Thermal comfort conditions during day and night
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The assumption in thermal comfort prescriptions is primarily based on thermal comfort studies conducted in the 1970s and 1980s.
“This assumption is primarily based on thermal comfort studies conducted in the 1970s and 1980s [12–17].”
From Human thermal perception and time of day: A review (2021) · cites this paper as [14]
Results from at least four other studies seem to contradict the tendency to prefer higher temperatures in the early evening.
“However, the results from at least four other studies [12–17] seem to contradict these results.”
From Human thermal perception and time of day: A review (2021) · cites this paper as [14]
Among the 15 reviewed experimental studies investigating diurnal variations in thermal perception, six found no significant differences in thermal perception.
“Among the 15 reviewed experimental studies investigating diurnal variations in thermal perception, six found no significant differences in thermal perception [12–17,78]”
From Human thermal perception and time of day: A review (2021) · cites this paper as [14]
Fanger and colleagues' second experiment found no significant difference in mean preferred temperatures between late afternoon and late night.
“again found no significant difference in the mean preferred temperatures [14].”
From Human thermal perception and time of day: A review (2021) · cites this paper as [14]
Past thermal comfort studies, including some reviewed here, have highlighted that variance in the thermal sensory response is greater in female versus male subjects.
“Past thermal comfort studies, including some of those reviewed here [12–17], already highlighted that variance in the thermal sensory response is greater in female versus male subjects.”
From Human thermal perception and time of day: A review (2021) · cites this paper as [14]
Cites
Calculation of thermal comfort, Introduction of a basic comfort equation
Fanger, P. O. (1967) · ASHRAE winter conference papers · Cited by 420 · see citing works
Self-citationDifferences between Men and Women in Their Response to Heat and Cold
Hardy, J. D., & Bois, E. F. D. (1940) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.26.6.389 · Cited by 143 · see citing works
Interindividual differences in circadian fatigue patterns of shift workers
Östberg, O. (1973) · Occupational and Environmental Medicine · doi:10.1136/oem.30.4.341 · Cited by 94 · see citing works
Self-citationGagge, A. P., Winslow, C.-E. A., & Herrington, L. P. (1938) · American Journal of Physiology-Legacy Content · doi:10.1152/ajplegacy.1938.124.1.30 · Cited by 87 · see citing works
The nature of thermal comfort for sedentary man.
Rohles, F., & Nevins, R. G. (1971) · Cited by 87 · see citing works
The skin temperature distribution for resting man in comfort.
Olesen, B. W., & Fanger, P. O. (1973) · PubMed · Cited by 82 · see citing works
Self-citationThermal comfort conditions in the morning and in the evening
Fanger, P. O., H�jbjerre, J., & Thomsen, J. O. B. (1974) · International Journal of Biometeorology · doi:10.1007/bf01450661 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
Self-citationÖstberg, O. (1973) · Ergonomics · doi:10.1080/00140137308924497 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
Self-citationThe Mental Performance of Subjects Clothed for Comfort at Two Different Air Temperatures
Wyon, D. P., Fanger, P. O., Olesen, B. W., & PEDERSON, C. J. K. (1975) · Ergonomics · doi:10.1080/00140137508931470 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
Self-citationOlesen, S. (1972) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 50 · see citing works
INTERINDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES IN AMBIENT TEMPERATURES PREFERRED BY SEATED PERSONS.
Fanger, P. O., Po, F., & Langkilde, G. (1975) · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Self-citationTHE MEASUREMENT AND PREDICTION OF THERMAL COMFORT
Rohles, F., & Rohles, F. H. (1974) · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Bilan thermique de l'homme en ambiance control�e pendant 24 heures
Timbal, J., Colin, J., Boutelier, C., et al. (1972) · Pflügers Archiv - European Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1007/bf00592037 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Man's preferred ambient temperature during the day.
Fanger, P. O., Hojbjerre, J., & Jo, T. (1973) · PubMed · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Self-citationMetabolic heat balance data for 24-hour periods
Webb, P. W. (1971) · International Journal of Biometeorology · doi:10.1007/bf01803890 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
The variability of man's preferred ambient temperature from day to day.
Fanger, P. O. (1973) · PubMed · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Self-citation
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Ambient temperatures preferred by young European males and females at rest
GRIVEL, F., & CANDAS, V. (1991) · Ergonomics · doi:10.1080/00140139108967320 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
Human thermal perception and time of day: A review
Vellei, M., Chinazzo, G., Zitting, K.-M., & Hubbard, J. (2021) · Temperature · doi:10.1080/23328940.2021.1976004 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Circadian variation of preferred environmental temperature and body temperature
Terai, Y., Asayama, M., Ogawa, T., Sugenoya, J., & Miyagawa, T. (1985) · Journal of Thermal Biology · doi:10.1016/0306-4565(85)90019-1 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Effect of change in ambient temperature on core temperature during the daytime
Kakitsuba, N., & White, M. D. (2014) · International Journal of Biometeorology · doi:10.1007/s00484-013-0673-8 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Some evidence of a time-varying thermal perception
Vellei, M., O’Brien, W., Martinez, S., & Le Dréau, J. (2022) · Indoor and Built Environment · doi:10.1177/1420326x211034563 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Ambient temperatures preferred by humans acclimated to heat given at a fixed daily time
Shido, O., Sakurada, S., Sugimoto, N., Hiratsuka, Y., & Takuwa, Y. (2001) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/s0031-9384(00)00428-5 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Diurnal change in psychological and physiological responses to consistent relative humidity
Kakitsuba, N., Chen, Q., & Komatsu, Y. (2020) · Journal of Thermal Biology · doi:10.1016/j.jtherbio.2019.102490 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Underlying mechanism of diurnal change in thermal sensation response at high relative humidity
Kakitsuba, N. (2021) · Journal of Thermal Biology · doi:10.1016/j.jtherbio.2021.102870 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
- Authors
- Fanger, P. O., �stberg, O., McK. Nicholl, A. G., Breum, N. O., & Jerking, E.
- Affiliations
- Technical University of Denmark (DK)
- Venue
- European Journal of Applied Physiology and Occupational Physiology
- Published
- 1974
- Volume
- 33
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 255-263
- ISSN
- 0020-9376 (ISSN-L)
- 0301-5548
- 1439-6327
- OpenAlex
- W2077543989
- Cited by
- 42
- References
- 16
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 1 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 2 · 2014: 1 · 2013: 2
- FWCI
- 1.51
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- European Journal of Applied Physiology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Thermoregulation and physiological responses
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Building and Construction › Building Energy and Comfort Optimization
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Environmental Engineering › Urban Heat Island Mitigation
- Keywords
- thermal comfort, time of day, rectal temperature, skin temperature, metabolic rate, evaporative heat loss, sedentary subjects, diurnal variation
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Body Temperature, Body Weight, Circadian Rhythm, Consumer Behavior, Denmark, Female, Humans, Male, Rectum, Skin Temperature, Sweating, Temperature, Time Factors
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Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
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