Factorial structure of complicated grief: associations with loss-related traumatic events and psychosocial impacts of mass conflict amongst West papuan refugees.

Tay, Alvin Kuowei; Rees, Susan; Chen, Jack; Kareth, Moses; Silove, Derrick

doi:10.1007/s00127-015-1099-x

Cited by 77Grief, Bereavement, and Mental HealthMigration, Health and TraumaPosttraumatic Stress Disorder Research

Factorial structure of complicated grief: associations with loss-related traumatic events and psychosocial impacts of mass conflict amongst West papuan refugees.

Tay, Alvin Kuowei, Rees, Susan, Chen, Jack, Kareth, Moses, Silove, Derrick·2016·Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology

DOI 10.1007/s00127-015-1099-x

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Abstract

Introduction Definitions of complicated grief vary across diagnostic systems, being represented as persistent complex bereavement (PCB) in DSM-5 and prolonged grief disorder (PGD) in the proposed revision of the ICD system. A past study in a high-income country has identified a six-factor structure for complicated grief, but there are no data testing this or any other model across cultures. The present study reports findings from a survey amongst West Papuan refugees (n = 230, response rate = 92 %) residing in Port Moresby, Papua New Guinea.Materials and methods We applied culturally adapted measures of conflict-related traumatic event (TEs) (drawing specifically on domains of conflict and loss), symptoms of complicated grief adapted and modified to the culture, and a multidimensional psychosocial index of the broader effects of conflict and displacement.Results Confirmatory factor analysis yielded a single higher order construct of complicated grief comprising six factors of yearning/preoccupation; shock/disbelief; anger/negative appraisal; behavioural change; estrangement from others/impairment; and a novel dimension of confusion/diminished identity. In contrast, our analysis failed to support DSM or ICD models of PCB or PGD. A Multiple Indicators Multiple Causes (MIMIC) model revealed that traumatic loss and the sense of injustice each were associated with the unitary construct of complicated grief and its subdomains of yearning/preoccupation; shock/disbelief; anger/negative appraisal (exclusive to injustice); and estrangement from others/social impairment (exclusive to TE domain of conflict and loss).Conclusions Conflict and loss associated with feelings of injustice may be especially pathogenic in generating the anger/negative appraisal component of complicated grief amongst refugees.

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Tay et al. (2016) resulted in an 18-item grief measure with endorsements ranging from 38.7% for strong feelings of yearning/longing to 5.2% for difficulty or reluctance to plan for the future.
“This resulted in an 18 item grief measure with endorsements ranging from 38.7% for strong feelings of yearning/longing for the person who is dead, to 5.2% for difficulty or been reluctant to plan for the future.”
From The assessment of grief in refugees and post-conflict survivors: a narrative review of etic and emic research (2018) · cites this paper as Tay et al., 2016
The construct of disordered grief was identified to strongly correspond to the indigenous construct 'Duka Cita' or grief reaction in Bahasa Indonesian.
“The construct of disordered grief was identified to strongly correspond to the indigenous construct ‘Duka Cita’ or grief reaction in Bahasa Indonesian.”
From The assessment of grief in refugees and post-conflict survivors: a narrative review of etic and emic research (2018) · cites this paper as Tay et al., 2016

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The structure and psychosocial correlates of complicated bereavement amongst refugees from West Papua
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The structure of post-traumatic stress disorder and complex post-traumatic stress disorder amongst West Papuan refugees
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The Relationship of Complex Post-traumatic Stress Disorder and Post-traumatic Stress Disorder in a Culturally Distinct, Conflict-Affected Population: A Study among West Papuan Refugees Displaced to Papua New Guinea
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Authors: Tay, A. K., Rees, S., Chen, J., Kareth, M., & Silove, D.
Affiliations: Liverpool Hospital (AU)
UNSW Sydney (AU)
Corresponding author: Tay, Alvin Kuowei
ORCID: Tay, Alvin Kuowei
Rees, Susan
Chen, Jack
Silove, Derrick
Venue: Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published: 2015-07-31
Volume: 51
Issue: 3
Pages: 395-406
ISSN: 0933-7954 (ISSN-L)
1433-9285
DOI: 10.1007/s00127-015-1099-x
OpenAlex: W1007972329
Cited by: 77
References: 44
Citations by year: 2026: 2 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 18 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 13 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 3
FWCI: 5.80
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
Locations: Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: National Health and Medical Research Council (RM08333)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Grief, Bereavement, and Mental Health
Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Migration, Health and Trauma
Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Research
Keywords: complicated grief, prolonged grief disorder, sense of injustice, social dysfunction, displacement, Port Moresby
MeSH terms: Adult, Cultural Characteristics, Factor Analysis, Statistical, Female, Grief, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Papua New Guinea, Surveys and Questionnaires, Refugees, Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic, Warfare, Reproducibility of Results, International Classification of Diseases, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders

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Factorial structure of complicated grief: associations with loss-related traumatic events and psychosocial impacts of mass conflict amongst West papuan refugees.

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