Cited by 142Regulation of Appetite and ObesityDiabetes Treatment and ManagementPharmacology and Obesity Treatment

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 39 of the 39 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Effects of combined GIP and GLP-1 infusion on energy intake, appetite and energy expenditure in overweight/obese individuals: a randomised, crossover study

Open access

Bergmann, Natasha C., Lund, Asger, Gasbjerg, Lærke S., Meessen, Emma C. E., Andersen, Maria M., Bergmann, Sigrid, Hartmann, Bolette, Holst, Jens J., Jessen, Lene, Christensen, Mikkel B., Vilsbøll, Tina, Knop, Filip K.·2019·Diabetologia

DOI 10.1007/s00125-018-4810-0

Open this paper in CoChat — free account Open PDF

Abstract

Aims/hypothesis Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) reduces appetite and energy intake in humans, whereas the other incretin hormone, glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP), seems to have no effect on eating behaviour. Interestingly, studies in rodents have shown that concomitant activation of GIP and GLP-1 receptors may potentiate the satiety-promoting effect of GLP-1, and a novel dual GLP-1/GIP receptor agonist was recently shown to trigger greater weight losses compared with a GLP-1 receptor agonist in individuals with type 2 diabetes. The aim of this study was to delineate the effects of combined GIP and GLP-1 receptor activation on energy intake, appetite and resting energy expenditure in humans.Methods We examined 17 overweight/obese men in a crossover design with 5 study days. On day 1, a 50 g OGTT was performed; on the following 4 study days, the men received an isoglycaemic i.v. glucose infusion (IIGI) plus saline (154 mmol/l NaCl; placebo), GIP (4 pmol kg-1 min-1), GLP-1 (1 pmol kg-1 min-1) or GIP+GLP-1 (4 and 1 pmol kg-1 min-1, respectively). All IIGIs were performed in a randomised order blinded for the participant and the investigators. The primary endpoint was energy intake as measured by an ad libitum meal after 240 min. Secondary endpoints included appetite ratings and resting energy expenditure, as well as insulin, C-peptide and glucagon responses.Results Energy intake was significantly reduced during IIGI+GLP-1 compared with IIGI+saline infusion (2715 ± 409 vs 4483 ± 568 kJ [mean ± SEM, n = 17], p = 0.014), whereas there were no significant differences in energy intake during IIGI+GIP (4062 ± 520 kJ) or IIGI+GIP+GLP-1 (3875 ± 451 kJ) infusion compared with IIGI+saline (p = 0.590 and p = 0.364, respectively). Energy intake was higher during IIGI+GIP+GLP-1 compared with IIGI+GLP-1 infusion (p = 0.039).Conclusions/interpretation While GLP-1 infusion lowered energy intake in overweight/obese men, simultaneous GIP infusion did not potentiate this GLP-1-mediated effect.Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02598791 FUNDING: This study was supported by grants from the Innovation Fund Denmark and the Vissing Foundation.

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1007/s00125-018-4810-0

Cites

39 of 39 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Pharmacology, physiology, and mechanisms of incretin hormone action.
Campbell, J. E., & Drucker, D. J. (2013) · Cell Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2013.04.008 · Cited by 1,500
Glucagon-like peptide 1 promotes satiety and suppresses energy intake in humans.
Flint, A., Raben, A., Astrup, A., & Holst, J. J. (1998) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci990 · Cited by 1,402
Self-citation
Inhibition of gastric inhibitory polypeptide signaling prevents obesity
Miyawaki, K., Yamada, Y., Ban, N., Ihara, Y., Tsukiyama, K., Zhou, H., Fujimoto, S., Oku, A., Tsuda, K., Toyokuni, S., et al. (2002) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/nm727 · Cited by 963
Self-citation
Tissue and Plasma Concentrations of Amidated and Glycine-Extended Glucagon-Like Peptide I in Humans
Ørskov, C., Rabenhøj, L., Wettergren, A., Kofod, H., & Holst, J. J. (1994) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/diab.43.4.535 · Cited by 916
Self-citation
Science Translational Medicine
(2013) · Science Translational Medicine · doi:10.1126/scitranslmed · Cited by 880
Efficacy and safety of LY3298176, a novel dual GIP and GLP-1 receptor agonist, in patients with type 2 diabetes: a randomised, placebo-controlled and active comparator-controlled phase 2 trial
Frias, J. P., Nauck, M. A., Van, J., Kutner, M. E., Cui, X., Benson, C., Urva, S., Gimeno, R. E., Milicevic, Z., Robins, D., et al. (2018) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(18)32260-8 · Cited by 815
Unimolecular Dual Incretins Maximize Metabolic Benefits in Rodents, Monkeys, and Humans
Finan, B., Ma, T., Ottaway, N., Müller, T. D., Habegger, K. M., Heppner, K. M., Kirchner, H., Holland, J., Hembree, J., Raver, C., et al. (2013) · Science Translational Medicine · doi:10.1126/scitranslmed.3007218 · Cited by 696
Effects of once‐weekly semaglutide on appetite, energy intake, control of eating, food preference and body weight in subjects with obesity
Blundell, J., Finlayson, G., Axelsen, M., Flint, A., Gibbons, C., Kvist, T., & Hjerpsted, J. B. (2017) · Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism · doi:10.1111/dom.12932 · Cited by 693
A Meta-Analysis of the Effect of Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 (7-36) Amide on Ad Libitum Energy Intake in Humans
Verdich, C., Flint, A., Gutzwiller, J., Näslund, E. B., Beglinger, C., Hellström, P. M., Long, S. J., Morgan, L., Holst, J. J., & Astrup, A. V. (2001) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem.86.9.7877 · Cited by 657
Self-citation
Additive insulinotropic effects of exogenous synthetic human gastric inhibitory polypeptide and glucagon-like peptide-1-(7-36) amide infused at near-physiological insulinotropic hormone and glucose concentrations
Nauck, M. A., Bartels, E., Ørskov, C., Ebert, R., & Creutzfeldt, W. (1993) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem.76.4.8473405 · Cited by 505

Show all 38 references

Sorted by citations

Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1)
Müller, T. D., Finan, B., Bloom, S. R., D'Alessio, D., Drucker, D. J., Flatt, P. R., Fritsche, A., Gribble, F., Grill, H. J., Habener, J. F., et al. (2019) · Molecular Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.molmet.2019.09.010 · Cited by 1,868
Self-citation
Cardiovascular disease in type 2 diabetes mellitus: progress toward personalized management
Ma, C.-X., Ma, X.-N., Guan, C.-H., Li, Y.-D., Mauricio, D., & Fu, S.-B. (2022) · Cardiovascular Diabetology · doi:10.1186/s12933-022-01516-6 · Cited by 464
Pharmacotherapy of obesity: an update on the available medications and drugs under investigation
Chakhtoura, M., Haber, R., Ghezzawi, M., Rhayem, C., Tcheroyan, R., & Mantzoros, C. S. (2023) · eClinicalMedicine · doi:10.1016/j.eclinm.2023.101882 · Cited by 462
Tirzepatide, a dual GIP/GLP-1 receptor co-agonist for the treatment of type 2 diabetes with unmatched effectiveness regrading glycaemic control and body weight reduction
Nauck, M. A., & D‘Alessio, D. A. (2022) · Cardiovascular Diabetology · doi:10.1186/s12933-022-01604-7 · Cited by 407
The evolving story of incretins ( GIP and GLP ‐1) in metabolic and cardiovascular disease: A pathophysiological update
Nauck, M. A., Quast, D. R., Wefers, J., & Pfeiffer, A. F. H. (2021) · Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism · doi:10.1111/dom.14496 · Cited by 388
Long-Term Efficacy and Safety of Anti-Obesity Treatment: Where Do We Stand?
Tak, Y. J., & Lee, S. Y. (2021) · Current Obesity Reports · doi:10.1007/s13679-020-00422-w · Cited by 343
What is the pipeline for future medications for obesity?
Melson, E., Ashraf, U., Papamargaritis, D., & Davies, M. J. (2025) · International Journal of Obesity · doi:10.1038/s41366-024-01473-y · Cited by 332
“…WL and glucose-lowering ef ﬁ cacy compared to activation of each receptor alone [38 – 40], the interest for the development of unimolecular GLP-1 and GIP RA was increased, despite that this additive effect in food intake and glycaemia was not observed in some acute clinical studies [41, 42].”
Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor co-agonists for treating metabolic disease.
Baggio, L. L., & Drucker, D. J. (2021) · Molecular Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.molmet.2020.101090 · Cited by 299
Treatment of type 2 diabetes: challenges, hopes, and anticipated successes
Nauck, M. A., Wefers, J., & Meier, J. J. (2021) · The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology · doi:10.1016/s2213-8587(21)00113-3 · Cited by 315
Beyond the pancreas: contrasting cardiometabolic actions of GIP and GLP1
Hammoud, R., & Drucker, D. J. (2023) · Nature Reviews Endocrinology · doi:10.1038/s41574-022-00783-3 · Cited by 244
Efficacy and tolerability of tirzepatide, a dual glucose‐dependent insulinotropic peptide and glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonist in patients with type 2 diabetes: A 12‐week, randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled study to evaluate different dose‐escalation regimens
Frias, J. P., Nauck, M. A., Van, J., Benson, C., Bray, R., Cui, X., Milicevic, Z., Urva, S., Haupt, A., & Robins, D. A. (2020) · Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism · doi:10.1111/dom.13979 · Cited by 208
GIP as a Therapeutic Target in Diabetes and Obesity: Insight From Incretin Co-agonists
Holst, J. J., & Rosenkilde, M. M. (2020) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/clinem/dgaa327 · Cited by 207
Self-citation
Brown Adipose Tissue—A Translational Perspective
Carpentier, A. C., Blondin, D. P., Haman, F., & Richard, D. (2022) · Endocrine Reviews · doi:10.1210/endrev/bnac015 · Cited by 218
Incretin hormones and type 2 diabetes
Nauck, M. A., & Müller, T. D. (2023) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/s00125-023-05956-x · Cited by 190
GLP-1 and GIP receptor signaling in beta cells – A review of receptor interactions and co-stimulation
Mayendraraj, A., ROSENKILDE, M. M., & Gasbjerg, L. S. (2022) · Peptides · doi:10.1016/j.peptides.2022.170749 · Cited by 165
Self-citation
Efficacy and Safety of Tirzepatide in Type 2 Diabetes and Obesity Management
Sinha, R., Papamargaritis, D., Sargeant, J. A., & Davies, M. J. (2023) · Journal of Obesity & Metabolic Syndrome · doi:10.7570/jomes22067 · Cited by 138
Targeting the GIPR for obesity: To agonize or antagonize? Potential mechanisms
Campbell, J. E. (2021) · Molecular Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.molmet.2020.101139 · Cited by 133
Novel Noninvasive Approaches to the Treatment of Obesity: From Pharmacotherapy to Gene Therapy
Angelidi, A. M., Belanger, M. J., Kokkinos, A. D., Koliaki, C. C., & Mantzoros, C. S. (2021) · Endocrine Reviews · doi:10.1210/endrev/bnab034 · Cited by 141
GLP-1 physiology in obesity and development of incretin-based drugs for chronic weight management
Holst, J. J. (2024) · Nature Metabolism · doi:10.1038/s42255-024-01113-9 · Cited by 125
Self-citation
Evaluation of the incretin effect in humans using GIP and GLP-1 receptor antagonists
Gasbjerg, L. S., Bergmann, N. C., Stensen, S., Christensen, M. B., Rosenkilde, M. M., Holst, J. J., Nauck, M., & Knop, F. K. (2020) · Peptides · doi:10.1016/j.peptides.2019.170183 · Cited by 121
Self-citation
The incretin co-agonist tirzepatide requires GIPR for hormone secretion from human islets
El, K., Douros, J. D., Willard, F. S., Novikoff, A., Sargsyan, A., Perez-Tilve, D., Wainscott, D. B., Yang, B., Chen, A., Wothe, D., et al. (2023) · Nature Metabolism · doi:10.1038/s42255-023-00811-0 · Cited by 118
The Efficacy of GLP-1 Analogues on Appetite Parameters, Gastric Emptying, Food Preference and Taste Among Adults with Obesity: Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials
Aldawsari, M., Almadani, F. A., Almuhammadi, N., Algabsani, S., Alamro, Y., & Aldhwayan, M. (2023) · Diabetes, Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity · doi:10.2147/dmso.s387116 · Cited by 115
Nutrient-Induced Cellular Mechanisms of Gut Hormone Secretion
Lu, V. B., Gribble, F. M., & Reimann, F. M. (2021) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu13030883 · Cited by 111
Targeting the incretin system in obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus
Ansari, S., Khoo, B. C. E., & Tan, T. (2024) · Nature Reviews Endocrinology · doi:10.1038/s41574-024-00979-9 · Cited by 110
Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists and Dual Glucose-Dependent Insulinotropic Polypeptide/Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists in the Treatment of Obesity/Metabolic Syndrome, Prediabetes/Diabetes and Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease—Current Evidence
Muzurović, E. M., Volčanšek, Š., Zibar, K., Janež, A., Mikhailidis, D. P., Rizzo, M., & Mantzoros, C. S. (2022) · Journal of Cardiovascular Pharmacology and Therapeutics · doi:10.1177/10742484221146371 · Cited by 101
Emerging glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists for the treatment of obesity
Jepsen, M. M., & Christensen, M. B. (2021) · Expert Opinion on Emerging Drugs · doi:10.1080/14728214.2021.1947240 · Cited by 96
Self-citation
Glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP)
Müller, T. D., Adriaenssens, A. E., Ahrén, B., Blüher, M., Birkenfeld, A. L., Campbell, J. E., Coghlan, M. P., D’Alessio, D. D., Deacon, C. F., DelPrato, S., et al. (2025) · Molecular Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.molmet.2025.102118 · Cited by 103
Self-citation
The effects of dual GLP-1/GIP receptor agonism on glucagon secretion-A Review
Mathiesen, D. S., Bagger, J. I., Bergmann, N. C., Lund, A., Christensen, M. B., Vilsbøll, T., & Knop, F. K. (2019) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms20174092 · Cited by 80
Self-citation
The influence of Glucose-dependent Insulinotropic Polypeptide (GIP) on human adipose tissue and fat metabolism: Implications for obesity, type 2 diabetes and Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD)
Thondam, S. K., Cuthbertson, D. J., & Wilding, J. P. H. (2020) · Peptides · doi:10.1016/j.peptides.2019.170208 · Cited by 77
New therapies for obesity
Papamargaritis, D., le Roux, C. W., Holst, J. J., & Davies, M. J. (2024) · Cardiovascular Research · doi:10.1093/cvr/cvac176 · Cited by 73
Self-citation
Physiological roles of the GIP receptor in murine brown adipose tissue
Beaudry, J. L., Kaur, K. D., Varin, E. M., Baggio, L. L., Cao, X., Mulvihill, E. E., Bates, H. E., Campbell, J. E., & Drucker, D. J. (2019) · Molecular Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.molmet.2019.08.006 · Cited by 73
An overview of obesity mechanisms in humans: Endocrine regulation of food intake, eating behaviour and common determinants of body weight
Theilade, S., Christensen, M., Vilsbøll, T., & Knop, F. K. (2021) · Diabetes Obesity and Metabolism · doi:10.1111/dom.14270 · Cited by 74
Self-citation
Incretin Hormones in Obesity and Related Cardiometabolic Disorders: The Clinical Perspective
Michałowska, J., Miller‐Kasprzak, E., & Bogdański, P. (2021) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu13020351 · Cited by 77
Separate and Combined Effects of GIP and GLP-1 Infusions on Bone Metabolism in Overweight Men Without Diabetes
Bergmann, N. C., Lund, A., Gasbjerg, L. S., Jørgensen, N. R., Jessen, L., Hartmann, B., Holst, J. J., Christensen, M., Vilsbøll, T., & Knop, F. K. (2019) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2019-00008 · Cited by 65
Self-citation
No Acute Effects of Exogenous Glucose-Dependent Insulinotropic Polypeptide on Energy Intake, Appetite, or Energy Expenditure When Added to Treatment With a Long-Acting Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 Receptor Agonist in Men With Type 2 Diabetes
Bergmann, N. C., Gasbjerg, L. S., Heimbürger, S. M., Krogh, L. S. L., Dela, F., Hartmann, B., Holst, J. J., Jessen, L., Christensen, M. B., Vilsbøll, T., et al. (2020) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc19-0578 · Cited by 62
Self-citation
Enteroendocrine Hormone Secretion and Metabolic Control: Importance of the Region of the Gut Stimulation
Xie, C., Jones, K. L., Rayner, C. K., & Wu, T. (2020) · Pharmaceutics · doi:10.3390/pharmaceutics12090790 · Cited by 64
GIP analogues and the treatment of obesity-diabetes
Bailey, C. J. (2019) · Peptides · doi:10.1016/j.peptides.2019.170202 · Cited by 54
Effects of endogenous GIP in patients with type 2 diabetes
Stensen, S., Gasbjerg, L. S., Krogh, L. S. L., Skov‐Jeppesen, K., Sparre‐Ulrich, A. H., Jensen, M., Dela, F., Hartmann, B., Vilsbøll, T., Holst, J. J., et al. (2021) · European Journal of Endocrinology · doi:10.1530/eje-21-0135 · Cited by 46
Self-citation
Tirzepatide: A novel, first-in-class, dual GIP/GLP-1 receptor agonist
Tall Bull, S., Nuffer, W., & Trujillo, J. M. (2022) · Journal of Diabetes and its Complications · doi:10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2022.108332 · Cited by 43
Obesity pharmacotherapy: incretin action in the central nervous system
Boer, G. A., Hay, D. L., & Tups, A. (2022) · Trends in Pharmacological Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.tips.2022.11.001 · Cited by 44
The importance of glucose‐dependent insulinotropic polypeptide receptor activation for the effects of tirzepatide
Gasbjerg, L. S., ROSENKILDE, M. M., Meier, J. J., Holst, J. J., & Knop, F. K. (2023) · Diabetes Obesity and Metabolism · doi:10.1111/dom.15216 · Cited by 43
Self-citation
Gut peptide regulation of food intake – evidence for the modulation of hedonic feeding
Woodward, O. R. M., Gribble, F. M., Reimann, F., & Lewis, J. E. (2021) · The Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1113/jp280581 · Cited by 46
AT-7687, a novel GIPR peptide antagonist, combined with a GLP-1 agonist, leads to enhanced weight loss and metabolic improvements in cynomolgus monkeys
Jensen, M., Sanni, S. J., Riber, D., Holst, J. J., ROSENKILDE, M. M., & Sparre‐Ulrich, A. H. (2024) · Molecular Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.molmet.2024.102006 · Cited by 38
Self-citation
Appetite control: Hormones or diet strategies?
Freire, R. H., & Alvarez-Leite, J. I. (2020) · Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition & Metabolic Care · doi:10.1097/mco.0000000000000675 · Cited by 37
Gut peptide regulation of food intake - evidence for the modulation of hedonic feeding.
Woodward, O. R. M., Gribble, F. M., Reimann, F. M., & Lewis, J. E. (2021) · Apollo (University of Cambridge) · doi:10.17863/cam.74301 · Cited by 38
GIP’s involvement in the pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes
Christensen, M. B., Gasbjerg, L. S., Heimbürger, S. M., Stensen, S., Vilsbøll, T., & Knop, F. K. (2020) · Peptides · doi:10.1016/j.peptides.2019.170178 · Cited by 35
Self-citation
Stimulating intestinal GIP release reduces food intake and body weight in mice
Lewis, J. E., Nuzzaci, D., James-Okoro, P.-P., Montaner, M., O’Flaherty, E. A. A., Darwish, T., Hayashi, M., Liberles, S. D., Hornigold, D. C., Naylor, J., et al. (2024) · Molecular Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.molmet.2024.101945 · Cited by 37
Novel GLP-1-based Medications for Type 2 Diabetes and Obesity
Son, J. W., le Roux, C. W., Blüher, M., Nauck, M. A., & Lim, S. (2026) · Endocrine Reviews · doi:10.1210/endrev/bnaf036 · Cited by 40
Recent advances of GIP and future horizons
Holst, J. J., & ROSENKILDE, M. M. (2019) · Peptides · doi:10.1016/j.peptides.2019.170230 · Cited by 33
Self-citation
Gastrointestinal Incretins—Glucose-Dependent Insulinotropic Polypeptide (GIP) and Glucagon-like Peptide-1 (GLP-1) beyond Pleiotropic Physiological Effects Are Involved in Pathophysiology of Atherosclerosis and Coronary Artery Disease—State of the Art
Jonik, S., Marchel, M., Grabowski, M., Opolski, G., & Mazurek, T. (2022) · Biology · doi:10.3390/biology11020288 · Cited by 33
Aging-related modifications to G protein-coupled receptor signaling diversity
van Gastel, J., Leysen, H., Boddaert, J., Vangenechten, L., Luttrell, L. M., Martin, B., & Maudsley, S. R. (2020) · Pharmacology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1016/j.pharmthera.2020.107793 · Cited by 32
Precision medicine for obesity: current evidence and insights for personalization of obesity pharmacotherapy
Añazco, D., & Acosta, A. J. (2024) · International Journal of Obesity · doi:10.1038/s41366-024-01599-z · Cited by 35
Why does GLP ‐1 agonist combined with GIP and/or GCG agonist have greater weight loss effect than GLP ‐1 agonist alone in obese adults without type 2 diabetes?
Jiang, Y., Zhu, H., & Gong, F. (2024) · Diabetes Obesity and Metabolism · doi:10.1111/dom.16106 · Cited by 35
MECHANISMS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY: The gut–brain axis: regulating energy balance independent of food intake
Nogueiras, R. (2021) · European Journal of Endocrinology · doi:10.1530/eje-21-0277 · Cited by 29
Role of a Dual Glucose-Dependent Insulinotropic Peptide (GIP)/Glucagon-like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonist (Twincretin) in Glycemic Control: From Pathophysiology to Treatment
Pelle, M. C., Provenzano, M., Zaffina, I., Pujia, R., Giofrè, F., Lucà, S., Andreucci, M., Sciacqua, A., & Arturi, F. (2021) · Life · doi:10.3390/life12010029 · Cited by 33
Blockade of gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP) action as a novel means of countering insulin resistance in the treatment of obesity-diabetes
Irwin, N., Gault, V. A., O’Harte, F. P. M., & Flatt, P. R. (2020) · Peptides · doi:10.1016/j.peptides.2019.170203 · Cited by 27
Gastrointestinal Peptides as Therapeutic Targets to Mitigate Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome
Αλεξιάδου, Κ., & Tan, T. (2020) · Current Diabetes Reports · doi:10.1007/s11892-020-01309-9 · Cited by 26
New Aspects of Diabetes Research and Therapeutic Development
Satin, L. S., Soleimanpour, S. A., & Walker, E. M. (2021) · Pharmacological Reviews · doi:10.1124/pharmrev.120.000160 · Cited by 30
Gastrointestinal peptides in eating-related disorders
Smith, K., & Moran, T. H. (2021) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2021.113456 · Cited by 25
The Roles of Incretin Hormones GIP and GLP-1 in Metabolic and Cardiovascular Health: A Comprehensive Review
Yamanouchi, D. (2025) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms27010027 · Cited by 32
Combination gut hormones: prospects and questions for the future of obesity and diabetes therapy
Khoo, B. C. E., & Tan, T. (2020) · Journal of Endocrinology · doi:10.1530/joe-20-0119 · Cited by 23
Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes and Obesity on the Basis of the Incretin System: The 2021 Banting Medal for Scientific Achievement Award Lecture
Holst, J. J. (2021) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/dbi21-0026 · Cited by 23
Self-citation
GIP-derived GIP receptor antagonists – a review of their role in GIP receptor pharmacology
ROSENKILDE, M. M., Lindquist, P., Kizilkaya, H. S., & Gasbjerg, L. S. (2024) · Peptides · doi:10.1016/j.peptides.2024.171212 · Cited by 22
Self-citation
Unraveling the impaired incretin effect in obesity and type 2 diabetes: Key role of hyperglycemia-induced unscheduled glycolysis and glycolytic overload
Rabbani, N., & Thornalley, P. J. (2024) · Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice · doi:10.1016/j.diabres.2024.111905 · Cited by 22
Macronutrient, Micronutrient Supplementation and Monitoring for Patients on GLP-1 Agonists: Can We Learn from Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery?
Sibal, R., Balamurugan, G., Langley, J., Graham, Y., & Mahawar, K. K. (2025) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu17233659 · Cited by 27
Characterisation of Glucose-Dependent Insulinotropic Polypeptide Receptor Antagonists in Rodent Pancreatic Beta Cells and Mice
Perry, R., Craig, S., Ng, M., Gault, V. A., Flatt, P. R., & Irwin, N. (2019) · Clinical Medicine Insights Endocrinology and Diabetes · doi:10.1177/1179551419875453 · Cited by 19
Proglucagon-Derived Peptides, Glucose-Dependent Insulinotropic Polypeptide, and Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4-Mechanisms of Action in Adipose Tissue
Beaudry, J. L., & Drucker, D. J. (2019) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/endocr/bqz029 · Cited by 22
The GLP-1 receptor agonist lixisenatide reduces postprandial glucose in patients with diabetes secondary to total pancreatectomy: a randomised, placebo-controlled, double-blinded crossover trial
Juel, C. T., Lund, A., Andersen, M. M., Hansen, C. P., Storkholm, J. H., Rehfeld, J. F., van Hall, G., Hartmann, B., Albrechtsen, N. J. W., Holst, J. J., et al. (2020) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/s00125-020-05158-9 · Cited by 21
Self-citation
Discovery of a novel GLP-1/GIP dual receptor agonist CY-5 as long-acting hypoglycemic, anti-obesity agent
Liu, C., Li, C., Cai, X., Zou, Y., Mo, J., chen, B., Cai, Y., Han, T., Huang, W., Qian, H., et al. (2020) · Bioorganic Chemistry · doi:10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.104492 · Cited by 20
A novel therapeutic prospect: a dual-acting tirzepatide for Alzheimer's disease
Alshehri, G. H., Al-Kuraishy, H. M., Al-Gareeb, A. I., Fawzy, M. N., Waheed, H. J., Papadakis, M., Alexiou, A. T., & Batiha, G. E. (2025) · European Journal of Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.ejphar.2025.177979 · Cited by 18
Appetite and Satiety Effects of the Acute and Regular Consumption of Green Coffee Phenols and Green Coffee Phenol/Oat β-Glucan Nutraceuticals in Subjects with Overweight and Obesity
Redondo-Puente, M., Mateos, R., Seguido, M. Á., García-Cordero, J., González, S. V., Tarradas, R. M., Bravo, L., & Sarriá, B. (2021) · Foods · doi:10.3390/foods10112511 · Cited by 18
Proglucagon-derived peptides: human physiology and therapeutic potential
Gasbjerg, L. S., Nielsen, C. K., Suppli, M. P., Grøndahl, M. F. G., Holst, J. J., Knop, F. K., Jeppesen, P. B., & Lund, A. (2025) · Physiological Reviews · doi:10.1152/physrev.00057.2024 · Cited by 19
Self-citation
New drug therapies for metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis
Chiang, J. Y. L. (2025) · Liver Research · doi:10.1016/j.livres.2025.01.001 · Cited by 18
Perspectives on weight control in diabetes – Tirzepatide
Várkonyi, T. T., Pósa, A., Pávó, N., & Pavo, I. J. (2023) · Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice · doi:10.1016/j.diabres.2023.110770 · Cited by 21
Interventions associated with brown adipose tissue activation and the impact on energy expenditure and weight loss: A systematic review
Perez, L. C., Perez, L. T., Nene, Y., Umpierrez, G. E., Davis, G. M., & Pasquel, F. J. (2022) · Frontiers in Endocrinology · doi:10.3389/fendo.2022.1037458 · Cited by 17
Advances in physiology, design and development of novel medications changing the landscape of obesity pharmacotherapy
Chakhtoura, M., & Mantzoros, C. S. (2023) · Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.metabol.2023.155531 · Cited by 15
Novel pharmacotherapies for weight loss: Understanding the role of incretins to enable weight loss and improved health outcomes
Forst, T. M., Block, C. E. M. D., Prato, S. D., Frías, J. P., Lautenbach, A., Ludvik, B. H., Marinez, M., Mathieu, C., Müller, T. D., & Schnell, O. (2025) · Diabetes Obesity and Metabolism · doi:10.1111/dom.16247 · Cited by 15
Adipose Tissue, at the Core of the Action of Incretin and Glucagon-Based Anti-Obesity Drugs
Villarroya, F., Peyrou, M., & Giralt, M. (2025) · Current Obesity Reports · doi:10.1007/s13679-025-00660-w · Cited by 14
New Lessons from the gut: Studies of the role of gut peptides in weight loss and diabetes resolution after gastric bypass and sleeve gastrectomy
Holst, J. J., Madsbad, S., Bojsen-Møller, K. N., Dirksen, C., & Svane, M. S. (2024) · Peptides · doi:10.1016/j.peptides.2024.171199 · Cited by 14
Self-citation
Tirzepatide: a novel therapeutic approach for Alzheimer’s disease
Alshehri, G. H., Al-Kuraishy, H. M., Waheed, H. J., Al-Gareeb, A. I., Faheem, S. A., Alexiou, A. T., Papadakis, M., & Batiha, G. E. (2025) · Metabolic Brain Disease · doi:10.1007/s11011-025-01649-z · Cited by 17
Incretins and the cardiovascular system: bridging digestion with metabolism
Avogaro, A., & Fadini, G. P. (2025) · The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology · doi:10.1016/s2213-8587(25)00166-4 · Cited by 16
Long-acting GIPR agonist LY3537021 reduces body weight and fasting blood glucose in patients with T2D: Preclinical development and phase 1 randomized ascending dose studies
Roell, W. C., Alsina‐Fernandez, J., Qu, H., Coşkun, T., Benson, C., Haupt, A., Kelly, R. P., O’Farrell, L. S., Sloop, K. W., Steele, J. P., et al. (2025) · Molecular Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.molmet.2025.102298 · Cited by 13
The naturally occurring GIP(1-30)NH2 is a GIP receptor agonist in humans
Krogh, L. S. L., Henriksen, K., Stensen, S., Skov‐Jeppesen, K., Bergmann, N. C., Størling, J., ROSENKILDE, M. M., Hartmann, B., Holst, J. J., Gasbjerg, L. S., et al. (2023) · European Journal of Endocrinology · doi:10.1093/ejendo/lvac015 · Cited by 13
Self-citation
G protein-coupled receptors and obesity
Pocai, A. (2023) · Frontiers in Endocrinology · doi:10.3389/fendo.2023.1301017 · Cited by 14
Islet hormones at the intersection of glucose and amino acid metabolism
White, P. J., Albrechtsen, N. J. W., & Campbell, J. E. (2025) · Nature Reviews Endocrinology · doi:10.1038/s41574-025-01100-4 · Cited by 15
Vertical sleeve gastrectomy and semaglutide have distinct effects on skeletal health and heart function in obese male mice
Picoli, C. C., Tsibulnikov, S., Ho, M., DeMambro, V., Feng, T., Eltahir, M., Le, P. T., Chlebek, C., Rosen, C. J., Ryzhov, S. V., et al. (2025) · American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1152/ajpendo.00521.2024 · Cited by 13
The methionine aminopeptidase 2 inhibitor, TNP-470, enhances the antidiabetic properties of sitagliptin in mice by upregulating xenin
Craig, S. L., Gault, V. A., Flatt, P. R., & Irwin, N. (2020) · Biochemical Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.bcp.2020.114355 · Cited by 13
Drug Occupancy Assessment at the Glucose-Dependent Insulinotropic Polypeptide Receptor by Positron Emission Tomography
Eriksson, O., Velikyan, I., Haack, T., Bossart, M., Evers, A., Lorenz, K., Laitinen, I., Larsen, P. J., Plettenburg, O., Johansson, L., et al. (2021) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/db20-1096 · Cited by 13
Class B1 GPCRs: insights into multireceptor pharmacology for the treatment of metabolic disease
Sangwung, P., Ho, J. D., Siddall, T., Lin, J., Tomás, A., Jones, B. J., & Sloop, K. W. (2024) · American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1152/ajpendo.00371.2023 · Cited by 14
The Premise of the Paradox: Examining the Evidence That Motivated GIPR Agonist and Antagonist Drug Development Programs
Douros, J. D., Mowery, S. A., & Knerr, P. J. (2025) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm14113812 · Cited by 12
The Gut-Bone Axis in Diabetes
Maagensen, H., Helsted, M. M., Gasbjerg, L. S., Vilsbøll, T., & Knop, F. K. (2022) · Current Osteoporosis Reports · doi:10.1007/s11914-022-00767-2 · Cited by 14
Self-citation
Empagliflozin Normalizes Fasting Hyperglycemia and Improves Postprandial Glucose Tolerance in Totally Pancreatectomized Patients: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Crossover Study
Baekdal, M., Nielsen, S. W., Hansen, C. P., Storkholm, J. H., van Hall, G., Hartmann, B., Holst, J. J., Vilsbøll, T., Lund, A., & Knop, F. K. (2023) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc23-0645 · Cited by 11
Self-citation
Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2 (KCNH2) is a promising target for incretin secretagogue therapies
Yuan, Y., Wang, H., Jiang, Z.-J., Liu, C., Li, Q., Zhou, S.-R., & Yang, J. (2024) · Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy · doi:10.1038/s41392-024-01923-z · Cited by 13
Acute concomitant glucose‐dependent insulinotropic polypeptide receptor antagonism during glucagon‐like peptide 1 receptor agonism does not affect appetite, resting energy expenditure or food intake in patients with type 2 diabetes and overweight/obesity
Stensen, S., Krogh, L. S. L., Sparre‐Ulrich, A. H., Dela, F., Hartmann, B., Vilsbøll, T., Holst, J. J., ROSENKILDE, M. M., Christensen, M., Gasbjerg, L. S., et al. (2022) · Diabetes Obesity and Metabolism · doi:10.1111/dom.14736 · Cited by 11
Self-citation
Does Incretin Agonism Have Sustainable Efficacy?
Janket, S., Chatanaka, M. K., Sohaei, D., Tamimi, F., Meurman, J. H., & Diamandis, E. P. (2024) · Cells · doi:10.3390/cells13221842 · Cited by 9
Design of novel therapeutics targeting the glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide receptor (GIPR) to aid weight loss
Davies, I., & Tan, T. (2023) · Expert Opinion on Drug Discovery · doi:10.1080/17460441.2023.2203911 · Cited by 9
Do anti-obesity medical treatments have a direct effect on adipose tissue?
Vergès, B. L. (2024) · Annales d Endocrinologie · doi:10.1016/j.ando.2024.05.021 · Cited by 9
Polyagonists in Type 2 Diabetes Management
Dissanayake, H. A., & Somasundaram, N. P. (2024) · Current Diabetes Reports · doi:10.1007/s11892-023-01530-2 · Cited by 8
The unexpected role of GIP in transforming obesity treatment
Zandvakili, I., & Pérez–Tilve, D. (2024) · Trends in Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.tem.2024.07.022 · Cited by 8
Cardiovascular effects of tirzepatide
Sumithran, P., Russell, A. W., & Zoungas, S. (2025) · Journal of Endocrinology · doi:10.1530/joe-24-0259 · Cited by 9

Effects of PYY3–36 and GLP-1 on energy intake, energy expenditure, and appetite in overweight men
Schmidt, J. B., Gregersen, N. T., Pedersen, S. D., Arentoft, J. L., Ritz, C., Schwartz, T. W., Holst, J. J., Astrup, A. V., & Sjödin, A. M. (2014) · American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1152/ajpendo.00569.2013 · Cited by 147
Self-citation
Acute concomitant glucose‐dependent insulinotropic polypeptide receptor antagonism during glucagon‐like peptide 1 receptor agonism does not affect appetite, resting energy expenditure or food intake in patients with type 2 diabetes and overweight/obesity
Stensen, S., Krogh, L. S. L., Sparre‐Ulrich, A. H., Dela, F., Hartmann, B., Vilsbøll, T., Holst, J. J., ROSENKILDE, M. M., Christensen, M., Gasbjerg, L. S., et al. (2022) · Diabetes Obesity and Metabolism · doi:10.1111/dom.14736 · Cited by 11
Self-citation
Energy intake and appetite are suppressed by glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) in obese men.
Näslund, E., Barkeling, B., King, N., Gutniak, M., Blundell, J., Holst, J., Rössner, S., & Hellström, P. (1999) · International Journal of Obesity · doi:10.1038/sj.ijo.0800818 · Cited by 468
Self-citation
No Acute Effects of Exogenous Glucose-Dependent Insulinotropic Polypeptide on Energy Intake, Appetite, or Energy Expenditure When Added to Treatment With a Long-Acting Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 Receptor Agonist in Men With Type 2 Diabetes
Bergmann, N. C., Gasbjerg, L. S., Heimbürger, S. M., Krogh, L. S. L., Dela, F., Hartmann, B., Holst, J. J., Jessen, L., Christensen, M. B., Vilsbøll, T., et al. (2020) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc19-0578 · Cited by 62
Self-citation
Coadministration of Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 During Glucagon Infusion in Humans Results in Increased Energy Expenditure and Amelioration of Hyperglycemia
Tan, T. M., Field, B. C. T., McCullough, K. A., Troke, R. C., Chambers, E. S., Salem, V., Gonzalez Maffe, J., Baynes, K. C. R., De Silva, A., Viardot, A., et al. (2013) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/db12-0797 · Cited by 258

See all

Authors: Bergmann, N. C., Lund, A., Gasbjerg, L. S., Meessen, E. C. E., Andersen, M. M., Bergmann, S., Hartmann, B., Holst, J. J., Jessen, L., Christensen, M. B., Vilsbøll, T., & Knop, F. K.
Affiliations: University of Copenhagen (DK)
Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam (NL)
Gentofte Hospital (DK)
Zealand Pharma (Denmark) (DK)
Corresponding author: Knop, Filip K.
ORCID: Bergmann, Natasha C.
Lund, Asger
Gasbjerg, Lærke S.
Meessen, Emma C. E.
Hartmann, Bolette
Holst, Jens J.
Christensen, Mikkel B.
Vilsbøll, Tina
Knop, Filip K.
Venue: Diabetologia
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published: 2019-01-25
Volume: 62
Issue: 4
Pages: 665-675
ISSN: 0012-186X (ISSN-L)
1432-0428
DOI: 10.1007/s00125-018-4810-0
OpenAlex: W2911644854
Cited by: 142
References: 38
Citations by year: 2026: 9 · 2025: 28 · 2024: 19 · 2023: 17 · 2022: 19 · 2021: 22 · 2020: 13 · 2019: 14
FWCI: 9.39
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: bronze
doi.org
Licence: www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
Locations: Diabetologia (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Pure Amsterdam UMC (submittedVersion, other-oa)
Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion)
Research at the University of Copenhagen (University of Copenhagen) (submittedVersion)
Funders: The Vissing Foundation
The Innovation Fund Denmark
Topics: Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Regulation of Appetite and Obesity
Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Treatment and Management
Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology (medical) › Pharmacology and Obesity Treatment
Keywords: glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide, glucagon-like peptide-1, GIP/GLP-1 receptor agonist, energy intake, appetite, resting energy expenditure, incretins, satiety, obesity, overweight
MeSH terms: Adult, Aged, Appetite, Blood Glucose, Energy Intake, Calorimetry, Double-Blind Method, Energy Metabolism, Gastric Inhibitory Polypeptide, Glucagon, Humans, Insulin, Male, Middle Aged, Obesity, Weight Loss, Cross-Over Studies, Overweight, Glucagon-Like Peptide 1

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

Effects of combined GIP and GLP-1 infusion on energy intake, appetite and energy expenditure in overweight/obese individuals: a randomised, crossover study

Abstract

Overview

Integrity signals

Verification

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Self-check

Citations

Cites

Cited by

Related

Metadata

Record

About these checks