Energy intake and appetite are suppressed by glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) in obese men.
Abstract
Background Peripheral administration of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) for four hours, to normal weight and obese humans, decreases food intake and suppresses appetite.Objective The aim of this study was to assess the effect of an eight hour infusion of GLP-1 on appetite and energy intake at lunch and dinner in obese subjects.Design Randomised, blinded cross-over design with intravenous infusion of GLP-1 (0.75 pmol x kg(-1) min(-1)) or saline.Subjects Eight obese (body mass index, BMI, 45.5 +/- 2.3 kg/m2) male subjects.Measurements Ad libitum energy intake at lunch (12.00 h) and dinner (16.00 h) after an energy fixed breakfast (2.4 MJ) at 08.00 h. Appetite sensations using visual analogue scales, (VAS) immediately before and after meals and hourly in-between. Blood samples for the analysis of glucose, insulin, C-peptide, GLP-1 and peptide YY. Gastric emptying after breakfast and lunch using a paracetamol absorption technique.Results Hunger ratings were significantly lower with GLP-1 infusion. The summed ad libitum energy intake at lunch and dinner was reduced by 1.7 +/- 0.5 MJ (21 +/- 6%) by GLP-1 infusion (P = 0.01). Gastric emptying was delayed by GLP-1 infusion, and plasma glucose concentrations decreased (baseline: 6.6 +/- 0.35 mmol/L; nadir: 5.3 +/- 0.15 mmol/L). No nausea was recorded during GLP-1 infusion.Conclusions Our results demonstrate that GLP-1 decreases feelings of hunger and reduces energy intake in obese humans. One possible mechanism for this finding might be an increased satiety primarily mediated by gastric vagal afferent signals.
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GLP-1RAs promote glucose-dependent insulin secretion, suppress glucagon release, and delay gastric emptying, thereby attenuating postprandial glucose excursions.
“These agents promote glucose-dependent insulin secretion, suppress glucagon release, and delay gastric emptying,29 thereby attenuating postprandial glucose excursions.30”
From Metabolic rebound after GLP-1 receptor agonist discontinuation: a systematic review and meta-analysis (2025) · cites this paper as [29]
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Therapy of type 2 diabetes mellitus based on the actions of glucagon‐like peptide‐1
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Pharmacological management of appetite expression in obesity
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Nutritional modulation of endogenous glucagon-like peptide-1 secretion: a review
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Peripheral administration of GLP-2 to humans has no effect on gastric emptying or satiety
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A functional neuroimaging review of obesity, appetitive hormones and ingestive behavior
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- Authors
- Näslund, E., Barkeling, B., King, N., Gutniak, M., Blundell, J., Holst, J., Rössner, S., & Hellström, P.
- Affiliations
- Danderyds sjukhus (SE)
- University of Leeds (GB)
- ORCID
- Venue
- International Journal of Obesity
- Published
- 1999-03
- Volume
- 23
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 304-311
- ISSN
- 0307-0565 (ISSN-L)
- 1476-5497
- OpenAlex
- W2005334239
- Cited by
- 468
- References
- 31
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 12 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 10 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 12 · 2017: 12 · 2016: 17 · 2015: 22 · 2014: 18 · 2013: 26 · 2012: 25
- FWCI
- 4.67
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- International Journal of Obesity (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Regulation of Appetite and Obesity
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Treatment and Management
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology › Pharmacology and Obesity Treatment
- Keywords
- glucagon-like peptide-1, appetite, energy intake, obesity, hunger, gastric emptying, satiety, peptide YY, insulin, glucose, intravenous infusion
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Appetite, Blood Glucose, C-Peptide, Energy Intake, Double-Blind Method, Eating, Gastric Emptying, Glucagon, Humans, Hunger, Infusions, Intravenous, Insulin, Male, Obesity, Peptide Fragments, Protein Precursors, Body Mass Index, Cross-Over Studies, Peptide YY, Glucagon-Like Peptide 1
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