistry 36 7615 7624 9200714
  155. Rodrigueza WV Thuahnai ST Temel RE Lund-Katz S Phillips MC Williams DL 1999 Mechanism of scavenger receptor class B type I-mediated selective uptake of cholesteryl esters from high density lipoprotein to adrenal cells J Biol Chem 274 20344 20350 10400657
  156. Rogers DP Roberts L Lebowitz J Datta G Anantharamaiah GM Engler JA Brouillette CG 1998 The lipid-free structure of apolipoprotein A-I: Effects of amino-terminal deletions Biochemistry 37 11714 11725 9718294
  157. Roosbeek S Vanloo B Duverger N Caster H Breyne J De Beun I Patel H Vandekerckhove J Shoulders C Rosseneu M Peelman F 2001 Three arginine residues in apolipoprotein A-I are critical for activation of lecithin: cholesterol acyltransferase J Lipid Res 42 31 40 11160363
  158. Roses AD 1996 Apolipoprotein E alleles as risk factors in Alzheimer’s disease Ann Rev Med 47 387 400 8712790
  159. Rothblat GH Bamberger M Phillips MC 1986 Reverse cholesterol transport Meth Enzymol 129 628 644 3523160
  160. Rye KA Barter PJ 2004 Formation and metabolism of prebeta-migrating, lipid-poor apolipoprotein A-I Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 24 421 428 14592845
  161. Rye KA Hime NJ Barter PJ 1997 Evidence that cholesteryl ester transfer protein-mediated reductions in reconstituted high density lipoprotein size involve particle fusion J Biol Chem 272 3953 3960 9020099
  162. Rye KA Wee K Curtiss LK Bonnet DJ Barter PJ 2008 Apolipoprotein A-II inhibits high density lipoprotein remodeling and lipid-poor apolipoprotein A-I formation J Biol Chem 278 22530 22536 12690114
  163. Sahoo D Darlington YF Pop D Williams DL Connelly MA 2007 Scavenger receptor class B type I (SR-BI) assembles into detergent-sensitive dimers and tetramers Biochim Biophys Acta 1771 807 817 16624615
  164. Saito H Dhanasekaran P Baldwin F Weisgraber KH Phillips MC Lund-Katz S 2003a Effects of polymorphism on the lipid interaction of human apolipoprotein E J Biol Chem 278 40723 40729 12917433
  165. Saito H Dhanasekaran P Nguyen D Deridder E Holvoet P Lund-Katz S Phillips MC 2004a Alpha-helix formation is required for high affinity binding of human apolipoprotein A-I to lipids J Biol Chem 279 20974 20981 15020600
  166. Saito H Dhanasekaran P Nguyen D Holvoet P Lund-Katz S Phillips MC 2003b Domain structure and lipid interaction in human apolipoproteins A-I and E: A general model J Biol Chem 278 23227 23232 12709430
  167. Saito H Lund-Katz S Phillips MC 2004b Contributions of domain structure and lipid interaction to the functionality of exchangeable human apolipoproteins Progress in Lipid Research 43 350 380 15234552
  168. Saito H Miyako Y Handa T Miyajima K 1997 Effect of cholesterol on apolipoprotein A-I binding to lipid bilayers and emulsions J Lipid Res 38 287 294 9162748
  169. Sakamoto T Tanaka M Vedhachalam C Nickel M Nguyen D Dhanasekaran P Phillips MC Lund-Katz S Saito H 2008 Contributions of the carboxyl-terminal helical segment to the self-association and lipoprotein preferences of human apolipoprotein E3 and E4 isoforms Biochemistry 47 2968 2977 18201068 PMC2692928
  170. Santamarina-Fojo S Lambert G Hoeg JM Brewer HBJ 2000 Lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase: role in lipoprotein metabolism, reverse cholesterol transport and atherosclerosis Curr Opin Lipidol 11 267 275 10882342
  171. Scanu A 1967 Binding of human serum high density lipoprotein apoprotein with aqueous dispersions of phospholipids J Biol Chem 242 711 719 6017739
  172. Schneeweis LA Koppaka V Lund-Katz S Phillips MC Axelsen PH 2005 Structural analysis of lipoprotein E particles Biochemistry 44 12525 12534 16156664
  173. Segall ML Dhanasekaran P Baldwin F Anantharamaiah GM Weisgraber K Phillips MC Lund-Katz S 2002 Influence of apoE domain structure and polymorphism on the kinetics of phospholipid vesicle solubilization J Lipid Res 43 1688 1700 12364553
  174. Segrest JP Garber DW Brouillette CG Harvey SC Anantharamaiah GM 1994 The amphipathic alpha-helix: a multifunctional structural motif in plasma apolipoproteins Adv Protein Chem 45 303 369 8154372
  175. Segrest JP Jones MK De Loof H Brouillette CG Venkatachalapathi YV Anantharamaiah GM 1992 The amphipathic helix in the exchangeable apolipoproteins: a review of secondary structure and function J Lipid Res 33 141 166 1569369
  176. Segrest JP Jones MK Klon AE Sheldahl CJ Hellinger M DeLoof H Harvey SC 1999 A detailed molecular belt model for apolipoprotein A-I in discoidal high density lipoprotein J Biol Chem 274 31755 31758 10542194
  177. Segrest JP Pownall HJ Jackson RL Glenner GG Pollock PS 1976 Amyloid A: Amphipathic helixes and lipid binding Biochemistry 15 3187 3191 952852
  178. Settasatian N Duong M Curtiss LK Ehnholm C Jauhianinen M Huuskonen J Rye KA 2001 The mechanism of the remodeling of high density lipoproteins by phospholipid transfer protein J Biol Chem 276 26898 26905 11325961
  179. Silva RAG Hilliard GM Fang J Macha S Davidson WS 2005 A three-dimensional molecular model of lipid-free apolipoprotein A-I determined by cross-linking/mass spectrometry and sequence tracking Biochemistry 44 2759 2769 15723520
  180. Silva RAG Huang R Morris J Fang J Gracheva EO Ren G Kontush A Jerome WG Rye KA Davidson WS 2008 Structure of apolipoprotein A-I in spherical high density lipoproteins of different sizes Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 105 12176 12181 18719128 PMC2527885
  181. Sivashanmugam A Wang J 2009 A unified scheme for initiation and conformational adaptation of human apolipoprotein E N-terminal domain upon lipoprotein-binding and for receptor-binding activity J Biol Chem 284 14657 14666 19307174 PMC2682913
  182. Sorci-Thomas M Thomas MJ 2002 The effects of altered apolipoprotein A-I structure on plasma HDL concentration Trends Cardiovasc Med 12 121 128 12007737
  183. Sparks DL Davidson WS Lund-Katz S Phillips MC 1995 Effects of the neutral lipid content of high density lipoprotein on apolipoprotein A-I structure and particle stability J Biol Chem 270 26910 26917 7592936
  184. Stevens FJ 2004 Hypothetical structure of human serum amyloid A protein Amyloid J Protein Folding Disord 11 71 80 15478462
  185. Stonik JA Remaley AT Demosky SJ Neufeld EB Bocharov A Brewer HB 2004 Serum amyloid A promotes ABCA1-dependent and ABCA1-independent lipid efflux from cells Biochem Biophys Res Commun 321 936 941 15358117
  186. Tall AR Small DM Deckelbaum RJ Shipley GG 1977 Structure and thermodynamic properties of high density lipoprotein recombinants J Biol Chem 252 4701 4711 194891
  187. Tam SP Flexman A Hulme J Kisilevsky R 2002 Promoting export of macrophage cholesterol: the physiological role of a major acute-phase protein, serum amyloid A 2.1 J Lipid Res 43 1410 1420 12235172
  188. Tanaka M Koyama M Dhanasekaran P Nguyen D Nickel M Lund-Katz S Saito H Phillips MC 2008 Influence of tertiary structure domain properties on the functionality of apolipoprotein A-I Biochemistry 47 2172 2180 18205410
  189. Thomas MJ Bhat S Sorci-Thomas MG 2006 The use of chemical cross-linking and mass spectrometry to elucidate the tertiary conformation of lipid-bound apolipoprotein A-I Curr Opin Lipidol 17 214 220 16680024
  190. Thomas MJ Bhat S Sorci-Thomas MG 2008 Three-dimensional models of HDL apoA-I: Implications for its assembly and function J Lipid Res 49 1875 1883 18515783 PMC2515525
  191. Thuahnai ST Lund-Katz S Anantharamaiah GM Williams DL Phillips MC 2003 A quantitative analysis of apolipoprotein binding to scavenger receptor class B, type I (SR-BI): multiple binding sites for lipid-free and lipid-associated apolipoproteins J Lipid Res 44 1132 1142 12671027
  192. Thuahnai ST Lund-Katz S Dhanasekaran P Llera-Moya M Connelly MA Williams DL Rothblat GH Phillips MC 2004 SR-BI-mediated cholesteryl ester selective uptake and efflux of unesterified cholesterol: Influence of HDL size and structure J Biol Chem 279 12448 12455 14718538
  193. Thuahnai ST Lund-Katz S Williams DL Phillips MC 2001 Scavenger receptor class B, type I-mediated uptake of various lipids into cells J Biol Chem 276 43801 43808 11564739
  194. Thuren T 2000 Hepatic lipase and HDL metabolism Curr Opin Lipidol 11 277 283 10882343
  195. Tricerri MA Behling Agree AK Sanchez SA Jonas A 2000 Characterization of apolipoprotein A-I structure using a cysteine-specific fluorescence probe Biochemistry 39 14682 14691 11087425
  196. Trigatti B Rayburn H Vinals M Braun A Miettinen H Penman M Hertz M Schrenzel M Amigo L Rigotti A Krieger M 1999 Influence of the high density lipoprotein receptor SR-BI on reproductive and cardiovascular pathophysiology Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 96 9322 9327 10430941 PMC17781
  197. Trigatti BL Krieger M Rigotti A 2003 Influence of the HDL receptor SR-BI on lipoprotein metabolism and atherosclerosis Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 23 1732 1738 12920050
  198. van der Westhuijzen DR de Beer FC Webb NR 2007 HDL cholesterol transport during inflammation Curr Opin Lipidol 18 147 151 17353662
  199. van Eck M Pennings M Hoekstra M Out R Van Berkel TJC 2005 Scavenger receptor BI and ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 in reverse cholesterol transport and atherosclerosis Curr Opin Lipidol 16 307 315 15891392
  200. Van Tol A 2002 Phospholipid transfer protein Curr Opin Lipidol 13 135 139 11891415

200 of 223 shown

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Authors
Lund-Katz, S., & Phillips, M. C.
Affiliations
Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (US)
Corresponding author
Phillips, Michael C.
ORCID
Phillips, Michael C.
Venue
Subcellular Biochemistry
Publisher
Springer Netherlands
Published
2010
Volume
51
Pages
183-227
ISSN
0306-0225 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1007/978-90-481-8622-8_7
PMC
PMC3215094
OpenAlex
W151905713
Cited by
262
References
16
Citations by year
2026: 8 · 2025: 12 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 16 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 19 · 2020: 22 · 2019: 18 · 2018: 17 · 2017: 11 · 2016: 15 · 2015: 19 · 2014: 19 · 2013: 18 · 2012: 19
FWCI
186.37
Type
book chapter
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Sub-cellular biochemistry/Subcellular biochemistry (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (HL22633, R01HL056083, HL-56083, P01HL022633)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Cholesterol and Lipid Metabolism
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Lipoproteins and Cardiovascular Health
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Lipid Membrane Structure and Behavior
Keywords
high-density lipoprotein, reverse cholesterol transport, apolipoprotein A-I, apolipoprotein E, HDL structure, protein conformational change, lipid binding, ABCA1, HDL biogenesis, scavenger receptor class B type I, lipase, lipid transfer proteins, phospholipid efflux
MeSH terms
Serum Amyloid A Protein, Animals, Apolipoproteins E, Biological Transport, Cholesterol, Humans, Inflammation, Lipoproteins, HDL, Cholesterol, HDL, Models, Molecular, Protein Conformation, Solubility, Apolipoprotein A-I, Protein Structure, Tertiary, Receptors, Lipoprotein, ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters, Protein Structure, Quaternary, ATP Binding Cassette Transporter 1

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review