CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 113Physical Activity and HealthNeural and Behavioral Psychology StudiesNeural dynamics and brain function

The interactive effects of physical fitness and acute aerobic exercise on electrophysiological coherence and cognitive performance in adolescents

Open access
Hogan, Michael, Kiefer, Markus, Kubesch, Sabine, Collins, Peter, Kilmartin, Liam, Brosnan, Méadhbh·2013·Experimental Brain Research
DOI 10.1007/s00221-013-3595-0
Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

The current study examined the effects of physical fitness and aerobic exercise on cognitive functioning and coherence of the electroencephalogram in 30 adolescents between the ages of 13 and 14 years. Participants were first classified as fit or unfit and then performed a modified Eriksen flanker task after a bout of acute exercise and after a period of relaxation. Analysis of behavioural differences between the fit and unfit groups revealed an interaction between fitness levels and acute physical exercise. Specifically, fit participants had significantly faster reaction times in the exercise condition in comparison with the rest condition; unfit, but not fit, participants had higher error rates for NoGo relative to Go trials in the rest condition. Furthermore, unfit participants had higher levels of lower alpha, upper alpha, and beta coherence in the resting condition for NoGo trials, possibly indicating a greater allocation of cognitive resources to the task demands. The higher levels of alpha coherence are of particular interest in light of its reported role in inhibition and effortful attention. The results suggest that physical fitness and acute exercise may enhance cognition by increasing the efficacy of the attentional system.

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1007/s00221-013-3595-0

Cites

7 of 7 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Cites

Flagged first, then by citations

Research works printed but not linked: 48

  1. armstrong N, Welsman JR (2007) aerobic fitness: what are we meas- uring? Med sport sci 50:5-25. doi:10.1159/000101073 · DOI
  2. churchill JD, Galvez R, colcombe s, swain Ra, Kramer aF, Greenough Wt (2002) Exercise, experience and the aging brain. Neurobiol aging 23(5):941-955. doi:10.1016/ s0197-4580(02)00028-3 · DOI
  3. colcombe sJ, Kramer aF (2003) Fitness effects on the cognitive function of older adults: a meta-analytic study. Psychol sci 14(2):125-130. doi:10.1111/1467-9280.t01-1-01430 · DOI · Paper page
  4. colcombe sJ, Kramer aF, Erickson Kl, scalf P, Mcauley E, cohen NJ et al (2004) cardiovascular fitness, cortical plasticity, and aging. Proc Natl acad sci Usa 101:3316-3321. doi:10.1073/ pnas.0400266101 · DOI · Paper page
  5. collins P, hogan MJ, Kilmartin l, Keane M, Kaiser J, Fischer K (2010) Electrophysiological coherence and learning: distinct patterns of change during word learning and figure learning tasks. Mind Brain Educ 4:208-218. doi:10.1111/j.1751-228X.2010.01100.x · DOI
  6. cotman cW, Berchtold Nc (2002) Exercise: a behavioral intervention to enhance brain health and plasticity. trends Neurosci 25:295- 301. doi:10.1016/s0166-2236(02)02143-4 · DOI · Paper page
  7. Davis cl, tomporowski PD, Boyle ca, Waller Jl, Miller Ph, Naglieri Ja et al (2007) Effects of aerobic exercise on over- weight children's cognitive functioning: a randomized controlled trial. Res Q Exerc sport 78(5):510-519. doi:10.5641/1932503 · DOI
  8. 07X13082512817660 · DOI
  9. Davranche K, audiffren M (2004) Facilitating effects of exercise on information processing. J sports sci 22:419-428. doi:10.1080/02 640410410001675289 · DOI
  10. Deeny sP, haufler aJ, saffer M, hatfield BD (2009) Electroencepha- lographic coherence during visuomotor performance: a compari- son of cortico-cortical communication in experts and novices. J Mot Behav 41(2):106-116. doi:10.3200/JMBR.41.2.106-116 · DOI
  11. Demiralp t, Bayraktaroglu Z, lenz D, Junge s, Busch Na, Maess B, Ergena M, herrmannb Ms (2007) Gamma amplitudes are cou- pled EEG during visual to theta phase in human perception. Int J Psychophysiol 64:24-30. doi:10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2006.07.005 · DOI
  12. Diamond a, taylor c (1996) Development of an aspect of executive control: development of the abilities to remember what I say and to "do as I say, not as I do". Dev Psychobiol 29:315-334. doi:10.1002/ (sIcI)1098-2302(199605)29:4<315:aID-DEV2>3.3.cO;2-c Dierks t, Jelic V, Pascual-Marqui RD, Wahlund lO, Julin P, lin- den DEJ (2000) spatial pattern of cerebral glucose metabolism (PEt) correlates with localization of intracerebral EEG-genera- tors in alzheimer's disease. clin Neurophysiol 111:1817-1824. doi:10.1016/s1388-2457(00)00427-2 · DOI
  13. Endres M, Gertz K, lindauer U, Katchanov J, schultze J, schrock h et al (2003) Mechanisms of stroke protection by physical activity. ann Neurol 54(5):582-590. doi:10.1002/ana.10722 · DOI
  14. Eriksen Ba, Eriksen cW (1974) Effects of noise letters upon the identification of a target letter in a nonsearch task. Percept Psy- chophys 16:143-149. doi:10.3758/BF03203267 herrmann cs, Fründ I, lenz D (2010) human gamma-band activ- ity: a review on cognitive and behavioral correlates and net- work models. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 34:981-992. doi:10.1016/ j.neubiorev.2009.09.001 · DOI
  15. hinkle Js, tuckman BW, sampson JP (1993) the psychology, physi- ology, and the creativity of middle school aerobic exercises. Elem sch Guid couns 28(2):133-145
  16. huttenlocher PR, Dabholkar as (1997) Regional differences in synaptogenesis in human cerebral cortex. J comp Neurol 387(2):167-178. doi:10.1002/(sIcI)1096-9861(19971020)387 · DOI
  17. Jensen O, Kaiser J, lachaux JP (2007) human gamma-frequency oscillations associated with attention and memory. trends Neuro- sci 30:317-324. doi:10.1016/j.tins.2007.05.001 · DOI
  18. Jiang Z, Zheng l (2006) Inter-and intra-hemispheric EEG coher- ence in patients with mild cognitive impairment at rest and dur- ing memory working task. J Zhejiang Univ sci B 7(5):357-364. doi:10.1631/jzus.2006.B0357 · DOI
  19. Jokisch D, Jensen O (2007) Modulation of gamma and alpha activ- ity during a working memory task engaging the dorsal or ven- tral stream. J Neurosci 27(12):3244-3251. doi:10.1523/JNEURO scI.5399-06.2007 · DOI
  20. Kiefer M, Marzinzik F, Weisbrod M, scherg M, spitzer M (1998) the time course of brain activations during response inhibition: evi- dence from event-related potentials in a Go/Nogo task. NeuroRe- port 9:765-770. doi:10.1097/00001756-199803090-00037 · DOI
  21. Kiefer M, ahlegian M, spitzer M (2005) Working memory capac- ity, indirect semantic priming and stroop interference: pat- tern of interindividual prefrontal performance differences in healthy volunteers. Neuropsych 19:332-344. doi:10.1037/ 0894-4105.19.3.332 · DOI
  22. Klimesch W (1999) EEG alpha and theta oscillations reflect cognitive and memory performance: a review and analysis. Brain Res Rev 29:169-195. doi:10.1016/s0165-0173(98)00056-3 · DOI · Paper page
  23. lardon Mt, Polich J (1996) EEG changes from long-term physi- cal exercise. Biol Psychol 44(1):19-30. doi:10.1016/s0301- 0511(96)05198-8 · DOI
  24. llorens-Martín M, torres-alemán I, trejo Jl (2006) Pronounced individual variation in the response to the stimulatory action of exercise on immature hippocampal neurons. hippocampus 16:480-490. doi:10.1002/hipo.20175 · DOI
  25. lou sJ, liu JY, chang h, chen PJ (2008) hippocampal neurogenesis and gene expression depend on exercise intensity in juvenile rats. Brain Res 1210:48-55. doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2008.02.080 · DOI
  26. Moraes h, Ferreira c, Deslandes a, cagy M, Pompeu F, Ribeiro P, Piedade R (2007) Beta and alpha electroencephalographic activ- ity changes after acute exercise. arq Neuropsiquiatr 65(3a):637- 641. doi:10.1590/s0004-282X2007000400018 · DOI
  27. Mormann F, Fell J, axmacher N, Weber B, lehnertz K, Elger cE, Fernández G (2005) Phase/amplitude reset and theta-gamma interaction in the human medial temporal lobe during a continu- ous word recognition memory task. hippocampus 15:890-900. doi:10.1002/hipo.20117 · DOI
  28. Norman Da, shallice t (1986) attention to action: willed and auto- matic control of behavior. In: Davidson RJ, schwartz GE, sha- piro D (eds) consciousness and self-regulation: advances in research and theory, vol 4. Plenum, New York, pp 1-18
  29. Nunez P (1981) Electric fields of the brain: the neurophysics of EEG. Oxford University Press, New York. doi:10.1063/1.2915137 · DOI
  30. Petruzzello sJ, landers DM (1994) state anxiety reduction and exercise: does hemispheric activation reflect such changes? Med sci sports Exerc 26:1028-1035. doi:10.1249/00005768-199408000-00015 · DOI
  31. Ridderinkhof KR, van der Molen MW (1995) a psychophysiological analysis of developmental differences in the ability to resist inter- ference. child Dev 66:1040-1056. doi:10.2307/1131797 · DOI
  32. Rieder MK, Rahm B, Williams JD, Kaiser J (2011) human gamma- band activity and behavior. Int J Psychophysiol 79:39-48. doi:10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2010.08.010 · DOI
  33. Royall DR, lauterbach Ec, cummings Jl, Reeve a, Rummans ta, Kaufer DI et al (2002) Executive control function: a review of its promise and challenges for clinical research. a report from the committee on Research of the american Neuropsychiatric asso- ciation. J Neuropsychiatry clin Neurosci 14(4):377-405. doi:10. 1176/appi.neuropsych.14.4.377 · DOI
  34. Ruchsow M, herrnberger B, Wiesend c, Gron G, spitzer M, Kiefer M (2004) the effect of erroneous responses on response moni- toring in patients with major depressive disorder: a study with event-related potentials. Psychophysiology 41:833-840. doi:10.1111/j.1469-8986.2004.00237.x · DOI
  35. Ruchsow M, spitzer M, Grön G, Grothe J, Kiefer M (2005) Error processing and impulsiveness in normals: evidence from event- related potentials. Brain Res cogn Brain Res 24(2):317-325
  36. sarnthein J, Petsche h, Rappelsberger P, shaw Gl, stein aV (1998) synchronization between prefrontal and posterior association cortex during human working memory. Proc Natl acad sci Usa 95:7092-7096. doi:10.1073/pnas.95.12.7092 · DOI
  37. schnitzler a, Gross J (2005) Normal and pathological oscillatory communication in the brain. Nat Rev Neurosci 6:285-296. doi:10.1038/nrn1650 · DOI
  38. stroth s, Kubesch s, Dieterle K, Ruchsow M, heim R, Kiefer M (2009) Physical fitness, but not acute exercise modulates event-related potential indices for executive control in healthy adolescents. Brain Res 1269:114-124. doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2009.02.073 · DOI
  39. themanson JR, hillman ch (2006) cardiorespiratory fitness and acute aerobic exercise effects on neuroelectric and behavio- ral measures of action monitoring. Neuroscience 141:757-767. doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2006.04.004 · DOI
  40. themanson JR, hillman ch, curtin JJ (2006) age and physical activity influences on action monitoring during task switching. Neurobiol aging 27(9):1335-1345. doi:10.1016/j.neurobiolag ing.2005.07.002 · DOI
  41. tomporowski PD, Davis cl, Miller Ph, Naglieri Ja (2008) Exercise and children's intelligence cognition, and academic achievement. Educ Psychol Rev 20:111-131. doi:10.1007/s10648-007-9057-0 · DOI · Paper page
  42. travis F (1998) cortical and cognitive development in 4th, 8th, and 12th grade students: the contribution of speed of processing and executive functioning to cognitive development. Bio Psych 48:37-56. doi:10.1016/s0301-0511(98)00005-2 · DOI
  43. tuckman BW, hinkle Js (1986) an experimental study of the physical and psychological effects of aerobic exercise on schoolchildren. health Psychol 5(3):197-207. doi:10.1037//0278-6133.5.3.197 · DOI
  44. Van Praag h, christie BR, sejnowski tJ, Gage Fh (1999a) Running enhances neurogenesis, learning and long-term potentiation in mice. Proc Natl acad sci 96(23):13427-13431. doi:10.1073/p nas.96.23.13427 · DOI · Paper page
  45. Wasserman K, McIlroy MB (1964) Detecting the threshold of anaero- bic metabolism in cardiac patients during exercise. am J cardiol 14:844-885. doi:10.1016/0002-9149(64)90012-8 · DOI
  46. Weiss s, Rappelsberger P (2000) long-range EEG synchroniza- tion during word encoding correlates with successful memory performance. cognitive Brain Res 9(3):299-312. doi:10.1016/ s0926-6410(00)00011-2 · DOI
  47. Weiss s, Muller hM, Rappelsberger P (1999) Processing concepts and scenarios: electrophysiological findings on language repre- sentation. In: Riegler a, Peschl M, stein aV (eds) Understanding representation in the cognitive sciences. Plenum, New York, pp 237-246. doi:10.1007/978-0-585-29605-0_26 · DOI
  48. Zervas Y, apostolos D, Klissouras V (1991) Influence of physi- cal exertion on mental performance with reference to training. Percept Mot skills 73:1215-1221. doi:10.2466/pms.1991.72. 3c.1215 · DOI

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Authors
Hogan, M., Kiefer, M., Kubesch, S., Collins, P., Kilmartin, L., & Brosnan, M.
Affiliations
  • Ollscoil na Gaillimhe – University of Galway (IE)
  • Universität Ulm (DE)
Corresponding author
Hogan, Michael
ORCID
Venue
Experimental Brain Research
Publisher
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published
2013-06-07
Volume
229
Issue
1
Pages
85-96
ISSN
  • 0014-4819 (ISSN-L)
  • 1432-1106
DOI
10.1007/s00221-013-3595-0
OpenAlex
W2026039158
Cited by
113
References
7
Citations by year
2025: 6 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 15 · 2019: 12 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 13 · 2015: 11 · 2014: 7 · 2013: 1
FWCI
6.62
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Experimental Brain Research (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Arrow@dit (Dublin Institute of Technology) (acceptedVersion)
  • ARAN (University of Galway Research Repository) (Ollscoil na Gaillimhe – University of Galway) (acceptedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
  • ARAN (University of Galway Research Repository) (Ollscoil na Gaillimhe – University of Galway) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
  • University of Galway Research Repository (submittedVersion, cc-by)
  • Research Repository UCD (University College Dublin) (cc-by)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Physical Activity and Health
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural dynamics and brain function
Keywords
physical fitness, acute aerobic exercise, adolescents, EEG coherence, cognitive performance, flanker task, alpha coherence, beta coherence, reaction time, inhibition, attentional control
MeSH terms
Adolescent, Cognition, Electroencephalography, Female, Humans, Male, Physical Fitness, Psychomotor Performance, Reaction Time, Time Factors, Exercise

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review