Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis function in children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder
Abstract
Examined hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA axis) function in 30 children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) by measuring the diurnal variation and response to the dexamethasone suppression test (DST) of saliva cortisol. Normal diurnal saliva cortisol rhythm was found in only 43.3% of the ADHD children. DST showed suppression in 46.7% of the ADHD children. An abnormal diurnal rhythm and nonsuppression to the DST were more frequent in the severely hyperactive group than in the mildly were more frequent in the severely hyperactive group than in the mildly hyperactive group of children with ADHD. These results suggest abnormalities in HPA axis function in some children with ADHD, especially those exhibiting severe hyperactivity.
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In ADHD, low levels of cortisol have been observed in children.
“In ADHD, low levels of cortisol, an important hormone in the hypothalamus–pituitary–adrenal (HpA) axis, have been observed in children [102–105].”
From Molecular Characterisation of the Mechanism of Action of Stimulant Drugs Lisdexamfetamine and Methylphenidate on ADHD Neurobiology: A Review (2022) · cites this paper as [104]
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- Authors
- Kaneko, M., Hoshino, Y., Hashimoto, S., Okano, T., & Kumashiro, H.
- Affiliations
- Fukushima Medical University (JP)
- ORCID
- Hashimoto, Shinichi
- Venue
- Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders
- Published
- 1993-03
- Volume
- 23
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 59-65
- ISSN
- 0162-3257 (ISSN-L)
- 1573-3432
- OpenAlex
- W2014980780
- Cited by
- 96
- References
- 25
- Citations by year
- 2025: 4 · 2024: 3 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 2 · 2013: 4 · 2012: 9
- FWCI
- 0.00
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Behavioral Neuroscience › Stress Responses and Cortisol
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Adrenal Hormones and Disorders
- Keywords
- attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, diurnal cortisol rhythm, salivary cortisol, dexamethasone suppression test, children
- MeSH terms
- Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity, Autistic Disorder, Brain, Child, Circadian Rhythm, Electroencephalography, Female, Humans, Hydrocortisone, Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System, Intelligence, Male, Pituitary-Adrenal System, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Saliva
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