Adverse effect of obesity on red cell membrane arachidonic and docosahexaenoic acids in gestational diabetes
Abstract
Aims/hypothesis Gestational diabetes is a metabolic disorder affecting 2-5% of women and is a predictor of obesity, Type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease. Insulin resistance, a characteristic of gestational diabetes and obesity, is correlated with the fatty acids profile of the red cell and skeletal muscle membranes. We investigated the plasma and red cell fatty acid status of gestational diabetes. The effect of obesity on membrane fatty acids was also examined. Methods Fasting blood obtained at diagnosis was analysed for the fatty acids in plasma choline phosphoglycerides and red cell choline and ethanolamine phosphoglycerides. Results There were reductions in arachidonic acid (controls 10.74+/-2.35 vs gestational diabetes 8.35+/-3.49, p<0.01) and docosahexaenoic acid (controls 6.31+/-2.67 vs gestational diabetes 3.25+/-2.00, p<0.0001) in the red cell choline phosphoglycerides in gestational diabetes. A similar pattern was found in the ethanolamine phosphoglycerides. Moreover, the arachidonic and docosahexaenoic acids depletion in the red cell choline phosphoglycerides was much greater in overweight/obese gestational diabetes (arachidonic acid=7.49+/-3.37, docosahexaenoic acid=2.98+/-2.18, p<0.01) compared with lean gestational diabetes (arachidonic acid=10.03+/-2.74, docosahexaenoic acid=4.18+/-1.42). Conclusion/interpretation Apparently normal plasma choline phosphoglycerides fatty acids profile in the gestational diabetic women suggested that membrane lipid abnormality is associated specifically with perturbation in the membrane. The fact that the lipid abnormality is more pronounced in the outer leaflet of the membrane where most of receptor binding and enzyme activities take place might provide an explanation for the increased insulin resistance in gestational diabetes and obesity.
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Lower levels of alpha-linolenic acid, AA, and DHA are observed in red blood cell membranes in women with GDM compared to women without GDM.
“Lower levels of alpha-linolenic acid (an omega-3 fatty acid), AA, and DHA are observed in red blood cell membranes in women with GDM compared to women without GDM [105,106].”
From Medical Nutrition Therapy for Women with Gestational Diabetes: Current Practice and Future Perspectives (2025) · cites this paper as [105]
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- Authors
- Min, Y., Ghebremeskel, K., Lowy, C., Thomas, B., & Crawford, M. A.
- Affiliations
- London Metropolitan University (GB)
- Guy's Hospital (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Min, Y.
- Venue
- Diabetologia
- Published
- 2004-01-01
- Volume
- 47
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 75-81
- ISSN
- 0012-186X (ISSN-L)
- 1432-0428
- OpenAlex
- W2088060242
- Cited by
- 65
- References
- 48
- Citations by year
- 2025: 2 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 1 · 2015: 3 · 2014: 3 · 2013: 2 · 2012: 3
- FWCI
- 4.55
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Diabetologia (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Fatty Acid Research and Health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Obstetrics and Gynecology › Gestational Diabetes Research and Management
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Biochemistry › Lipid metabolism and biosynthesis
- Keywords
- gestational diabetes mellitus, obesity, erythrocyte membrane, arachidonic acid, docosahexaenoic acid, membrane fatty acid composition, choline phospholipids, ethanolamine phospholipids, insulin resistance, omega-3 fatty acids
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Choline, Diabetes Mellitus, Docosahexaenoic Acids, Erythrocyte Membrane, Fatty Acids, Nonesterified, Female, Glucose Tolerance Test, Humans, Obesity, Pregnancy, Reference Values, Diabetes, Gestational, Arachidonic Acid, Ethanolamine
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