Epigenetics in health and disease
Abstract
Epigenetic mechanisms, which include DNA methylation, histone modification, and microRNA (miRNA), can produce heritable phenotypic changes without a change in DNA sequence. Disruption of gene expression patterns which are governed by epigenetics can result in autoimmune diseases, cancers, and various other maladies. Mechanisms of epigenetics include DNA methylation (and demethylation), histone modifications, and non-coding RNAs such as microRNAs. Compared to numerous studies that have focused on the field of genetics, research on epigenetics is fairly recent. In contrast to genetic changes, which are difficult to reverse, epigenetic aberrations can be pharmaceutically reversible. The emerging tools of epigenetics can be used as preventive, diagnostic, and therapeutic markers. With the development of drugs that target the specific epigenetic mechanisms involved in the regulation of gene expression, development and utilization of epigenetic tools are an appropriate and effective approach that can be clinically applied to the treatment of various diseases.
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Hepatitis B virus HBx protein can deregulate host miRNA profiles, contributing to increased viral load and improved persistence.
“The hepatitis B virus HBx protein can deregulate host miRNA profiles, contributing to increased viral load and improved persistence.”
From Revisiting Epigenetics Fundamentals and Its Biomedical Implications (2024) · cites this paper as [84]
Pathogen-associated molecular patterns of fungi, viruses, bacteria, and protozoa can alter the epigenetic landscape of immune cells engaged in the recognition of host pathogens.
“An example of the above occurs with the pathogen-associated molecular patterns of fungi, viruses, bacteria, and protozoa that can alter the epigenetic landscape of immune cells engaged in the recognition of host pathogens.”
From Revisiting Epigenetics Fundamentals and Its Biomedical Implications (2024) · cites this paper as [84]
Epigenetic modification mechanisms act to modulate gene expression in different molecular processes of the cell, can be stochastic or induced by the environment, and are reversible and transmissible between generations of cells.
“Altogether, the epigenetic modification mechanisms described above act to modulate gene expression in different molecular processes of the cell, and these can be stochastic (determined during development by inherited genetic variants) or induced by the environment; they are also reversible and transmissible between generations of cells.”
From Revisiting Epigenetics Fundamentals and Its Biomedical Implications (2024) · cites this paper as [84]
One factor that influences the variability of infectious diseases and their pathogenesis is epigenetic mechanisms.
“One of the factors that influences the variability of infectious diseases, and their pathogenesis is epigenetic mechanisms.”
From Revisiting Epigenetics Fundamentals and Its Biomedical Implications (2024) · cites this paper as [84]
During sepsis, lncRNAs and circular RNAs generally interact to regulate inflammatory signaling pathways such as NFK-B, PI3K/AKT, and JAK/STAT.
“Evidence has also been revealed that during sepsis, lncRNAs and circular RNAs generally interact to regulate inflammatory signaling pathways such as NFK-B, PI3K/AKT, and JAK/STAT [84,89].”
From Revisiting Epigenetics Fundamentals and Its Biomedical Implications (2024) · cites this paper as [84]
Epigenetic modification mechanisms have been reported to be altered in different diseases.
“These mechanisms have, furthermore, been reported to be altered in different diseases [84].”
From Revisiting Epigenetics Fundamentals and Its Biomedical Implications (2024) · cites this paper as [84]
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- Authors
- Zhang, L., Lu, Q., & Chang, C.
- Affiliations
- Central South University (CN)
- Joe DiMaggio Children's Hospital (US)
- Corresponding author
- Chang, Christopher
- Venue
- Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology
- Publisher
- Springer Singapore
- Published
- 2020
- Volume
- 1253
- Pages
- 3-55
- ISSN
- 0065-2598 (ISSN-L)
- 2214-8019
- OpenAlex
- W3028082975
- Cited by
- 689
- References
- 7
- Citations by year
- 2026: 69 · 2025: 119 · 2024: 162 · 2023: 169 · 2022: 128 · 2021: 41 · 2020: 1
- FWCI
- 116.69
- Type
- book chapter
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Advances in experimental medicine and biology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Epigenetics and DNA Methylation
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Genomics and Chromatin Dynamics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetic Syndromes and Imprinting
- Keywords
- epigenetics, DNA methylation, histone modifications, microRNA, non-coding RNA, gene expression regulation, autoimmune disease, cancer, epigenetic drugs, epigenetic therapy, epigenetic biomarkers
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Disease, Health, Humans, DNA Methylation, MicroRNAs, Histone Code, Epigenesis, Genetic, Epigenomics
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