Cited by 1,383Parkinson's Disease Mechanisms and TreatmentsNeurological diseases and metabolismTrace Elements in Health

Transition metals, ferritin, glutathione, and ascorbic acid in parkinsonian brains

Riederer, Peter, Sofic, Emin, Rausch, Wolf‐Dieter, Schmidt, Bruno, Reynolds, Gavin P., Jellinger, Kurt, Youdim, Moussa B. H.·1989·Journal of Neurochemistry

Abstract

The regional distributions of iron, copper, zinc, magnesium, and calcium in parkinsonian brains were compared with those of matched controls. In mild Parkinson's disease (PD), there were no significant differences in the content of total iron between the two groups, whereas there was a significant increase in total iron and iron (III) in substantia nigra of severely affected patients. Although marked regional distributions of iron, magnesium, and calcium were present, there were no changes in magnesium, calcium, and copper in various brain areas of PD. The most notable finding was a shift in the iron (II)/iron (III) ratio in favor of iron (III) in substantia nigra and a significant increase in the iron (III)-binding, protein, ferritin. A significantly lower glutathione content was present in pooled samples of putamen, globus pallidus, substantia nigra, nucleus basalis of Meynert, amygdaloid nucleus, and frontal cortex of PD brains with severe damage to substantia nigra, whereas no significant changes were observed in clinicopathologically mild forms of PD. In all these regions, except the amygdaloid nucleus, ascorbic acid was not decreased. Reduced glutathione and the shift of the iron (II)/iron (III) ratio in favor of iron (III) suggest that these changes might contribute to pathophysiological processes underlying PD.

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Crossref · 10.1111/j.1471-4159.1989.tb09150.x

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  • Neuropathological studies using accurate spectroscopic methods showed that iron concentrations in the substantia nigra pars compacta and reticulata increase with disease severity.

    “Neuropathological studies that used accurate spectroscopic methods to measure total iron concentrations in specific brain regions, such as substantia nigra pars compacta and reticulata showed that iron concentrations in these regions increase with disease severity.100–103”
  • Several studies have shown increases of total iron concentration in the substantia nigra of patients with Parkinson's disease.

    “Several studies have shown increases of total iron concentration in the substantia nigra of patients with Parkinson’s disease.”

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Authors
Riederer, P., Sofic, E., Rausch, W., Schmidt, B., Reynolds, G. P., Jellinger, K., & Youdim, M. B. H.
Affiliations
  • University of Würzburg (DE)
  • University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna (AT)
  • University of Nottingham (GB)
  • Technion – Israel Institute of Technology (IL)
Corresponding author
Riederer, Peter
Venue
Journal of Neurochemistry
Publisher
Wiley
Published
1989-02
Volume
52
Issue
2
Pages
515-520
ISSN
  • 0022-3042 (ISSN-L)
  • 1471-4159
OpenAlex
W2171047055
Cited by
1,383
References
33
Citations by year
2026: 8 · 2025: 17 · 2024: 22 · 2023: 29 · 2022: 30 · 2021: 32 · 2020: 19 · 2019: 26 · 2018: 23 · 2017: 36 · 2016: 40 · 2015: 18 · 2014: 31 · 2013: 37 · 2012: 39
FWCI
38.72
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • Journal of Neurochemistry (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Neurology › Parkinson's Disease Mechanisms and Treatments
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Neurological diseases and metabolism
  • Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Trace Elements in Health
Keywords
Parkinson's disease, iron, ferritin, glutathione, vitamin C, substantia nigra, transition metals, copper, zinc, magnesium, calcium, reduced glutathione, brain regional distribution, oxidative stress
MeSH terms
Aged, Ascorbic Acid, Brain, Calcium, Copper, Female, Ferritins, Glutathione, Humans, Iron, Magnesium, Male, Metals, Parkinson Disease, Substantia Nigra, Tissue Distribution, Zinc

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