Transition metals, ferritin, glutathione, and ascorbic acid in parkinsonian brains
Abstract
The regional distributions of iron, copper, zinc, magnesium, and calcium in parkinsonian brains were compared with those of matched controls. In mild Parkinson's disease (PD), there were no significant differences in the content of total iron between the two groups, whereas there was a significant increase in total iron and iron (III) in substantia nigra of severely affected patients. Although marked regional distributions of iron, magnesium, and calcium were present, there were no changes in magnesium, calcium, and copper in various brain areas of PD. The most notable finding was a shift in the iron (II)/iron (III) ratio in favor of iron (III) in substantia nigra and a significant increase in the iron (III)-binding, protein, ferritin. A significantly lower glutathione content was present in pooled samples of putamen, globus pallidus, substantia nigra, nucleus basalis of Meynert, amygdaloid nucleus, and frontal cortex of PD brains with severe damage to substantia nigra, whereas no significant changes were observed in clinicopathologically mild forms of PD. In all these regions, except the amygdaloid nucleus, ascorbic acid was not decreased. Reduced glutathione and the shift of the iron (II)/iron (III) ratio in favor of iron (III) suggest that these changes might contribute to pathophysiological processes underlying PD.
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Neuropathological studies using accurate spectroscopic methods showed that iron concentrations in the substantia nigra pars compacta and reticulata increase with disease severity.
“Neuropathological studies that used accurate spectroscopic methods to measure total iron concentrations in specific brain regions, such as substantia nigra pars compacta and reticulata showed that iron concentrations in these regions increase with disease severity.100–103”
From The role of iron in brain ageing and neurodegenerative disorders (2014) · cites this paper as [102]
Several studies have shown increases of total iron concentration in the substantia nigra of patients with Parkinson's disease.
“Several studies have shown increases of total iron concentration in the substantia nigra of patients with Parkinson’s disease.”
From The role of iron in brain ageing and neurodegenerative disorders (2014) · cites this paper as [102]
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Kuruvilla, K. P., Nandhu, M. S., Paul, J., & Paulose, C. S. (2013) · Journal of the Neurological Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.jns.2013.04.020 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Gerecke, K. M., Kolobova, A., Allen, S., & Fawer, J. L. (2013) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2013.02.027 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Kaur, D., Rajagopalan, S., Chinta, S., Kumar, J., Di Monte, D., Cherny, R. A., & Andersen, J. K. (2007) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2006.03.006 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Brain aging phenomena in migrating sockeye salmon Oncorhynchus nerka nerka
Götz, M. E., Malz, C. R., Dirr, A., Blum, D., Gsell, W., Schmidt, S., Burger, R., Pohli, S., & Riederer, P. (2005) · Journal of Neural Transmission · doi:10.1007/s00702-004-0257-1 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Self-citation
- Authors
- Riederer, P., Sofic, E., Rausch, W., Schmidt, B., Reynolds, G. P., Jellinger, K., & Youdim, M. B. H.
- Affiliations
- University of Würzburg (DE)
- University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna (AT)
- University of Nottingham (GB)
- Technion – Israel Institute of Technology (IL)
- Corresponding author
- Riederer, Peter
- Venue
- Journal of Neurochemistry
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 1989-02
- Volume
- 52
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 515-520
- ISSN
- 0022-3042 (ISSN-L)
- 1471-4159
- OpenAlex
- W2171047055
- Cited by
- 1,383
- References
- 33
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 17 · 2024: 22 · 2023: 29 · 2022: 30 · 2021: 32 · 2020: 19 · 2019: 26 · 2018: 23 · 2017: 36 · 2016: 40 · 2015: 18 · 2014: 31 · 2013: 37 · 2012: 39
- FWCI
- 38.72
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Neurochemistry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Neurology › Parkinson's Disease Mechanisms and Treatments
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Neurological diseases and metabolism
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Trace Elements in Health
- Keywords
- Parkinson's disease, iron, ferritin, glutathione, vitamin C, substantia nigra, transition metals, copper, zinc, magnesium, calcium, reduced glutathione, brain regional distribution, oxidative stress
- MeSH terms
- Aged, Ascorbic Acid, Brain, Calcium, Copper, Female, Ferritins, Glutathione, Humans, Iron, Magnesium, Male, Metals, Parkinson Disease, Substantia Nigra, Tissue Distribution, Zinc
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