Predictors of depressive symptoms in persons with diabetic peripheral neuropathy: a longitudinal study
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Aims/hypothesis The aim of the study was to determine whether diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) is a risk factor for depressive symptoms and examine the potential mechanisms for this relationship.Methods This longitudinal study (9 and 18 month follow-up) of 338 DPN patients (mean age 61 years; 71% male; 73% type 2 diabetes) examined the temporal relationships between DPN severity (mean +/- SD; neuropathy disability score [NDS], 7.4 +/- 2.2; mean vibration perception threshold, 41.5 +/- 9.5 V), DPN somatic experiences (symptoms and foot ulceration), DPN psychosocial consequences (restrictions in activities of daily living [ADL] and social self-perception) and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression subscale measuring depressive symptoms (HADS-D; mean 4.9 +/- 3.7).Results Controlling for baseline HADS-D and demographic/disease variables, NDS at baseline significantly predicted increased HADS-D over 18 months. This association was mediated by baseline unsteadiness, which was significantly associated with increased HADS-D. Baseline ADL restrictions significantly predicted increased HADS-D and partly mediated the association between baseline unsteadiness and change in HADS-D. Increased pain, unsteadiness and ADL restrictions from baseline to 9 months each significantly predicted increased HADS-D over 18 months. Change in social self-perception from baseline to 9 months significantly predicted increased HADS-D and partly mediated the relationships of change in unsteadiness and ADL restrictions with change in HADS-D.Conclusions/interpretation These results confirm that neuropathy is a risk factor for depressive symptoms because it generates pain and unsteadiness. Unsteadiness is the symptom with the strongest association with depression, and is linked to depressive symptoms by perceptions of diminished self-worth as a result of inability to perform social roles.
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Vileikyte et al. demonstrated that diabetic neuropathy (n = 338) is a risk factor for depression due to pDN, with increased pain, unsteadiness and restrictions in activities of daily living significantly predicting poorer outcomes on HADS-D over 18 months.
“Vileikyte et al. demonstrated that diabetic neuropathy (n = 338) is a risk factor for depression due to pDN with increased pain, unsteadiness and restrictions in activities of daily living significantly predicting poorer outcomes on the Hospital Anxiety and Depression subscale (HADS-D) over 18 months [15].”
From A Consideration of the Psychological Aspects to Managing Patients with Painful Diabetic Neuropathy: An Insight into Pain Management Services at a Tertiary Centre in the UK (2021) · cites this paper as [15]
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Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredDiabetes complications are linked to depression, anxiety, reduced autonomy, role impairment, and lower overall physical function and quality of life.
“Diabetes complications, including peripheral neuropathy, foot ulcers, limb amputation, diabetic kidney disease, vision impairment, stroke, and heart attack, are associated with depression, anxiety, reduced autonomy, role impairment, and reduced overall physical function and quality of life (119–122).”
From Psychosocial care for people with diabetes: a position statement of the American Diabetes Association (2016) · cites this paper as [119]
In a well-defined sample of patients with diabetic peripheral neuropathy, objective indicators of neuropathy severity, neuropathy-related symptoms, impairment in daily activities due to neuropathy and neuropathy-related changes in important roles were predictive of increases in depressive symptoms over time.
“For example, in a well-defined sample of patients with diabetic peripheral neuropathy, investigators showed that objective indicators of neuropathy severity, neuropathy-related symptoms, impairment in daily activities due to neuropathy and neuropathy-related changes in important roles were predictive of increases in depressive symptoms over time (14).”
From Depression in diabetes: have we been missing something important? (2011) · cites this paper as [14]
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“demonstrated that diabetic neuropathy (n = 338) is a risk factor for depression due to pDN with increased pain, unsteadiness and restrictions in activities of daily living significantly predicting poorer outcomes on the Hospital Anxiety and Depression subscale (HADS-D) over 18 months [15].”
Background
- Authors
- Vileikyte, L., Peyrot, M., Gonzalez, J. S., Rubin, R. R., Garrow, A. P., Stickings, D., Waterman, C., Ulbrecht, J. S., Cavanagh, P. R., & Boulton, A. J. M.
- Affiliations
- Johns Hopkins University (US)
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine (US)
- University of Manchester (GB)
- Pennsylvania State University (US)
- University of Washington (US)
- University of Miami (US)
- Venue
- Diabetologia
- Published
- 2009-04-18
- Volume
- 52
- Issue
- 7
- Pages
- 1265-1273
- ISSN
- 0012-186X (ISSN-L)
- 1432-0428
- OpenAlex
- W2021198854
- Cited by
- 123
- References
- 41
- Citations by year
- 2025: 1 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 13 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 11 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 10 · 2013: 7 · 2012: 10
- FWCI
- 6.03
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Diabetologia (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- University of Salford Institutional Repository (University of Salford) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Research Explorer (The University of Manchester) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- American Diabetes Association
- Diabetes UK
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Management and Education
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetic Foot Ulcer Assessment and Management
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Pain Mechanisms and Treatments
- Keywords
- diabetic peripheral neuropathy, depressive symptoms, risk factors for depression, unsteadiness, neuropathic pain, social self-perception, type 2 diabetes, neuropathy disability score, foot ulcer, mediation
- MeSH terms
- Activities of Daily Living, Aged, Depression, Diabetic Neuropathies, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Middle Aged, Predictive Value of Tests, Risk Factors, Self Concept, Social Behavior
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