The DOI matches its Crossref record; 47 of the 48 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Increased frontal and paralimbic activation following ayahuasca, the pan-amazonian inebriant
Open accessAbstract
Rationale Ayahuasca is a South American psychoactive plant tea which contains the serotonergic psychedelic N,N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT) and monoamine-oxidase inhibitors that render DMT orally active. Previous investigations with ayahuasca have highlighted a psychotropic effect profile characterized by enhanced introspective attention, with individuals reporting altered somatic perceptions and intense emotional modifications, frequently accompanied by visual imagery. Despite recent advances in the study of ayahuasca pharmacology, the neural correlates of acute ayahuasca intoxication remain largely unknown.Objectives To investigate the effects of ayahuasca administration on regional cerebral blood flow.Methods Fifteen male volunteers with prior experience in the use of psychedelics received a single oral dose of encapsulated freeze-dried ayahuasca equivalent to 1.0 mg DMT/kg body weight and a placebo in a randomized double-blind clinical trial. Regional cerebral blood flow was measured 100-110 min after drug administration by means of single photon emission tomography (SPECT).Results Ayahuasca administration led to significant activation of frontal and paralimbic brain regions. Increased blood perfusion was observed bilaterally in the anterior insula, with greater intensity in the right hemisphere, and in the anterior cingulate/frontomedial cortex of the right hemisphere, areas previously implicated in somatic awareness, subjective feeling states, and emotional arousal. Additional increases were observed in the left amygdala/parahippocampal gyrus, a structure also involved in emotional arousal.Conclusions The present results suggest that ayahuasca interacts with neural systems that are central to interoception and emotional processing and point to a modulatory role of serotonergic neurotransmission in these processes.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“This increased right side perfusion after Ayahuasca [141] and the right side hypermetabolism after psilocybin [137] seem at odds with the right side hypoperfusion after mescaline [140].”
From Molecular and Functional Imaging Studies of Psychedelic Drug Action in Animals and Humans. (2021) · cites this paper as [141]
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“While similar in distribution, the magnitude of the CBF response in depression patients was distinctly less than that in the study of healthy volunteers by Riba et al. [141].”
From Molecular and Functional Imaging Studies of Psychedelic Drug Action in Animals and Humans. (2021) · cites this paper as [141]
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“A group of 15 healthy males with previous hallucinogen experience had perfusion SPECT scans before and after receiving authentic Ayahuasca at a dose of 1 mg DMT (9)/kg [141]. In contrast to results for mescaline, the Ayahuasca treatment provoked bilateral activations of perfusion in the anterior insula (which were more pronounced in the right hemisphere), along with activation in the right”
From Molecular and Functional Imaging Studies of Psychedelic Drug Action in Animals and Humans. (2021) · cites this paper as [141]
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“These activations coincided with distinct increases in score in a hallucinogen rating scale.”
From Molecular and Functional Imaging Studies of Psychedelic Drug Action in Animals and Humans. (2021) · cites this paper as [141]
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“For example, enhanced activation of the ACC and other prefrontal regions was observed in novice and experienced meditators (120–122), and as a result of ayahuasca administration (33, 63).”
From Examining the Potential Synergistic Effects Between Mindfulness Training and Psychedelic-Assisted Therapy (2021) · cites this paper as [63]
The check wasn’t confident either way, so it gives no verdict — never disputed.
In the citing paper
“Similarly, ayahuasca's anti-depressive potential has been demonstrated in pilot studies and replicated in a RCT on patients with treatment-resistant depression (33, 36, 63).”
From Examining the Potential Synergistic Effects Between Mindfulness Training and Psychedelic-Assisted Therapy (2021) · cites this paper as [63]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredIn the citing paper
“Riba’s group (Riba et al., 2006) conducted single-photon emission computed tomography to reveal the brain areas affected by ayahuasca ingestion. Increased activity was recorded bilaterally in the anterior insula, in the fronto-medial cortical anterior cingulate of the right hemisphere and the left amygdala.”
From The therapeutic potentials of Ayahuasca: possible effects against various diseases of civilization (2016) · cites this paper as Riba et al., 2006
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
How do you feel? Interoception: The sense of the physiological condition of the body
Craig, A. D. (2002) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn894 · Cited by 6,006
Functional neuroanatomy of emotion: A meta-analysis of emotion activation studies in PET and fMRI
Phan, K. L., Wager, T., Taylor, S. F., & Liberzon, I. (2002) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1006/nimg.2002.1087 · Cited by 3,502
Neural systems supporting interoceptive awareness
Critchley, H. D., Wiens, S., Rotshtein, P., Öhman, A., & Dolan, R. J. (2004) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn1176 · Cited by 3,406 · cited 2×
“Recent research has shown bilateral insular and cingulate activation in tasks requiring interoceptive attention, with the right anterior insula specifically subserving explicit awareness of bodily processes (Critchley et al. 2004).”
BackgroundContributions of anterior cingulate cortex to behaviour
Devinsky, O., Morrell, M. J., & Vogt, B. A. (1995) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/118.1.279 · Cited by 3,377
Interoception: the sense of the physiological condition of the body
(Bud) Craig, A. (2003) · Current Opinion in Neurobiology · doi:10.1016/s0959-4388(03)00090-4 · Cited by 2,556
Subcortical and cortical brain activity during the feeling of self-generated emotions
Damasio, A. R., Grabowski, T. J., Bechara, A., Damasio, H., Ponto, L. L. B., Parvizi, J., & Hichwa, R. D. (2000) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/79871 · Cited by 2,117
Looking for Spinoza: Joy, Sorrow, and the Feeling Brain
Gross, H. S. (2004) · The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease · doi:10.1097/01.nmd.0000130139.70393.da · Cited by 2,053
Looking for Spinoza : Joy, Sorrow, and the Feeling Brain
Damásio, A. R. (2003) · Dominican Scholar (Dominican University of California) · Cited by 1,879
Primate anterior cingulate cortex: Where motor control, drive and cognition interface
Paus, T. (2001) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/35077500 · Cited by 1,722 · cited 2×
“…insula and the medial prefrontal/ anterior cingulate gyrus—a brain area associated with the motivational aspects of emotion (Devinsky et al. 1995; Paus 2001), and also of the amygdala, which has been associated with negative emotional valence and more recently with general emotional arousal…”
BackgroundResultMeditation experience is associated with increased cortical thickness
Lazar, S. W., Kerr, C. E., Wasserman, R. H., Gray, J. R., Greve, D. N., Treadway, M. T., McGarvey, M., Quinn, B. T., Dusek, J. A., Benson, H., et al. (2005) · NeuroReport · doi:10.1097/01.wnr.0000186598.66243.19 · Cited by 1,698
Psilocybin induces schizophrenia-like psychosis in humans via a serotonin-2 agonist action
Vollenweider, F. X., Vollenweider-Scherpenhuyzen, M. F. I., Bäbler, A., Vogel, H., & Hell, D. (1998) · NeuroReport · doi:10.1097/00001756-199812010-00024 · Cited by 1,018
Martin, W. R., Sloan, J. W., SAPIRA, J. D., & Jasinski, D. R. (1971) · Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1002/cpt1971122part1245 · Cited by 945
Neuroanatomical correlates of externally and internally generated human emotion
(1997) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.154.7.918 · Cited by 711 · cited 1×
“In fact, activation of the right anterior insula has been observed in many studies of recallgenerated emotions (Damasio et al. 2000; Phan et al. 2002; Reiman et al. 1997).”
BackgroundStrassman, R. J. (1994) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1994.03950020022002 · Cited by 453
Damásio, A. R. (2003) · Cited by 449
Vollenweider, F. X., Leenders, K. L., Øye, I., Hell, D., & Angst, J. (1997) · European Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1016/s0924-977x(96)00042-9 · Cited by 413
McKenna, D. J., Towers, G. H. N., & Abbott, F. (1984) · Journal of Ethnopharmacology · doi:10.1016/0378-8741(84)90003-5 · Cited by 398
Riba, J., Valle, M., Urbano, G., Yritia, M., Morte, A., & Barbanoj, M. J. (2003) · The Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics · doi:10.1124/jpet.103.049882 · Cited by 390
Self-citationTiteler, M., Lyon, R. A., & Glennon, R. A. (1988) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/bf00176847 · Cited by 343
Human psychopharmacology of hoasca, a plant hallucinogen used in ritual context in Brazil.
GROB, C. S., McKENNA, D. J., CALLAWAY, J. C., BRITO, G. S., NEVES, E. S., OBERLAENDER, G., SAIDE, O. L., LABIGALINI, E., TACLA, C., MIRANDA, C. T., et al. (1996) · The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease · doi:10.1097/00005053-199602000-00004 · Cited by 338
McKenna, D. J. (2004) · Pharmacology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1016/j.pharmthera.2004.03.002 · Cited by 321
Pharmacokinetics of Hoasca alkaloids in healthy humans
Callaway, J. C., McKenna, D. J., Grob, C. S., Brito, G. S., Raymon, L. P., Poland, R. E., Andrade, E. O., Andrade, E. O., & Mash, D. C. (1999) · Journal of Ethnopharmacology · doi:10.1016/s0378-8741(98)00168-8 · Cited by 318
Riba, J., Rodríguez-Fornells, A., Urbano, G., Morte, A., Antonijoan, R., Montero, M., Callaway, J. C., & Barbanoj, M. J. (2001) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/s002130000606 · Cited by 303
Self-citationDose-Response Study of N,N-Dimethyltryptamine in Humans
Strassman, R. J. (1994) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1994.03950020009001 · Cited by 291
Flesh of the Gods : The Ritual Use of Hallucinogens
Furst, P. T. (1972) · Cited by 258
The Botany and Chemistry of Hallucinogens
Reynolds, T., Schultes, R. E., & Hofmann, A. A. (1974) · Kew Bulletin · doi:10.2307/4108565 · Cited by 253
Hallucinogens and dissociative agents naturally growing in the United States
Halpern, J. H. (2004) · Pharmacology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1016/j.pharmthera.2004.03.003 · Cited by 222
Gouzoulis-Mayfrank, E. (1999) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1016/s0893-133x(98)00089-x · Cited by 219
Differential interactions of indolealkylamines with 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor subtypes
McKenna, D. J., Repke, D. B., Lo, L., & Peroutka, S. J. (1990) · Neuropharmacology · doi:10.1016/0028-3908(90)90001-8 · Cited by 195
The Botany and Chemistry of Hallucinogens.
Lipp, F. J., Schultes, R. E., & Hofmann, A. (1981) · Brittonia · doi:10.2307/2806315 · Cited by 193
Visionary Vine: Hallucinogenic Healing in the Peruvian Amazon
de Ríos, M. D. (1972) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 185
Buckholtz, N. S., & Boggan, W. O. (1977) · Biochemical Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/0006-2952(77)90007-7 · Cited by 185
Hermle, L., Fünfgeld, M., Oepen, G., Botsch, H., Borchardt, D., Gouzoulis, E., Fehrenbach, R. A., & Spitzer, M. (1992) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/0006-3223(92)90059-9 · Cited by 183
Plants of the Gods: Origins of Hallucinogenic Use
Brenan, J. P. M., Schultes, R. E., & Hofmann, A. (1980) · Kew Bulletin · doi:10.2307/4110029 · Cited by 154
Hallucinogenic drug interactions with neurotransmitter receptor binding sites in human cortex
Pierce, P. A., & Peroutka, S. J. (1989) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/bf00443425 · Cited by 152
Notes of a Botanist on the Amazon & Andes
Wallace, A. R. (2016) · Cited by 129
Notes of a Botanist on the Amazon and Andes
Spruce, R. (2014) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9781107252646 · Cited by 89
Psychometric assessment of the Hallucinogen Rating Scale☆
Riba, J., Rodrı́guez-Fornells, A., Strassman, R. J., & Barbanoj, M. J. (2001) · Drug and Alcohol Dependence · doi:10.1016/s0376-8716(00)00175-7 · Cited by 88
Self-citationPlatelet serotonin uptake sites increased in drinkers ofayahuasca
Callaway, J. C., Airaksinen, M. M., McKenna, D. J., Brito, G. S., & Grob, C. S. (1994) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/bf02245347 · Cited by 81
5-HT2A receptor-stimulated phosphoinositide hydrolysis in the stimulus effects of hallucinogens
Rabin, R. A., Regina, M. J., Doat, M., & Winter, J. C. (2002) · Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior · doi:10.1016/s0091-3057(01)00720-1 · Cited by 58
Nosing in on the emotional brain
Hamann, S. B. (2003) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn0203-106 · Cited by 56
Spanish version of the 49-item short form of the Addiction Research Center Inventory (ARCI)
Lamas, X., Farré, M., Llorente, M., & Camı́, J. (1994) · Drug and Alcohol Dependence · doi:10.1016/0376-8716(94)90075-2 · Cited by 55
Check, E. (2004) · Nature · doi:10.1038/429126a · Cited by 53
Tromboni, M. (2003) · Mana · doi:10.1590/s0104-93132003000200011 · Cited by 31
Labate, B. C., Araújo, W. S., & da Ayahuasca, C. S. O. U. R. (2003) · Tipití/Tipiti · Cited by 23
Brown, C. (2004) · The New Scientist · Cited by 4
Kotler, S. (2005) · PsycEXTRA Dataset · doi:10.1037/e592272007-012 · Cited by 1
Research works printed but not linked: 2
- Melton L (2004) Dream drug or demon brew. New Sci 182(2453):42–43
- Villavicencio M (1858) Geografía de la República del Ecudador. Craighead, New York
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Nichols, D. E. (2016) · Pharmacological Reviews · doi:10.1124/pr.115.011478 · Cited by 1,762
Gasser, P., Holstein, D., Michel, Y., Doblin, R., Yazar-Klosinski, B., Passie, T., & Brenneisen, R. (2014) · Journal of Nervous & Mental Disease · doi:10.1097/nmd.0000000000000113 · Cited by 750
The Therapeutic Potential of Psychedelic Drugs: Past, Present, and Future
Carhart-Harris, R. L., & Goodwin, G. M. (2017) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/npp.2017.84 · Cited by 706
Psychedelic drugs: neurobiology and potential for treatment of psychiatric disorders
Vollenweider, F. X., & Preller, K. H. (2020) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/s41583-020-0367-2 · Cited by 570
Psilocybin for treatment-resistant depression: fMRI-measured brain mechanisms
Carhart-Harris, R. L., Roseman, L., Bolstridge, M., Demetriou, L., Pannekoek, J. N., Wall, M. B., Tanner, M., Kaelen, M., McGonigle, J., Murphy, K., et al. (2017) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-017-13282-7 · Cited by 587
Metadata
- Authors
- Riba, J., Romero, S., Grasa, E., Mena, E., Carrió, I., & Barbanoj, M. J.
- Affiliations
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (ES)
- Hospital de Sant Pau (ES)
- Venue
- Psychopharmacology
- Published
- 2006-03-31
- Volume
- 186
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 93-98
- ISSN
- 0033-3158 (ISSN-L)
- 1432-2072
- OpenAlex
- W2103583518
- Cited by
- 241
- References
- 48
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 14 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 25 · 2022: 21 · 2021: 24 · 2020: 16 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 14 · 2017: 15 · 2016: 20 · 2015: 14 · 2014: 11 · 2013: 9 · 2012: 12
- FWCI
- 4.06
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Psychopharmacology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- LA Referencia (Red Federada de Repositorios Institucionales de Publicaciones Científicas) (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- RECERCAT (Consorci de Serveis Universitaris de Catalunya) (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- UPCommons institutional repository (Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychedelics and Drug Studies
- Life Sciences › Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics › Pharmacology › Alkaloids: synthesis and pharmacology
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
- Keywords
- ayahuasca, N,N-dimethyltryptamine, monoamine oxidase inhibitors, regional cerebral blood flow, frontal cortex activation, paralimbic system, anterior insula, anterior cingulate cortex, amygdala, parahippocampal gyrus, interoception, emotional processing, serotonergic neurotransmission
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Affect, Brain, Double-Blind Method, Euphoria, Humans, Male, Psychotropic Drugs, Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon, Plant Preparations, Banisteriopsis
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
