Glial HO-1 expression, iron deposition and oxidative stress in neurodegenerative diseases
Abstract
The mechanisms responsible for the pathological deposition of brain iron in Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease and other human neurodegenerative disorders remain poorly understood. In rat primary astrocyte cultures, we demonstrated that dopamine, cysteamine, H(2)O(2) and menadione rapidly induce heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) expression (mRNA and protein) followed by sequestration of non-transferrin-derived (55)Fe by the mitochondrial compartment. The effects of dopamine on HO-1 expression were inhibited by ascorbate implicating a free radical mechanism of action. Dopamine-induced mitochondrial iron trapping was abrogated by administration of the heme oxygenase inhibitors, tin mesoporphyrin (SnMP) or dexamethasone (DEX) indicating that HO-1 upregulation is necessary for subsequent mitochondrial iron deposition in these cells. Overexpression of the human HO-1 gene in cultured rat astroglia by transient transfection also stimulated mitochondrial (55)Fe deposition, an effect that was again preventible by SnMP or DEX administration. We hypothesize that free ferrous iron and carbon monoxide generated by HO-1-mediated heme degradation promote mitochondrial membrane injury and the deposition of redox-active iron within this organelle. We have shown that the percentages of GFAP-positive astrocytes that co-express HO-1 in Parkinson-affected substantia nigra and Alzheimer-diseased hippocampus are significantly increased relative to age-matched controls. Stress-induced up-regulation of HO-1 in astroglia may be responsible for the abnormal patterns of brain iron deposition and mitochondrial insufficiency documented in various human neurodegenerative disorders.
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Iron-mediated generation of ROS and injury to mitochondria are likely mechanisms of NBIA.
“Although iron-mediated generation of ROS and injury to mitochondria are likely mechanisms [196, 204]”
From “Pumping iron”—how macrophages handle iron at the systemic, microenvironmental, and cellular levels (2017) · cites this paper as [204]
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Jin, X., Chen, L., Yang, Y., Tan, R., & Jiang, C. (2025) · Antioxidants & Redox Signaling · doi:10.1089/ars.2024.0586 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Papel de la hemooxigenasa-1 en las enfermedades neurodegenerativas
Orozco‐Ibarra, M., Chirino, Y. I., & Pedraza‐Chaverrí, J. (2006) · Revista de Neurología · doi:10.33588/rn.4309.2005487 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Schipper, H. M., Small, L., Wang, X., & Brawer, J. R. (2002) · Developmental Neuroscience · doi:10.1159/000065692 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Self-citationNeurochemical phenotype of cytoglobin-expressing neurons in the rat hippocampus
Hundahl, C. A., Fahrenkrug, J., & Hannibal, J. (2014) · Biomedical Reports · doi:10.3892/br.2014.299 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Warenits, A.-M., Hatami, J., Müllebner, A., Ettl, F., Teubenbacher, U., Magnet, I. A. M., Bauder, B., Janata, A., Miller, I., Moldzio, R., et al. (2020) · Frontiers in Medicine · doi:10.3389/fmed.2020.00513 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Dysregulation of a Heme Oxygenase–Synuclein Axis in Parkinson Disease
Cressatti, M., & Schipper, H. M. (2022) · NeuroSci · doi:10.3390/neurosci3020020 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Self-citationFrom Man to Mouse: The MPTP Model of Parkinson Disease
Jackson-Lewis, V. R., & Smeyne, R. J. (2005) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-012088382-0/50012-8 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Jackson-Lewis, V., Lester, D. B., Kozina, E. A., Przedborski, S., & Smeyne, R. J. (2014) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-405195-9.00017-2 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Heme Oxygenase-1 and Alzheimer Disease
Mawal, Y. R., Berlin, D., Kravitz, S., & Schipper, H. M. (2002) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4615-0741-3_12 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Self-citationKim, C.-H., Kim, H., Nah, S., & Choi, Y. K. (2023) · Journal of Ginseng Research · doi:10.1016/j.jgr.2023.04.001 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Glial heme oxygenase-1 in CNSinjury and disease
Schipper, H. M. (2003) · Advances in molecular and cell biology · doi:10.1016/s1569-2558(03)31038-0 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Self-citationBrain Iron Deposition in Aging and Disease: Role of HO-1
Schipper, H. M. (2009) · Humana Press eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-59745-462-9_7 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Self-citationHEME OXYGENASE-l AND ALZHEIMER DISEASE
Mawal, Y. R., Berlin, D., Kravitz, S., Schipper, H. M., Mortimer, S., & Davis, B. J. (2002) · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Self-citationThe Role of Cytochrome P450 Holoenzyme Metabolism in the Origin of Neuropathologies
Štambuk, S. (2026) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms27156971
- Authors
- Schipper, H. M.
- Affiliations
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research (CA)
- Corresponding author
- Schipper, Hyman M.
- ORCID
- Schipper, Hyman M.
- Venue
- Neurotoxicity Research
- Published
- 1999-03
- Volume
- 1
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 57-70
- ISSN
- 1029-8428 (ISSN-L)
- 1476-3524
- OpenAlex
- W2005548012
- Cited by
- 72
- References
- 45
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 1 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 1 · 2016: 1 · 2015: 1 · 2014: 5 · 2013: 3 · 2012: 6
- FWCI
- 0.80
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Neurotoxicity Research (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Medical Research Council Canada
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Heme Oxygenase-1 and Carbon Monoxide
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Neurological diseases and metabolism
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Neurology › Parkinson's Disease Mechanisms and Treatments
- Keywords
- heme oxygenase-1, brain iron accumulation, astrocytes, Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, oxidative stress, mitochondrial iron, dopamine, carbon monoxide, ferrous iron, heme oxygenase inhibitors, tin mesoporphyrin, dexamethasone, substantia nigra, hippocampus, neurodegenerative diseases
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