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Cited by 406Bone Metabolism and DiseasesBone health and osteoporosis researchBone and Dental Protein Studies

The cellular basis of bone remodeling: The quantum concept reexamined in light of recent advances in the cell biology of bone

Parfitt, A. M.·1984·Calcified Tissue International
DOI 10.1007/bf02406132
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Abstract

The cellular basis of the normal bone remodeling sequence in the human adult is discussed in relation to a cycle of five stages--quiescence, activation, resorption, reversal, formation, and return to quiescence. Normally, 80% or more of free bone surfaces are quiescent with respect to remodeling. The structure of the quiescent surface comprises 5 layers; listed in order out toward the bone marrow these are: the lamina limitans (the electron dense outer edge of the mineralized bone matrix), unmineralized connective tissue that may be confused with osteoid by light microscopy, flattened lining cells of osteoblast lineage separated by narrow gaps, more unmineralized connective tissue, and finally either the squamous sac cells of red marrow or the cytoplasm of fat cells of yellow marrow. Activation requires the recruitment of new osteoclasts derived from precursor cells of the mononuclear phagocyte system (and so ultimately from the hematopoietic stem cell), a method for precursor cells to penetrate the cellular and connective tissue barrier of the quiescent surface, and so gain access to the bone mineral, and mechanisms for their attraction and binding to the mineralized surface, possibly in response to chemotactic signals released from bone matrix or mineral. Each of these three steps is probably mediated in some way by lining cells. Resorption is carried out by osteoclasts, most of which are multinucleated. The mean life span of individual nuclei is about 12.5 days; the additional nuclei needed to sustain resorption may be derived from local as well as blood-bone precursors, but nothing is known of their fate.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

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  • The quantum concept conceived by Frost and later extended by Parfitt has had profound implications for understanding all aspects of bone pharmacology and physiopathology, particularly in the osteoporotic context.

    “The quantum concept conceived by Frost and later extended by Parfitt7 has had profound implications for the understanding of all aspects of bone pharmacology and physiopathology,8 particularly in the osteoporotic context.9”

    From Bone remodeling: an operational process ensuring survival and bone mechanical competence (2022) · cites this paper as [7]

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Authors
Parfitt, A. M.
Affiliations
Henry Ford Hospital (US)
Corresponding author
Parfitt, A. M.
Venue
Calcified Tissue International
Publisher
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published
1984-03
Volume
36
Issue
S1
Pages
S37-S45
ISSN
  • 0171-967X (ISSN-L)
  • 1432-0827
DOI
10.1007/bf02406132
OpenAlex
W2114157286
Cited by
406
References
66
Citations by year
2026: 4 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 11 · 2014: 11 · 2013: 22 · 2012: 9
FWCI
3.95
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Licence
Locations
  • Calcified Tissue International (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Bone Metabolism and Diseases
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Orthopedics and Sports Medicine › Bone health and osteoporosis research
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Rheumatology › Bone and Dental Protein Studies
Keywords
bone remodeling, osteoclasts, osteoblasts, osteocytes, bone resorption, bone formation, osteoclast precursor cells, reticuloendothelial system, hematopoietic stem cells, chemotaxis, prostaglandins, prostacyclin, osteoblast precursors
MeSH terms
Adaptation, Physiological, Bone and Bones, Bone Development, Bone Matrix, Bone Resorption, Cell Movement, Chemotaxis, Collagen, Haversian System, Hematopoietic Stem Cells, Humans, Osteoblasts, Osteoclasts

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